Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation - Essay Example

work I: Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation Contents Foreword 4 2. Brief Introduction of Microsoft Corporation 4 3. The Significance of CSR in United States of America 5 4. The Market and Nonmarket Environmental Analysis for Microsoft Corporation 8 4.1. The Market Environment 8 4.2. The Non-market Environment 10 4.2.1 Nonmarket environment factors of Microsoft Corporation 11 4.2.2 PESTLE Analysis of Microsoft Corporation 11 4.2.3 Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation 12 4.2.4 SWOT Analysis of Microsoft Corporation 12 4.2.5 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Microsoft Corporation 13 5. The Motivation Factors behind Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation 13 5.1. Responsibility towards Society and Environment 14 5.2. Government Support and Tax Benefits 14 5.3. Social Media Visibility 15 5.4 Ethical Perspective 15 5.5 Strategic Perspective 15 5.6 Economic Perspective 15 6. Conclusion 16 Reference List 17 Bibliography 19 1. Foreword In this era of global competitiveness and integration of business process, it is becoming inadequate for the organizations to drive business only with the motivation of profit maximization. Moreover, as the companies are utilizing the resources available in the society and environment for conducting business, it also appears to be important for the companies to return the favour to the societal environment. Corporate social responsibility indicates the concept whereby the business organizations, along with their business activities, aims to address the social and environmental issues through interacting with stakeholders at various levels and integrating business process with socio-environmental orientation. In this report, the inclination of the world famous technology company, Microsoft Corporation towards their corporate social responsibility will be investigates. Microsoft Corporation is the leading developer, manufacturer, licence provider and seller of computer software, hardware and services in the whole world. As on 2014, this America based company has generated revenue of US$ 93.58 billion and is responsible for employment of 118,584 individuals throughout the world (Microsoft Corporation, 2014). Naturally, in order run such widespread business, the business organization is required to interact with various entities in the global environment and society at large. Therefore, the report will analyse how the company complies with its corporate social responsibilities in each step of business and what are the factors that drives the company to carry out such activities within the non-market and market environment. 2. Brief Introduction of Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation started operating in the computer software and electronics industry of United States in 1975. The founder, Mr. Bill Gates has driven the organization so efficiently that within a short span of time, it conquered the whole world. The company is renowned for its software products such as Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Skype, Xbox etc. and services such as MSN, Bing, and Outlook etc. Xbox is considered to be the flagship hardware product for Microsoft Corporation. As per the statistics of 2014, the company has evolved as the largest software manufacturing company in the world in terms of revenue. Considering the total asset holding of US$ 176.22 billion in 2015, Microsoft Corporation has been identified as one of the most valuable companies in the world. Microsoft Corporation incorporates a strong, integrated and well- defined mission and vision that helps the company to drive business in a definite path. The mission statement emphasises on realising full potential of the internal and external stakeholders such all its employees, distributor and target customers so that they can infuse innovative excellence in their products and services and make their technology accessible to everyone, irrespective of the location, ages and abilities of the customers. The vision of the company is to create a diversified and all inclusive corporate culture at the global marketplace so that they can attract the best skills, ideas and experiences in the market and strive for delivering most innovative products and services to their customers. From the company analysis, it is evident that Microsoft Corporation is one of the strongest companies in the world that has been able to witness significant growth since inception. Apart from the strong leadership, technical expertise, inclusion of efficient employees, the company is in a direct relationship with the society and environment in various layers of business. High inclination of Microsoft Corporation towards sustaining social and corporate issues has made the company highly acceptable among its internal as well as external stakeholders. The corporate social responsibility carried out by Microsoft Corporation is truly exemplary for all corporate operating in the contemporary business environment. In the next segment, we will discuss the significance of USA and its market and non-market environment for Microsoft Corporation to accomplish its corporate social activities. 