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Tate Modern Building - Essay Example

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The paper "Tate Modern Building" discusses that generally, Tate Modern is a wonderful building that has helped to transform Southwark. It has managed to achieve that difficult balance of being awe-inspiring while still being welcoming and accessible…
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Tate Modern Building
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Extract of sample "Tate Modern Building"

Tate  Modern  Building           In  1990,  the  Tate  Collection  had  outgrown  the  original  Tate  Gallery  on  Millbank.  It  was  then  decided  to  create  a  new  gallery  in  London,  displaying  the  international  modern  component  of  the  Tate  Collection.  It  was  the  first  time  in  over  a  decade  that  London  would  have  a  museum  dedicated  to   modern  art.  Tate  Modern  was  created  2000,  once  a  former  power  station,  designed  by  well-known  architect  Sir  Giles  Gilbert  Scott,  that  had  been  closed  in  1982.   The  former  power  station  offered  all  the  space  that  was  needed  for  the  new  museum.           An  international  architectural  competition  was  held  which  attracted  entries  from  all  over  the  world.  However,  Herzog  and  De  Meuron  a  small  Swiss  firm  won  the  honor  of  building  the  Tate  Modern.  The  main  reason  they  won  was  that  their  proposal  wanted  to  retain  much  of  the  essential  character  of  the  building.  The  power  station  consisted  of  a  huge  turbine  hall,  thirty-five  metres  high  and  152  metres  long,  parallel  to  it  is  the  boiler  house.  The  turbine  hall  has  become  a  dramatic  entrance  area  with  ramped  access,  plus   exhibit  for  large  sculptural  projects.           The  boiler  house  became  the  galleries,  and  are  on  three  levels  running  the  full  length  of  the  building.  The  galleries  are  in  separate  but  linked  blocks  called  suites,  and  on  either  side  of  the  escalators.  The  Tate  collection  of  modern  art  is  displayed  on  two  of  the  gallery  floors,  the  third  is  devoted  to  temporary  exhibitions.  To  the  original  roofline  of  the  power  station  Herzog  and  De  Meuron  added  a  two-storey  galls  penthouse  called  a  light beam.  The  top  level  of  this  houses  a  caf�-restaurant  with  stunning  views  of  the  river  and  the  City.  The  lower  levels  are  members  room  with  terraces  on  both  sides  of  the  building.  The  chimney  is  capped  by  a  colored  light,  known  as  the  swiss  light,  feature  designed  by  the  artist  Michael  Craig-Martin.  The  penthouse  light beam  and  the  Swiss  Light  mark  the  presence  of  Tate  Modern  for  many  miles.                                      An  urban  setting  and  Tate  Modern             There  are  two  basic  views  of  the  public  environment:  that  the  city  streets  are  the  common  realm  shared  by  all,  and  that  in  the  tight  urban  context  good  architectural  manner  dictate  a  level  of  respect  for  your  neighbors.           An  established  basic  criteria,  although  is  should  vary  depending  on  what  district  we  are  talking  about  is  as  follows:  To  place  building  relative  to  the  street,  have  the  doors  relative  to  the  sidewalk-  are  they  convenient  and  frequent  enough  to  support  the  type  of  activity  desired  on  the  street-  and  the  architectural  scale  should  have  two  components:  the  building  should  have  a  level  of  detail,  variety  and  material  quality  that  makes  human  interaction  pleasant,  and  the  building  should  compliment  the  character  of  neighboring  structures.           There  is  a  very  little  difference  that  unites  post-modernism  but  the  rejection  of  strict  modernism.  