The Future of Global Aviation - Essay Example

Explain the future of Global Aviation – which includes regulation, economics and organizational entities involved. In modern conditions only medium and large (by world standards) carriers may be economically viable. Only they have the ability to acquire or take on lease a modern and efficient operation of equipment, contain (including training and periodic retraining) qualified personnel, introduce the latest technology. Marketing, e-booking and ticketing, the transport of goods, providing integrated services from door to door - all of these attributes are mandatory market participant airline of the XXI-th century, because only enough large companies. The criteria include the availability of viable modern airport base, access to national and international information network for passenger and freight traffic. The root of crises at the level of air carriers and aviation industry is fragmentation, one of the major weaknesses of airport management is a monopoly in the provision of services and ground service and refueling. Another problem, the complexity of current state of civil aviation and prospects of its development is the lack of transparent and economically viable national system of rates for airport fees and tariffs. The rates for airport fees and tariffs do not match the quality of services provided. In conjunction with practiced monopoly suppliers of kerosene in airports are extremely negative impact on the regularity and profitability of the airlines, often resulting in delays and the cancellation of flights, and sometimes for an end to the flights of individual carriers from any airport. International experience shows that the competition in the global airline industry, aviation industry and organization / management of air traffic can not develop completely independently and requires strong and coordinated support to the state. This calls for an early launch a comprehensive program of reform and greater coordination of the management industry in the new national project. Governments should adopt and consistently enforce the set-up that includes economic incentives and administrative practices aimed at consolidating the industry. This should set clear and transparent criteria under which these airlines should be enlarged. There should be the market of specialization airlines (as they enlarge) - domestic / international, local / long-haul, cargo / passenger transport. Such specialization should meet the needs of the population and the economy and meet the profile of the carriers(Baldwin, 1999). It is necessary to realize the strategy of building a national network of airports, combining ticks carrying passengers "Hubs", the optimum number of secondary airports and a network of routes, drawn up taking into account the actual flow of passengers and cargo. There is a need an early launch of a regulated exchange trading aviation kerosene, which includes the state commodity interventions aimed at stabilizing fuel prices at levels acceptable to the cost of air carriers. It should be set to subsidize the fuel costs of domestic airlines operating in the Unprofitable, but socially important domestic routes. Such a practice exists in several European countries where the proportion of the population live in remote areas. It is advisable as soon as possible to cancel import duties on equipment of foreign production imported, having no analogies in domestic industry. The State should define the range of aircraft, serial production which are economically feasible and may develop on the basis of national industry. This strategic choice should be supported by a comprehensive and adequate government support program production. It is, of course, must take into account the national carrier, other leading companies. There is a need of a program subsidizing the purchase / lease of new aircraft. Priority should be given to purchase up-to-date and competitive aviation domestic production, but in the absence of any market subsidy should be extended to everything. There is a need to develop and implement a transparent and unified nation-wide scale airport tariffs and charges, which would be consistent with the level and quality of services provided. The State should limit its role as an owner of property companies and airports in the capital involving airlines, performing socially significant (and subsidized) flights, and subsidized airports in remote locations. In the exclusive property of the State there must remain only runways and a national system for air traffic control. There is a need of a cohesive strategy to advance the airlines to foreign markets, with emphasis on suppression of internecine combat domestic carriers on international routes with each other. The chances for the withdrawal of civil aviation from the crisis are largely dependent on establishing a real dialogue between the government and business, which often have large resources expert. This potential is rarely draws TV industry to draft laws and other regulations and agreements with foreign states. This situation must be urgently corrected, and the first step toward the aviation business should do just the state. Without the establishment of effective management industry withdrawal of civil aviation, airport management and air traffic management system of a systemic crisis is possible. Many of the above events are subject to a number of federal programs and sub-departmental and inter-departmental programs and action plans. Their implementation, however, was unable to prevent the worsening of the situation in civil aviation and related industries with it. The main reason for the ineffectiveness of the measures is that policy decisions, including the establishment of legal frameworks, lagging behind the pace with which exacerbated long-standing crises and new. This, in turn, is largely due to fragmentation and numerous federal government authorities involved in the management of the industry, continuing blurred the scope of their responsibility and authority(Baldwin, 1999). Without a radical improvement of coordination and develop effective management industry withdrawal of civil aviation, airport management is impossible. There should be a national project for the development of civil aviation and aircraft. The aircraft of the future will be perhaps even more surprising creation and may be different from modern machines, even more so than those different from the first apparatus Wright brothers. To predict how significant these differences will be needed the ability to predict, inquisitive mind and even a little bit science fiction. The latest report of the European Space Agency noted that many technological advances in their time seemed something