3. The Significance of CSR in United States of America The concept of corporate social responsibility is gaining growing attention in the contemporary business world. According to Senge (2009), in order to ascertain long term sustainability of business, the organizations must perform their CSR activities consistently. Though the role of corporate social responsibility in today’s business scenario is inevitable, Freeman (2008) was of the opinion that the main motivation behind a for-profit organization to run business is to maximize profit as well as enhance shareholders’ value as much as possible. However, as the CSR activities tend to channelize the fund in a different direction, the organizations deviate from their fundamental business objective and jeopardize the incentive of their shareholders to associate with the business. However, such conscience has been contradicted by Porter and Kramer (2011) on the ground that considering the complexities already existing in the global business world, if the business organizations fail to strike a balance between their financial goal and social goal of conducting business and cannot develop the culture of creating shared values, the business soon will follow the path of destruction. Therefore, in order to ensure long term sustainability of business, the organizations should always prioritise their CSR activities and engage all the stakeholders to take active participation in such activities. Such active engagement will create win-win situation for both the parties engaged directly or indirectly with the business. Considering the case of United States of America, as per the report of the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs of United States (2013), as the business environment is growing more complex over the period of time, the country is experiencing increasing need in the field of corporate social responsibility in order to ensure sustainable development of the country, the society and environment as a whole. As a result of globalisation and rapid expansion of international trade, the business organizations are striving to accelerate the pace of business which in turn results in increasing level of pollution and disruptive use of natural resources. Moreover, as the US based organizations attempts to integrate a diversified workforce and operates in various parts of the globe, it largely becomes the responsibility of such companies to render the services towards the development of the society and environment. The US state departments undertake strong commitment to provide support and governance to the corporate so that they can carry out their social and environmental responsibilities in a comprehensive manner. The US secretary of States also aids the companies through ensuring effective coordination and partnership from the state department’s end and enables them to continue such laws complying with foreign policies and other state specific legislations prevailing in the country. The structure of corporate social responsibility in United States is designed on the basis of the following seven pillars. (Phillips, Freeman and Wicks, 2003) Experiencing the level of support provided by the state legislative authorities of USA, the companies conducting business activities in the region also attempts to perform their corporate social responsibilities in a comprehensive manner. (Microsoft Corporation, 2011) However, as per the statistics provided by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the tendency among the US based companies to report their CSR activities is significantly low as compared to other parts of the globe. As on 2007, only 12.5% of the US companies had reported their CSR activities whereas the figure is 37.9% and 26.1% for Europe and Asia respectively. Realising this, more and more US based companies showing their interests in CSR initiatives in recent times. This can be ascertained by showing that whereas in 2007, the number of US companies involved in CSR activities was 70; in 2013 it has increased to as much as 540 companies. The companies have taken the objective of not only maximizing the profit but also to optimize it. This urge for optimization of profit has influenced the business organizations to come out from the conventional process of conducting business and implement triple bottom line approach. Such approach facilitates the organizations to utilise the existing resources in such as way that will ensure sustainability of such scarce resources so that the future generation can also exploit them without any constraint. According to Stead and Stead (2008), such initiatives enable the firms to formulate business strategies in a way that will minimise creation of negative externalities at all levels of business conduction which in turn reflects social and environmental responsibilities of the organizations. Microsoft Corporation being a leading organization of United States in all aspects also takes active participation in performing its corporate social activities. All inclusive business approach of the company and its proclivity to address the social and environmental issues has led the company to reach at number one position in this regard. 4. The Market and Nonmarket Environmental Analysis for Microsoft Corporation Eminent researcher Hart and Milstein (2003) emphasised that in order to sustain in the competitive business environment, the companies should concentrate on continuously scanning the internal and external environment in which they operate. Such examination will definitely enable the organizations to understand whether the effort of the internal stakeholders is sufficient to fulfil the expectations of the external stakeholders. Carroll and Shabana (2010) are of the opinion that such environmental scanning also facilitate the companies in identifying the opportunities lying in the environment, capitalising which, the company can enhance immense growth opportunities. Hence, depending upon such analysis, the companies can develop strategies that will be beneficial mutually beneficial for the company and the society in which it is operating. As the importance of analysing market and non-market environment has been established, in the next segment, detailed environmental analysis will be done for Microsoft Corporation. Such analysis will be done on the basis of strategic management analytical tools such as SWOT, PESTLE and Porter’s five-force model. SWOT analysis will depict the internal environmental analysis of Microsoft Corporation whereas PESTLE analysis will portray analysis of the external environment. The aim of incorporating Porter’s five-force model is to analyse the concerned company in terms of its competitors prevailing into the industry in which it is operating. 