Post-modernism  represents  a  break-down  in  the  modernist  consensus  and  an  opening  of  the  door  to  different  approaches  to  design.  The hope  of   post-modernism  lies  in  the  sense  of  new  possibilities  combined  with  a  willingness  to  learn  from  past  architectural  achievements.  The  problem  is  that  it  might  become  a  self-enclosed  culture  of  competing  in-  groups  arguing  about  the  use  of  smart  historical  references  that  no  one  else  can  understand  or  even  see.  An  eye  to  publicity  and  self-  promotion  would  not  replace  fundamental  rethinking  of  the  relations  between  architecture  and  society  that  includes  the  community  and  the  users  of  the  buildings  as  a  vital  part  of  the  process  of  design. ( Modern Architecture,4)                                                          Basic  Facts           The  total  cost  of  construction  was  134  million  pounds.  The  construction  manager:  Schal,  a  division  of  Carillion  plc.  The  architects  were  Herzog  &  De  Meuron,  Jacques  Herzog,  Pierre  de  Meuron,  Harry  Gugger  and  Christine  Binswanger.  The  project  and  construction  date  was  from  1995  to  2000.  The  site  area:  3.43  Ha.  The  total  floor  area: 34, 500 square  meters.  The  Tate  Modern  has  a  special  exhibition  suite  of  1,300  m,  an  auditorium  that  seats  240  people,  2  cafes,  3  shops  of  500,  300,  and  150  square  meters,  a  member  room  of  150  square  meters,  offices  of  1,350  square  meters,  a  support  services  area  of  1,500  square  meters,  9  passenger  lifts,  4  are  for  public  use,  and  6  escalators.  The  building  was  constructed  out  of  4.2  million  bricks. The  structural  engineering  was  done  by  the  firm  of  Ove  Arup &  Partners.  The  land schaftsplanung  was  done  by  the  firm  Kienst  Vogt &  Partner.                                                                                       Description  of  the  building           Tate  Modern  is  made  from  a  brick-clad  steel  structure.  This  followed  the  structural  steel  framework  in  the  former  boiler  house  which  helped  create  the  seven  floors  and  effectively  form  a  new  building  within  the  walls  of  the  old.  In  May,  1998  the  steelwork  for  the  new  two-storey  glass  roof  structure  began  and  in  autumn  the  roof  of  the  turbine  hall  was  replaced.                                                                        The  Social  Context           Tate  Modern  stands  at  the  heart  of  London,  linked  to  St  Paul�s  Cathedral  by  the  New  Millennium  Footbridge.  The  Tate  Modern  was  awarded  the  Prime  Minister�s  Award  for  Better  Public  Building  in  2001.  The  judges  called  Tate  Modern  �ambitious  and  impressive.�  The  Prime  Minister  said:                �Tate  Modern  is  a  wonderful  building  which  has  helped  to  transform    southwark.  It  has  managed  to  achieve  that  difficult  balance  of  being  awe-      inspiring  while  still  being  welcoming  and  accessible.  It  is  an  excellent      example  of  public  building  at  its  very  best�.�                     However,  there  are  those  who  were  not  so  enthusiastic  about  Tate  Modern  and  have  a  different  opinion.  Project  for  Public  Spaces  the  building  gave  Tate  Modern  another  award:  the  Hall  of  Shame  award.  �Just  redeveloped  and  opened  in  2000,  this  is  one  of  the  most  aggravating  public  spaces  we  have  ever  been.�  The  writer  goes  on  to  say:           �  You  feel  so  manipulated  by  a  series  of  birch  allees  that             lead  nowhere.  It  seems  like  you  might  be  entering  a  giant             maze�.no  more  thought  was  given  to  this  space  than  the  most             minimal,  simplistic  idea.(City  commentary: London)           The  Tate  Modern  receives  millions  of  visitors  every  year,  and  it  is  certain  that  opinions  differ  on  the  building.  