The Different Design Treatments - Assignment Example

Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Introduction This method of construction, costing and planning informs the initial yet important briefing stage of both sketch and design stage. The basis is the working out on a cost per m2 of functional space or gross floor area. The methodology determines building cost per square estimations and which is mostly applied in calculation per unit. The methods applied are crucial in determining the various costs and construction for instance cost/bed in an accommodation or hospital situation. The commonly used for preliminary work and clients in house to be employed by designers, developers and valuers. The comparative and baseline estimation provides the average cost range to be applied for a larger selection of typical buildings. On the contrary the per square meter costs are suggested for application in only initial feasibilities cases. Such situation gives the base figure in the building valuations. However, there are cases where their application needs to be adjusted as defined in from the Building Elemental Costs. There is need to note that costing estimation figures are provided for a typical building which is the one in this evaluation. For instance, on a flat site adjustment must be developed for such factors as ground conditions, unusual shape, sloping sites, and other design considerations. Planning : The Local Authority Town Planning Scheme Permitted uses The sites allowed for recreation motels and hotels have specifications. Hotels and motels are multi-storey that can be two or one bedroom apartments. The can have lifts, fire sprinklers and provisions for a restaurant. Alarms should be present alongside ground floor with reception. The specifications are two or three star of over 148,500 units to over 213,000 units for three star. The area classified for golf course and tennis courts have drainage, chain wire fence and surface finish. The court should have a surface finish of sportgrass, rebound synpave, bituminous concrete or grass. Landscaping excludes reticulation around buildings constitutes top soiul and excludes the soil for large areas. Caravan parks should have basic standards with electric power, small office and parking. The medium standard also has the same office retail, barbecues and swimming pools. High standard have individual facilities, roads, parking and full services Plot ratio and Site cover : This measures up to 1107m2 and comprises a Superstructure where the building structure above floor level. This includes columns, floors, and beams. It also informs the construction of balustrades, stairs, handrails and landings. For the case of roof covering, roof framing, fascias, insulation roof. It should include drainage and eaves. It should include the external walls emanating from the substructure to roof besides the windows and external doors. For the case of windows, it demands external like fly screens and glazing. The internal and external doors go along with internal walls. For the case of finishes, walls demand a finish and decoration in the form of internal and external wall surfaces. Besides, floors needs finishes to upper floors and substructure including timber floors, skirtings, floor tiling and carpets. For the case of ceilings, there has to be a decoration and finishing for soffits, , openings, cornices and bulkheads. On the other hand, fittings need to fit out both fixed and built-in items like as mirrors, kitchen cupboards, cupboards, shelving, and vanity units. There is a provision for Special equipment defined in the contract. Again the services can include plumbing and inclusion of sanitary services and fixtures. These include cold and hot water. Mechanical form of ventilation and air conditioning demand electrical provision to provide power and light. The fittings and power outlets need a distribution board. In addition the provision for fire are pegged on safety equipment and fire extinguishing. Lastly, transportation requires escalators and lifts. Setbacks: The setback is the presence of different types of clay and absence of sand in areas like Perth. This makes it quite expensive for construction in areas that requires clay. Transportable buildings are usually of higher prices due to steel framing and support stumps. These prices are high as they include that of erection on fairground conditions. Car parking and landscaping The parking lot requires that two levels plus other excavations and structural costs should not have a