fantastic. Using feathers missiles to create aerodynamic stability (predicted in 1929), the use of satellites in geostationary orbits (1945) and the orbiting space station, using materials brought from Earth (1945) - all of these ideas once sounded absurd. And they were all implemented. Today, at least 32 countries are developing a total of more than 250 types of UAVs, and 80 - are already used by 41 country. Most of them perform intelligence tasks, but drones, moreover, will be the future of warfare. Undoubtedly, the development of UAVs, as the best field of aviation research, would affect the development of other sectors of aviation. Since UAVs are well played a role in various theaters of operation, the military interest to them has increased greatly. Over the past two years, American spending in this area rose from $ 300-400 million per year to more than $ 1 billion According to the companys Laurence Newcome, with a special website on UAVs, U.S. Department of Defense from 2002 to 2010. Plans to spend on development and the creation of drones $ 16 billion development program UAVs According to the U.S. Department of Defense, it is likely that by 2012 there will be unmanned vehicles the size of a F-16 fighter jets. They will be able to carry out various combat and support tasks, including suppression of enemy air defense systems and radio-electronic opposed the means of detection. The ultimate goal is to ensure the ability of America to use its military power in any remote area of the world without the need for a close air or endanger the lives of pilots(Baldwin, 1999). In the first phase to manage remotely piloted aircraft must be present at the pilots and a large quantity of equipment. Initially, these bases will be brightly lighted galleries resemble slot machines. Then the pilots will be able to manage their vehicles with the help of costumes connected to their neuro-muscular system. The pilot will be able to receive picture of the flight, along with sensors UAVs. And to the 2015-2020 biennium, With the growing power of on-board processor, UAVs are expected to become more self-reliant. Eventually this could lead to the emergence of entirely autonomous unmanned vehicles, and even groups of UAVs, talk with each other and acting as a combat unit. Already there is ongoing research to develop technology thousands of unmanned vehicles. By 2020, to assess the Pentagon, 1 / 3 of the U.S. Air Force combat aircraft will be robotic. It seems that the share of UAVs will have a large share of future military spending. And perhaps that the Joint Strike Fighter aircraft company Lockheed Martin will be in the decades ahead latest U.S. Air Force fighter new generation of manned man. But by 2100 the military pilots, people turn into the past. Because even if the pilots to equip exosceleton, which will allow them to move at 20 times the overloading, think and react, they will be slower than computers. It is likely that by 2030, UAV gain the ability to optimize its shape, making the transformation from one form to another, using a flexible and special "memory" form of material. By mid-century, perhaps UAVs are best for long flights form, will monitor the state border, transforming into a more agile military aircraft if necessary to intercept the violator. Perhaps they will be made of Self materials capable of detecting defects and stop leaks during the flight. Moreover, thanks to unmanned aircraft submarines will be able to obtain intelligence and troops they would deliver the equipment or injuries from dangerous or inaccessible areas, the UAV will use the vertical takeoff and landing. By 2020, projections of some analysts, UAVs will acquire the ability to refuel in the air, and by 2030 will be regularly used to transport troops(Baldwin, 1999). The smallest in the world UAV is currently the machine Black Widow length of 15 cm, equipped with a motor. It can stay in flight for 30 minutes and with the help of onboard cameras transmit to the ground in real-time color video. Many such devices are designed to perform tasks at close range when it is necessary to hold dangerous areas for exploration in the area of tactical warfare. Army future is likely to regularly use the devices the size of an insect, run manually. And soon these machines will have the ability to hover in one place that will allow them to maintain surveillance for weeks. Small UAVs can be used as sensors to target with causing exact air strikes, as well as to detect areas of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination. By 2100 unmanned vehicles that are likely to be less than the size of an ordinary. In addition, there is the concept of HyperSoar, supposed to establish a vehicle, flying to 10 times faster than the speed of sound and can reach any point on earth every 2 hours. In the apparatus there used hydrogen fuel, air-breathing engines with a rocket accelerators for the recovery of the upper layers of Earths atmosphere, where it will jump like a stone rolling on the surface. With the success of the project this aircraft, in addition, provide more affordable access to space. True, today HyperSoar - this is nothing more than an idea. Even if it is possible to develop unmanned prototype to passenger traffic at that speed is still very far away, and realized they would probably after a considerable time after the use of this technology in military programs. Despite the numerous ideas for supersonic flight, a serious design problem is the production of affordable engine, which was not too noisy during takeoff and landing. However, a strong noise can be reduced by modifying the form of aircraft (Baldwin, 1999). If passengers can not be given the opportunity to fly faster, then during the flight they need to create more comfort. By the end of the decade, the market appears 7E7 Dreamliner jet aircraft corporation Boeing. Due to the fact that the aircraft is made of new materials, pressure and humidity in the cabin will be close to normal. They vary depending on their destination. On one side of the scale there are large aircraft such as Airbus A 380, working on the most popular tracks. Subsequent models probably double the number of transported passengers until 1000. On the other side of the scale there are the intelligence apparatus the size of a fly. In the next century, mankind finally ovladeet air and the pilots will make the profession almost unnecessary. With such bright prospects of development of aviation to humanity is to search for drugs from Jet Lag with perelete a few time zones. References Baldwin Rod , Developing the Future Aviation System, Ashgate Publishing, 1999 De Leeuw Hendrik , Conquest of the air: The history and future of aviation, Vantage Press; 1st edition, 1959 Read More