Two  people  can  look  at  the  same  building  and  see  different  things.  However,  the  comments  of  the  Prime  Minister  when  and  the  faceless  person  just  getting  a  grievance  off  their  chest,  one  see  more  then  a  differing  of  opinion. The  Minster�s  comments  deal  with  the  aesthetics�  of  the  building,  while  the  �everyman�  remarks  deals  with  the  practical  everyday  things  the  average  person  feels. Asking  why,  they  could  not  get  from  one  place  to  another  and  without  it  being  so  difficult.           The  best  building  try  to  integrate  the  practical  and  the  aesthetic.                                                                                                      Bibliography  1.  Eg.  archINFORM.  Tate  Gallery  Extension.  Online(5/ 16/2006)   http://www.archinform.net/projekte/3867.htm?ID=8a089c5844fa29b4e4f89de4f340a33.  2. Barker, Don.  15  October  2003.  Architecture  Week:  Design  Department.  Herzog  and  de  Meuron  Stirling  Prize. Online. 5/11/2006.  http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/1015/news_1-1. html   3. Bennett, J.A. Christopher  Wren:  astronomy  architecture, and the mathematical sciences. Hist. Astronom. 6(3) (1975) pg 149-148.   4. Bond,  Paul.  4  July  2000.  Tate  Modern: London�s new gallery  of  twentieth  century  modern  art.  World Socialist  Web  Site. (5/16/2006)  http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/jul2000/tate-jo4_prn.shtml.      5.  Easterling,  Keller  2005. Enduring  Innocence: global  architecture  and  its  political  masquerades.  The  MIT  Press,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.   6. [Eg: Emperois  Buildings.  (5/10/2006)http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=110676   7. Frampton, Kenneth. Harvard  Design. Number 23. Fall 2005/2006. The Work of Architecture  in  the Age  of  Commidification.   8. Eg: Herzog & de Meuron. 6 May 2006. Wikipedia, Free Encyclopedia. Online (5/16/2006. http:/en.wikipedia.org/Herzog& de Meuron     9.  Eg:  High-Tech Design. April 2006. Wikipedia, Free Encyclopedia. Online (5/11/2006).  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-tech-design.     10. Housing  +  Buildings:  Regulations  for  England  +Wales. (5/11/2006).  Online  http://www.est.org.uk/housingbuildings/regulations/englandandwales/architectsdevelopers      11.  Lubbock,  Jules.  1995.  The  Tyranny  of  Taste:  the  politics  of  Architecture  and  Design  in  Britain.  Paul  Mellon  Centre  for  British  Art  by  Yale  University  Press,  New  Haven  and  London.     12.[Eg. Online (5.12/2006)  http://www.arup.com/europe/whatwedo.cfm?languagied=1     13.  Eg  Modern  Architecture. Dec 1989.  Captives of Design:  A  history  of  architecture. New Internationalist  issue  202. (5/11/2006) http://www.newint.org/issue202/history. htm.      14.  Eg: New Urbanism. Wikipedia, Free  Encyclopedia.  Online (5/11/2006)  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New-urbanism-48k.     15.  Nobel,  Philip. (October 2000) �Herzog & de Meuron struggle with scale and circulation.� Metropolismag.com 5/15/2006.     16. Spector, Tom.  Harvard  Design  Number  23  Fall  2005/Winter 2006.  Does  Enforcement  of  Architects  Regulations  Protect  the  Public  Welfare?  Not  Enough.     17.  Eg.  Tate  Modern  Facts  and  Figures. Online  (5/16/2006) http:/www.tate.org.uk/modern/buildings/facts.htm.     18.   Tombes, Paolo. Harvard Design. Number 23 Fall 2005/Winter 2006. Iconic  Public  Buildings  as  Sites  of  Technological  Innovation.    19.  Eg  Urban  Design Guideline: Design Review in Urban Context, Design Review: Objectives. Online (5/12/2006)  http://www.denvergov.org/Urban_Design/template 38954.asp       20.  Woods,  Lebbeus.  1992,  Anarchitecture:  Architecture  is  a  Political  Act. (Architectural  Monographs No. 2.   Academy  Editions  imprint  of  Academy  Group  Ltd. 1992  U.S  of  America.  St.  Martin  Press.  New  York,  NY.     Read More
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