roof over within the building. This includes lift service, ramps and mechanical ventilation. The parking of arcades excluding shop lifts, shops and lift entry lobbies. The underground parking requires reinforced construction using concrete like deck over, fire sprinklers, landscaping and minimal facilities. One level of has higher cost per square meter compared to two level parking. The open parking areas should have storm water drainage, bitumen paving, minimal lighting and landscaping. It accommodates from 2915 to 3075 cars. Parking stations of 2-3 storey requires minimal toilet facilities, ventilations and fire sprinklers and construction open sides. For ground plus one level, it can accommodate more than 14200 to 15900 cars. Ground plus two levels takes in more than 16500 cars in all the cities in Australia. Construction The site area is 1107m2 and the preliminaries need to allow a provisional Sum of $ 69,000. The earthworks met the specification as they have reference to a feature survey and site plan. The available services have located all existing service before to commencement which is advisory. The site boundaries have been located through engagement with a licensed Surveyor who re-established the boundaries. Clearing was done through removal of trees, roots, stumps and from building site. Roots and stumps were grubbed out from building area from a dimension of more than two meters. All the felled timber was carted away alongside any other rubbish and vegetable matter. Site preparation involved removal of topsoil to a depth of 180mm over the site which was deeper than the standard 150mm. The stockpile of sufficient topsoil were spread over landscape areas to a depth of 240 mm which was less than the advised 250mm. Excess top soil was removed from the site. Fill and cut was done and required floor levels. Clean sand was used as imported fill. For the case of spread and level, the compaction in the form of layers exceeded 300 mm. Trenches and all foundations were tested for minimum compaction. Tests were done using Perth Sand Penetrometer, but resulted in excess of the minimum 7/8 blows per 300 mm of fill as it gave 6/8 blows. Attached is a compaction certificate Concrete Work involved footings which were continuous strip footings to the centre wall and perimeter of building. The formwork was provided as needed though it was not necessary in foundations that are well compacted. The dimension of strip footings was given as seen in the foot plan below. The concrete were 26 MPa; 30; 80 higher than the 25 MPa. The floor slab had a monolithic finish. The slab thickness is as given in the drawings. The concrete is 25 MPa; 20; 80. There was a reinforcement using F72 Mesh. Moisture proof membrane is Polythene Black while termite treatment is Biflex below slab and perimeter. The Pre-cast Panels are a smooth off finish form. The panel thickness is 160 mm & 170mm according to the drawings. Concrete is 30 MPa; 20; 80 while reinforcement is F82 Mesh; 2Y2 Perimeter bars. Formwork is derived from shop drawings. The first floor is of Monolithic finish and the Slab thickness can be seen in the drawings. The concrete is of 25 MPa; 20; 80. Besides, reinforcement consists of F72 Mesh. The stairs and balustrades are according to the plan. Brickwork consists of face Brickwork with the supply and builds brickwork as indicated in the drawings. The brick type is vertical cored brick of size: 280x90x160. Mortar ration is 1:1:6 M3. Joints had a flush and color cream. The door frames were build in metal door frames as work progressed. The face brick is Midland Brick with Augusta Limestone Structural steel supplied and fabricated required an installation of structural steel roof frame as indicated in the on plans. The main roof structural components are of portal 310 UB40 and Z15016 Purlins @ AUD$1700 cent. The cross bracing 90x90x6 AUD$ requires a Skillion roof with U-beams 170 UB17. The Z purlins Z16017 @AUD$1700. The Midspan bridging is used to suit purlins. The metal work consists of metal door frames to all external and internal door openings. The roller doors to openings as indicated in the drawings and in relation to manufacturers specifications. The metal balustrades to first floor as indicated in the plans. The Aluminium windows, glazing and front doors are supplied and installed as indicated on drawings The Joiner and Cabinets require a Joiner that supplies and installs office doors, external exits and toilets. For internal fittings the standard flush is the hollow core doors as indicated