4.1. The Market Environment According to Burke and Logsdon (1996), market environment indicates the association of the organization with different entities prevailing in the environment in which the organization is operating. Therefore, in order to carry out daily business activities smoothly, the organizations must comply with the requirements of all such entities with which it is engaged in transactions, directly or indirectly. As per the views of Phillips, Freeman and Wicks (2003), such entities constitute from both the internal and external environment. Therefore, market environment analysis will enable a business organization such as Microsoft Corporation to identify its internal strength as well as opportunities lying in the external environment, combining which the organization can realise its immense growth potential in upcoming future. Such analysis also facilitates the organization to identify the weaknesses, specific to the organization and all other external environmental threats. Once such holistic market environment analysis is done, it becomes easier for the organization to incorporate strategies that will be best suitable for its business model. In fact, Carroll and Shabana (2010) have rightly identified that such analysis aid the organization to identify the key driver of business so that it can plan accordingly to ensure sustainability of such social and environmental drivers through corporate social activities. By analysing the market environment for Microsoft Corporation, it has become evident that well-established and worldwide brand reputation has enabled the company to experience sharp growth since it has started its operation. In fact, experiencing huge opportunities in mobile and telecommunications industry, Microsoft Corporation has expanded its business line in this segment. Though this particular industry involves intensifying competition and the company also suffers from lack of transparency in supply chain system, what makes Microsoft Corporation different from other companies in software or telecommunications industry is its effort to perform corporate social responsibilities (Microsoft Corporation, 2011). Analysing the corporate social responsibility of Microsoft Corporation, it becomes evident that the company strives to ascertain sustainability of not only the entities associated with their business but also the social and environmental aspects. Among the social responsibilities performed by Microsoft Corporation, providing technical and non-technical training to the unemployed of the country and accordingly create provision for employment for such individuals is an instance of their corporate responsibilities. Apart from that, the company also strives to address various non- business linked social issues under their Corporate Citizenship program such as providing child protection and safety from child predators in Switzerland, preparing citizen plan for the aging population of Japan etc (Microsoft Corporation, 2013). 4.2. The Non-market Environment Burke and Logsdon (1996) have identified the non- market activities of an organization as those activities that the company accomplishes through interacting with the external stakeholders such as distributors, customers and media. Such activities hold equal importance for the company’s success. Therefore, scanning the non- market activities and attributes thoroughly and develop CSR and other strategies accordingly, provides the company a competitive edge and explores exciting business opportunities in front of the organization. Hustedm and Allen (2001) also emphasised on the fact that though long term and healthy relationship with external stakeholders enhance reputation of the company in the market, violation of such provision may lead to yield negative consequences for the company as well. Non-market issues and opportunities of Microsoft Corporation in United States can be best understood by evaluating the PESTEL model for the company in the mentioned country. The five force model analysis also elucidates the degree of bargaining power the company holds in the market with respect to its competitors. Considering the non market activities of Microsoft Corporation, Moon (2002) have identified that the company efficiently aligns its corporate social activities with its non-market entities. Moreover, as the government of United States recently has taken the policy of influencing the corporate to enhance their contribution towards CSR activities, it has become easier for Microsoft Corporation to run their social and environmental activities. (Margolis and Walsh, 2003) The above diagram depicts the connotation of Baron (1995) which indicates that in order to accomplish the task of CSR in an integrated manner; companies should be capable of providing balanced priority to both the market and non-market activities. Such approach facilitates the company to take right decision regarding implementing correct strategy, choosing the best alternative distributors and most suitable target customer group for the organization. Accuracy in business decision enables the organization to get benefitted both financially and non- financially in long term. Therefore, according to the notion of Wood (1991), once the elementary business requirements are satisfied, the business organizations holds a better position in shifting their concentration towards corporate social responsibilities. In fact, as per the views of Carroll and Shabana (2010), extensive CSR activities enhance the brand image to of a business organization in the non- market environment, especially among the consumers. Therefore, the consequences of performing CSR activities in the non-market environment are unforeseeable for corporate such as Microsoft Corporation. 