Origins of Blood Types - Assignment Example

In 1900, Karl Landsteiner made a discovery. According to him, some blood transfusions are successful while others are dangerous missions. Landsteiner also discovered particularly the ABO blood group by mixing some of his cells and mature serum in every one of their staff.

He also proved that some people’s red blood cells agglutinated. Landsteiner also came up with 3 new ways of thinking and identified the existence of 3 kinds of cells A, B, as well as C (Daniels, 2013). Thus, the determinant gene of ABO blood type for instance is found on chromosome 9 and is referred to as glycosyltransferase. In addition, the ABO locus is made of 3 key allelic kinds: A, B, and O as discussed above and every one of them was responsible for the production of its glycoprotein better known as antigens which are always found in the blood cells of an individual and thus their ABO blood group.

Therefore the A, as well as B blood types, are due to various antigens (they provoke immune responses) on the red blood cells’ surface. The production of antigens is usually under the DNA. Thus antigens emanate from a red blood cell surface precursor known as H substance-common to A, B as well as O. Placement of N-acetylgalactosesamine results in type A enzyme which is transferase on the H kind of substance. The attachment of galactose to H by group B transferase resulted in the formation of group B (Daniels, 2013).

On the other hand, type O comes about from a basic joint mutation that adversely destroyed or reduced the potential of Type A transferase to attach the mandatory N-acetylgalactosesamine to H substance. As studies have shown on monkeys, human blood types are very archaic genetic indicators that have been evolving for several million years ago. Based on the primary races thesis hypothesis. In addition, it has always been held that the 3 main races of man, Europe blood group A, Asian blood type B, and eventually blood group O in South America.

These 3 groups have been emerging gradually because of the mixing and migration of the races leading to the current situation (Daniels, 2013). Another postulation about the origin of blood types is that the emergence of every blood group A and b as well as their subgroups was a result of successive mutations, from a primary and widespread blood type, which lies in the O group, having been branched over 100 millions of years. Thus, this postulation claims that all bloody types resulted from consecutive mutations, from the O blood type (Daniels, 2013).