in the plans. The externals are fire rated doors with a door of AUD$4,500. The cabinets are supplied and installed as indicated in the plans. There was an allowance for cabinets AUD $6,000. The ceilings to office came alongside other amenities and toilets as indicated in the plans. The cornices are made to toilets and office. Wall finishes are internal while the ceramic tiles are fixed to toilets. There was an allowance for tiling fixed using adhesives to brick walls and concrete. AUD$ 90/m2 was supplied and fixed. An allowance was given for waterproof rendered to brickwork to cover with ceramic tiles measuring AUD$18/m2. Roofing was supplied and installed with complete roofing as indicated in the plans. The roofing material is Trimdeck of 0.50 BMT ZA comprising all accessories. The safety wire mesh was made using R2 Foil Anticon roof insulation. Besides, translucent roof sheeting was done as indicated on plans. Roof plumbing was made of box gutters measuring 600x160x0.9. The rain water heads were made of downpipes and flashings The services were hydraulic Services including sinks, Toilets, and H&C water AUD $ 14,000. There was an allowance for two complete environmental Septic systems of commercial standard costing AUD$ 19,500. Others were electrical Services AUD $ 32,000, mechanical Services AUD $ 20,000 and fire Services AUD $ 5,500. In addition, painting was done through labor and materials supply to paint the surfaces below. External was done to walls to front elevation of building while internal involved ceilings to office, tea preparation area, and toilets. The concrete walls to toilets and office matched the brickwork. All the internal doors and fire escape doors were provided alongside all exposed metal balustrades. Site works consisted of bitumen paving which was supplied and installed for bitumen car parking, apron areas and driveway, as indicated in the site plan. Kerbing involved In-situ concrete barrier Kerbs with line marking provided for car bays. Lastly, drainage consisted of supplied and installed concrete drainage sumps as indicated in the site plan. The concrete sumps were given as 1500 mm x 1500 to 100 mm PVC pipes which are interconnected. The sumps in parking area and hardstand are Gatic galvanized grates which are supplied with traffic covers. The crossover involves all the local authority requirements. All concrete are of 100 mm; 20 MPa with mesh reinforcement. Landscaping was provided in the landscape areas as indicated in the landscape plan while the verge grassed area and landscaped areas were reticulated from mains supply. The contingency sum allowance was a contingency sum of AUD$ 75,000 Cost Estimation This was applied to the detailed design from sketch design stage. It is functioned out on costs of similar grouped elements and quantities abbreviated. This sketch design eased in the compilation of a more precise cost per square meter by way of adjustment and evaluation of the mean details of the various components of the foregoing common buildings. This reflected the given building being evaluated as in the principal variations from the common including the treatments of special façade. It affects the degree of floor finishes and the possibility of building services comprising of air-conditioning and lifts. For the case of comparative costs, the bill of quantities is applied for detailed design that involves working drawings. The method sets out pricing details to include all the components of construction. These were applied by the quantity Surveyor. The detailed rates were provided by facilitating a finer adjustment through foregoing fundamental figures by use of unit costs to a certain components. The different design treatments used are like interior finishes and facades. The costs were given are all-up estimating costs since they comprised of labor allowance and other minor items. Care was taken to cover all the sections necessary without reference to the detailed Prices section. Detailed prices gave a broad range of costs for certain items in all services and trades. The prices did not include labor allowance and other minor items. The technique of complementary rates of estimation was through comparative costs which were imperative in making due allowance for all the minor items listed. Calculations (As given below) Description Quant Unit Rate Total (1) Topsoil excavation to stockpile and a depth of 150mm EARTHWORKS AREA = 35.67 X 30.87 = 1107.41 m2 x 0.15 (depth of topsoil) = 34.35 m3 Area dimensions are obtained from sketch and used to