4.2.1 Nonmarket environment factors of Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation adopts sound standard of living and purchasing power. As it is a provider of computer software, hardware and services around the world so, there is an increasing need for technology. The corporation does not compromise on the technology and provide its customers with superior quality services and products. The global marketplace provides opportunities to the company to enhance its services to satisfy the customers so, that they remain loyal towards the company. The strong team of research and development are continuously involved in doing innovation in the services and products offered by Microsoft Corporation. The company always ensure online privacy and safety. They develop safe and sustainable products and reuse and recycle the waste material in order to remain green and also to comply with the CSR practices (Refer to Appendix 1). 4.2.2 PESTLE Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Political: Microsoft Corporation complies with the regulations and laws of the United States. They also meet the terms of the Environment Protection Act and does not involve in such things which will have an impact on the reputation of the company. Economic: The financial crisis has affected the operations of Microsoft Corporation, but then it has recovered by continuously engaging in innovation. The company has adopted the effective Exim Policy. Social: The Company provides the technology to several capable people around the world. The products of Microsoft Corporation empowers youth by helping them to realise their potential. Technological: The strong team of research and development are continuously involved in doing innovation in the services and products and provide the customers with enhanced services. Their inclination towards innovation of competitors motivates them to do more innovation and to remain ahead of them. Environmental: Microsoft Corporation is saving energy in the production and manufacturing of products. They are also complying with the environmental law in order to remain green in their operations. Legal: The Company obey the required laws related to business practices. They put attention to the working hour of employees and do not force them to do overtime (Refer to Appendix 2). 4.2.3 Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation Human rights: Microsoft Corporation makes effort to create as well as deliver reliable, private and secure computing experience for all individuals. They ensure online safety and privacy. Responsible sourcing: The Company maintains stringent compliance with the code of conduct of suppliers. Environmental sustainability: Microsoft Corporation is saving energy in the production and manufacturing of products. They are also complying with the environmental law in order to remain green in their operations. Integrity and governance: Microsoft Corporation establishes as well as preserves accountability of management to the owners of the company by properly distributing responsibilities among the managers; shareholders and board members (Refer to Appendix 3). 4.2.4 SWOT Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Strengths: Over the years, the company is leading the software market, which leads to almost 90% of the market share especially for personal computer. Brand reputation resulted in greater sales and high brand loyalty. With almost 350 million users, the presence of Skype is considered as a noteworthy boost to the online presence of Microsoft Corporation. Weaknesses: The market for the personal computer has matured and the company is facing difficulty to augment revenue in this sector. Most of the acquisitions of the company also remained unsuccessful. Opportunities: As the requirement for cloud-based services is increasing, so it provides opportunity to Microsoft Corporation to expand its assortment of cloud software and services. Threats: The intense competition from Apple Inc. and Google Inc. is posing threat to Microsoft Corporation. The company is compelled to introduce booming operating system both in mobile and personal computer market (Refer to Appendix 4). 4.2.5 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Threat of substitutes (low): The threat of substitutes is low because there are generally few substitute products which can compete with the software corporations and therefore the switching cost of the customers is high Threat of new entrants (low): It is low because the capital needed to enter the software industry is extremely high. Moreover, there are established players in the market which does not provide the opportunities to the new participants to enter into the market. Bargaining power of suppliers (low): Suppliers’ bargaining power is low because there are few providers of the software applications. Bargaining power of customers (low): The bargaining power of customers is low because the cost of switching from one provider/supplier to other is high and also the buyer’s concentration is high. Industry rivalry (high): Due to product differentiation as well as price discrimination, the rivalry among the competitors is extremely high (Refer to Appendix 5). 