Materials, Heat Loss and Demand of Electricity - Report Example

Materials, Heat loss and demand of electricity Student’s Name College Instructor’s Name Course Name: Introduction In the construction of Eco School, materials that are used are very important and this has to be known before the actual construction begins. This will need to calculated and their quantities shown. When the building is complete it will use power some of it which will be lost to the environment. This will call for calculation of power needs for the school as well as heat loss. This paper intends to show the quantity and quality of materials of materials that will be used, the amount of power needed as well as the heat loss when the building is complete. Materials for constructing the school and sport centre To begin with the materials which will be used in the construction of Eco School will be outsourced locally. These materials are as follows; Roof- the roof will require a lot of materials consisting slab, steel, cement, coarse gravel, sand, bitumen ceramic tiles and stone chippings. These materials are highlighted below. Materials units quantity Cement bags 800 bags Sand tonnes 10 Stone chippings tonnes 8 Stone blast tonnes 4 Polythene sheet Metres squire 1250 Steel bars -y16 kg 3000 Steel bar –y12 Kg 2000 Ceramic tiles Metre squire 250 Binding wire kg 1500 Wall- the construction of a wall will require a lot of materials like bricks, and 20mm thick cement mixed at ratio of 1:4. The layer of the blaster will be 2cm thick and the wall have thermal and moisture protection through the of water proof materials. The walls of the eco school and the gym will be as follows; population Number of units m2 per unit Wall sides length by width External walls perimeter(m) kitchen 1 3.5m x 4m 11m Large classroom 25 6 25 7x 4 meter 14m Medium classroom 20 3 20 6m x 4m 12m computer room 20 1 20 7.2m x 4m 14.4m Small classroom 18 5 18 5m x 4m 10m Gym 15m x 4m 34 Total external wall length 95.4 Less centreline length adjustment = 0.26m wide wall x (+ 16 ext. – 1 int. corner) 3.9 Total centre line wall length 91.5 The amount of bricks made out of the cement that will be required below the ground in a form of foundation will be centre line x average wall height which is 91.5 x 2m = 183m2. The amount of bricks that will be required above the ground of ground floor will be Brick area = centre line x wall height = 91.5 x 2.45 = 224.175 m2 Common area brick = centre line x height = 91.5 x 2.55 = 233.325m2 There will be windows for each classroom and these windows will have the following dimensions. units size m2 Kitchen- door 1 0.9x 2.1 1.89 kitchen -Windows 1 0.6 x 0.8 0.48 Large classroom - window 12 1.20x0.60 13.04 Large classroom – door 6 2.1 x 0.9 11.34 Medium classroom - -door 3 2.1x 0.90 5.67 Medium classroom-window 6 1.2 x 0.9 6.48 computer room-door 1 2.1x 0.90 1.89 computer room-window 1 0.9x1 0.9 Small classroom- window 10 0.90x1.00 9 Small classroom- door 5 2.1x 0.90 9.45 Gym- door 2 3.0 x 0.9 5.4 Gym - window 4 1.2 x 0.9 4.32 total 79.86 This means that the total area to be covered by the bricks will be reduced by 28.35 as shown below; The area to covered by bricks is = 224.175 m2 – 79.86 = 144.315m2 Total area for common bricks = 233.325m2 -0 = 233.325m2 The total number of bricks required will be calculated as follows Bricks required (144.315 + 233.325) x 50 = 18,882 Provision for wastage 6% =1,133 Total bricks =17,749 The following table summarises the amount of materials that are required in the construction of the walls of the buildings; Materials units quantity bricks 22,787 Cement bags 100 bags Sand tonnes 4 Wall pass kg 20kg chalk bags 5 waterproof kg 10 Column- the columns for the buildings will be constructed using y-16, cement, stone chippings, sand and gravel. The column will be measurement kg which will is the length and the weight of reinforcement bars, cement and structural steels. The concrete for cement will be reinforced as follows Description Unit Quantity 25MPa reinforced concrete edge beam m3 18 35 MPa reinforced concrete footing m3 28 Form work to slab m2 18 The following