determine the volume of fill: Floor area plus 2m strip; fill depth; compaction allowance Fill Area = 1107.41 m2 (similar to topsoil excavation) x (0.7 plus 0.15) = 170.56 m3 (NB: fill depth is 0.6 + the topsoil excavated amount of 0.15) Compaction Allowance shrinkage 15% 170.56m3 x 1.05 = 194.14 m3 34.35 194.14 m3 m3 $5 $22.00 $ 170.33 $4707 (2a) Determining the cost of floor slab and footings This is a unified cost for both the floor slab and footing provided at the rate per m2 Floor area divided into three sections: A =9.87 x 4.00= 39.32m2 B = 7.74 x 2.07 = 17.58 m2 C =8.31 x 5.00 = 41.14m2 TOTAL = 97.01m2 (2b) Determine cost of pad footings and carport floor Which is a unified cost of footings and slab Carport Area = 3.0m x 6.45m = 19.350 m2 97.01 19.35 m2 m2 $70 $50 $ 4800 $ 550 Determine cost of brickwork: (3a) Building Perimeter; height of wall; minus external openings Building Perimeter = 19.54 + 7.31 + 5.24 + 1.57 + 6.56 = 41.22m External face brickwork Area = P x Ht Area = 2.4 x 40.22 = 96.53 m2 minus external openings 21m2 (provided) = 77.53 m2 Brick Piers = (5 x 30 x 4)/40 = 15m2 (3b) Internal leaf cavity Area of wall + exclusive single wall of openings Brick wall internal perimeter given by External perimeter minus 8 (wall thickness) = 40.22m – 9 (0.27) = 36.06 m Inside perimeter wall Area = (40.06 x 3.4) minus openings ( 21m2) = 100.34 m2 provided internal single leaf walls length = 25m. Internal walls Area = 20 x3.4 = 60.4m2 Area of internal walls in Total = 100.34 + 60 = 160.34 m2 100.25 160.34 m2 m2 $125 $90 $9400 $11200 (4a)Determine ceilings area to be multiplied by composite rate Ceiling area is given by floor area minus area of perimeter double brick wall less internal walls area CA =90.01m2 – 40.22(0.27) – 20(0.13) CA =90.01 – 10.86 – 2.20 = 78.95 m2 (4b)Determine roof area plus eaves; use multiple roof pitch; use composite rate The dimension of roof beginning from the bottom LH corner are: 12.07; 17.87; 12.51; 19.24; 13.56; 15.63 Area of Flat Roof = (13.07 x 34.87) – (9.24 x 1.56) = 189.33m2 Area of Sloped Roof = 135 33 x 1.12 = 151.56 m2 189.65 151.56 m2 m2 $60 $190 $3759 $26700 (5) Determine internal wall plastering: provide allowance for internal leaf of external wall minus openings; allowance for internal walls both sides Double wall on the Inside walls of perimeter =100.34 m2 Internal walls = 48m2 though plastered on either sides = 123m2 Total plastering = 223.34m2 223.34 m2 $30 $ 6209 (6) Inclusive of Provisional Sum AUD $ 9000 Total Cost to lock-up stage $ 98700 Cost / m2 100.01 m2 $936 Summary The different design treatments used are like interior finishes and facades. The costs were given are all-up estimating costs since they comprised of labor allowance and other minor items. Care was taken to cover all the sections necessary without reference to the detailed Prices section. The area classified for golf course and tennis courts have drainage, chain wire fence and surface finish. The court should have a surface finish of sportgrass, rebound synpave, bituminous concrete or grass. Landscaping excludes reticulation around buildings constitutes top soiul and excludes the soil for large areas. Caravan parks should have basic standards with electric power, small office and parking. The medium standard also has the same office retail, barbecues and swimming pools. High standard have individual facilities, roads, parking and full services. Plot ratio and Site cover was used to measure up to 1107m2 and comprises a Superstructure where the building structure above floor level. This includes columns, floors, and beams. It also informs the construction of balustrades, stairs, handrails and landings. Addenda First floor plan First floor plan(2) Floor plans, Elevations Room layouts and details Works cited Barbara Jackson (2010). Construction Management Jumpstart (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley. 2010. Chris Hendrickson. What Is Construction Project Management?. PM Hut. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 2008. Clave David. International Construction Project Management. 3rd Forum. 26th/27 June 2003. Hammond, Bernard. Standards and criteria for accreditation of post-secondary construction education degree programs. American Council for Construction Management. Retrieved 2006-05-29. Halpin, Daniel. Construction Management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. Stagner, Steve. Design-Build and Alternative Project Delivery in Texas. Texas Council of Engineering Companies. Retrieved 18 October 2011. Read More