5. The Motivation Factors behind Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation From the above analysis, it is evident that the government of United States creates a framework for all the US based corporate to perform corporate social activities. Observing the trend of CSR activities of Microsoft Corporation, it can be rest assured that since 2004, the company is performing their CSR activities coherently and in an integrated manner. Such CSR activities concentrate on the problems of social and environmental attributes irrespective of their association or independence with the business of the organization. Though the instances of CSR activities of Microsoft Corporation is enormous, as per the views of Bhattacharya, Sen and Korschun (2008), no company involves into any activities it does not bring any monetary or non-monetary benefit. Such monetary benefit can come in the form of tax incentive whereas enhancement of brand reputation can be considered as a non-monetary benefit. In summation, these must be certain key drivers that influence the firms to accomplish their corporate social activities (Mitchell, Agle and Wood, 1997). In the next segment, such driving factors for Microsoft Corporation has been identified that motivates the company to perform CSR activities in USA, on the basis of the result yielded from market and non-market environmental scanning. 5.1. Responsibility towards Society and Environment Studying the sustainability report of Microsoft Corporation (2013), it becomes prominent that the company understand that as it is operating in the global environment, collects the scarce resources from the environment only, it will become impossible for the company to sustain in the long term without securing the environmental issues. Moreover, the stakeholders, who are responsible for the development of the company, are social players. Therefore, without addressing social causes, it is also impossible for the company to achieve long term growth and overall development (Smith, 2007). Hence, sustainability of business makes the company responsible towards environment and the society and such responsibility acts as a driver for Microsoft Corporation to perform its CSR activities. 5.2. Government Support and Tax Benefits Orlitzky (2007) has identified that a major incentive of corporate to perform CSR activities is to obtain easier way in dealing with legislators and government regulators. In fact, most of the countries create a provision for the corporate to enjoy certain deduction and tax benefits in case they are making donations for addressing social causes. For instance, under the United States Federal Income Tax systems, corporate are made eligible for income tax deductions under section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code. Therefore, by showing donation and contribution for social causes, it becomes easier for big business organizations such as Microsoft Corporation to safeguard lump sum tax expenses. This acts as driver for any corporate in United States such as Microsoft Corporation to address the social responsibilities (Microsoft Corporation, 2013). 5.3. Social Media Visibility Brand visibility and awareness holds utmost importance for any business organization. According to Bhattacharya and Sen (2004), though the motivation behind corporate to conduct CSR activities appeared to be to address social needs, enhancement of brand visibility is one of the most important aspects that motivates organizations to perform such activities. In this era of media and communication, brand visibility performs an important part in changing consumers’ perception regarding the organization. While performing environment friendly acts such as tree plantation or working on disaster and humanitarian relief projects, the brand name is largely enhanced through the support of media coverage. Such branding leaves a positive impact on the organization’s bottom line. Microsoft Corporation, in order to gain such benefits, involves into corporate social activities. 5.4 Ethical Perspective The Company complies with the regulations and laws of the United States. Microsoft Corporation is saving energy in the production and manufacturing of products. They are also complying with the environmental law in order to remain green in their operations. 5.5 Strategic Perspective Microsoft Corporation emphasises on realising full potential of the internal and external stakeholders such all its employees, distributor and target customers so that they can infuse innovative excellence in their products and services and make their technology accessible to everyone, irrespective of the location, ages and abilities of the customers. Wide spread distribution network and the company’s effort to establish long term relationship with the external stakeholders such as distributors provides the company a competitive edge as compared to other companies. 5.6 Economic Perspective The company has adopted the effective Exim Policy and also comply with the laws which are related to the business practices. 