table summarises the amount of materials that are required in the construction of the columns of the buildings; Materials units quantity Steel kg 2100 Cement bags 120 bags Sand tonnes 5 Stone chipping ton 3 Beam: The following table summarises the amount of materials that are required in the construction of the beams of the buildings; Materials units quantity Steel kg 2800 Cement bags 210 bags Sand tonnes 6 Stone chipping ton 3.5 Footing and foundation Materials units quantity Cement bags 400 bags Sand tonnes 6 Stone chippings tonnes 6 Stone blast tonnes 3 Polythene sheet Metres squire 800 Steel bars -y16 kg 2500 Steel bar –y12 Kg 400 Binding wire kg 750 Windows and doors Steel doors to fit structural opening size 900mm x 2100mm high: comprising of steel frames, openable solid sash: including all iron mongery and hardware: fixed to concrete or brick work: complete with all required painting and decoration: as Door type D1and as per Drawing. 16.   Steel doors to fit structural opening size 900mm x 3000mm high: comprising of steel frames, openable solid sash: including all iron mongery and hardware: fixed to concrete or brickwork: complete with all required painting and decoration. 2.00 Windows     Steel casement windows to fit structural opening size 600mm x 800mm high: comprising of steel frames, openable sash in filled with 1.5mm thick solid steel plate/sheet panel: including all iron mongery and hardware: fixed to concrete or brickwork: complete with all required painting and decoration 1.00   Steel casement windows to fit structural opening size 800mm x 800mm high: comprising of steel frames, openable sash in filled with 1.5mm thick solid steel plate/sheet panel: including all iron mongery and hardware: fixed to concrete or brickwork: complete with all required painting and decoration: 4.00   Steel casement windows to fit structural opening size 900mm x 1200mm high: comprising of steel frames, non-openable sash in filled with welded wire mesh and coffee mesh: including all iron mongery and hardware: fixed to concrete or brickwork: complete with all required painting and decoration. 12.00 Power demand The institution has six large classes, 3-medium classrooms, 5- small classrooms, a kitchen a gym and computer room. Each will have power different power consumption. The class room will use sockets and lighting while the kitchen will use a cooker , lighting and socket. The following table shows maximum demand of power per day. service load Volts Total Flc amps Demand diversity kilowatts lighting 40w x 10 18 x 100w 6 x 60w 230 2560W 11.13 0.75 1.92 cooking 7Kw cooker 230 14000 60.87 1 14 cooking 7.3 cooker 230 7300 31.74 0.80 5.840 sockets 32 amp x 4 230 37,720 164 1.50 56.58 20 amp x 4 230 18,400 80 0.60 11.04 13 amp x 18 230 53820 234 0.50 26.91 Water heaters Main circuit 230 3000 13.04 1 3 others 230 2000 8.7 0.75 2.25 Computer and other equipment Computers x8 230 2600 11.3 0.8 2.08 Printers x 3 230 780 3.39 0.8 0.624 Photo copiers x 2 230 520 2.26 0.8 0.416 Gym equipment 7kW 400 14000 60.87 0.6 8.4 TOTAL 133.06 Lighting - 75% of f.l.c. Heating and Power -100% f.l.c largest appliance 75% of remaining Cooking Appliances – 100% f.l.c largest appliance and 80% the other Gym equipment - 60% f.l.c all equipments Inst; water heaters – 100%largest and the other 75% Socket outlets –150% f.l.c. of largest circuit, second is 60% and 50% of other circuits Calculation for the heat loss and power demand as well Heat loss for a room is measured in watts and in the school we have the following rooms Heat loss for a room is measured in watts = Area * U-value * temperature difference area as calculated above U-value temperature difference Loss Windows and doors 79.86 2.0 25 3993W Wall 457.5 0.35 25 4,003.125W Total heat loss 5,420.625W References Augustin, S., 2009. Place Advantage: Applied Psychology for Interior Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Aubervy, J., 2008. House Building and best practices. London: Oxford Publishers. Copa, GH., 2000. Impact of new designs for the comprehensive high school. 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