6. Conclusion At present, Microsoft Corporation is one of the most eminent companies not only in the global software and computer electronics industry but also among all the business organizations throughout the world, across industries. A large number of factors constitute the reason behind such grand success of the company. Analysing the market and non- market environment of Microsoft Corporation it becomes evident that apart from superior business strategy, innovation and technological inclusion, effort of the company to address the social and environmental issues through their corporate social responsibilities has enabled it to achieve such distinctive position in the world market. The company started its operations from United States, a country that influences its business organizations to take active participation in the CSR activities. Influenced by such socio-political culture, Microsoft Corporation has spread such culture of CSR in various countries in the world. From the environmental analysis, it can be experienced that the company concentrates on both the market and non-market environment and strives to create association between the two markets through such CSR activities. However, regarding engagement of the internal and external stakeholders of the company, Microsoft Corporation puts emphasis on the internal stakeholders such as employees to actively participate in such activities. However, they are not influenced to take initiative for such activities; rather the decision for CSR follows top- down approach i.e. the management directs their subordinates to execute CSR activities, planned by them. In fact, the company ignores the provision for including external stakeholders in this regard. Therefore, in order to obtain a holistic control over societal and environmental issues, Microsoft Corporation is required to integrate all its business associations or stakeholders. How the management of Microsoft Corporation fulfil such gap that will be analysed in the next report. Moving forward, Microsoft Corporation is going to focus on the mobile and cloud computing services while paying less attention to its window services. It will set new path for the company. The requirement for cloud-based services is increasing, so it will provide opportunity to Microsoft Corporation to expand its assortment of cloud software and services. In the long run, it is expected that the company is going to make huge profits by upgrading its technologies and services. More technology based services will help to draw more customers and ultimately it will result in increased income and profits. Reference List Baron, D. P., 1995. Integrated Strategy: Market and Nonmarket Components. California Management Review, 37 (2), pp. 47 – 65. Bhattacharya, C. B. and Sen, S., 2004. Doing Better at Doing Good: When, Why and How Consumers Respond to Corporate Social Initiatives. California Management Review, 47(1), pp. 9 – 24. Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. and Korschun, D., 2008. Using Corporate Social Responsibility to Win the War for Talent. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49 (2). pp. 37 – 44. Burke, L. and Logsdon, J. M., 1996. How Corporate Social Responsibility Pays Off. Long Range Planning, 29(4). pp. 495 – 502. Carroll, A. B. and Shabana, K. M., 2010. The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(10), pp. 132-154. Freeman, R. E., 2008. Managing for Stakeholders. Virginia: Darden Business Publishing Hart, S. L. and Milstein, M. B., 2003. Creating Sustainable Value. Academy of Management Executive, 17 (2), pp. 56 – 67. Hustedm B. W. and Allen, D. B., 2001. Toward a Model of Corporate Social Strategy Formulation. Academy of Management, 1(1), pp. 1 – 35. Margolis, J. D. and Walsh, J. P., 2003. Misery Loves Companies: Rethinking Social Initiatives by Business. 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Harvard Business Review, 2(1), pp. 44-61. Senge, P., 2009. Sustainability: Not What You Think It Is. MIT Sloan Management Review, 1(1), pp. 19-34. Smith, N. C., 2007. Consumers as Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility. New Delhi: SPI Publisher Services. Stead, J. G. and Stead, W. E., 2008. Sustainable Strategic Management: An Evolutionary Perspective. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), pp. 62 – 79. Wood, D. J., 1991. Corporate Social Performance Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4). pp. 691 – 718. Bibliography Aras, G., and Crowther, D., 2010. A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. London: Academic Press. Bacher, C., 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Benn, S., and Bolton, D., 2011. Key Concepts in Corporate Social Responsibility. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Cranu, A., 2008. The Oxford handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Boston: Pitman Publishing. Filho, W., 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility. London: Sage Publication. Goodpaster, K., 2009. Conscience and Corporate Social Responsibilities. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Grenville, J., 2010. Corporate culture and environmental practice. Harlow: Prentice Hall Companion. Idowu, S. O. and Filho, W. L., 2008. Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. Sheikh, S., 2011. Corporate Social Responsibilities: law and practice. New York: Nova Publication. Appendix 1: Nonmarket environment factors of Microsoft Corporation Appendix 2: PESTLE Analysis PESTLE Analysis Related Issues Impact on Microsoft Corporation Political Supporting US Laws and Regulations. Strict Environment Protection Act Antitrust Law + + - Economic Effective Exim Policy Sound Standard of Living and Purchasing Power Aftermath of Global Financial Crisis + + - Social Accessibility of Technology. Empowering youth Increasing Awareness + + + Technological Strong Research and Development Inclination towards innovation of competitors + + Environmental Saving energy Green IT + + Legal Laws in the business regulations Working hour of employees Intellectual property rights + + + Appendix 3: Corporate Social Responsibility of Microsoft Corporation Appendix 4: SWOT Analysis Appendix 5: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Read More