Incidence and aetiology of asthma in Australia: chemistry of suspected initiators - Essay Example

The trachea which is windpipe is the main structure which helps in breathing process. Any infection in respiratory organs can give rise to many illnesses like asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. According to (Kleinstreuer & Zhang, pg. 301-34.2009)” Basically, realistic respiratory segments include the nasal cavities, the oral airways, triple bifurcation of the bronchial tree, and alveolated ducts”. The other important components of respiratory system are bronchi, diaphragm, Respiration is done through the mouth, trachea, lungs and diaphragm.

One of the diseases which affect our respiratory system is asthma. In asthma the patient feel difficulty in breathing in asthma, the people are affected in the bronchial tube otherwise the airways. The people with asthma have inflammation in their airways. Their airways swell and produce thick mucus. The tightened muscles and mucus makes it difficult for air to move through which creates breathing and suffocation among patients. Asthmatic people are sensitive to dust and allergens. In his journal (Lewis,2006,pg.1688-1705) writes that “Patients with asthma undergo episodes of exaggerated bronchoconstriction in response to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli The main function of the respiratory system is to dispose the carbon di – oxide CO2 which is the unwanted gas by product of the metabolism with oxygen which is essential for metabolism.

The respiratory system is made up tissues and organs .The mechanism which co – ordinates and controls the varying needs of the body to acquire oxygen o2 and to dispose carbon dioxide co2 also works in modulation rate which will be expressed by V1 in a way designed to maintain normal levels of these gases. If there is variation in voluntary breathing system or neurological propelled changes in breathing the ventilation rate varies as controlled by respiratory system in accordance with the levels of CO2 and O2.

This system is dynamic and is known as chemical control system. According to (Batzel & Tran,2000,pg.45-79) “These two sensor sites are located a physical distance from the lungs which is the site at which CO2 and O2 levels can be altered by means of varying the ventilation rate”. During sleep involuntary cessation of breathing can happen (known as apnea) and the chemical control system is the only process which regulates it. The gases present in the air and blood is exchanged with the help of respiratory system.

This process happens in the alveoli. The conveyance of air to and from alveoli during respiration is performed by other structures of respiratory system. The alveoli are adversely and the respiratory process is adversely affected if there is contamination in the inhaled air or if there is viral or bacterial infection. The diseases appearing in the respiratory system has a common feature. The surface of the respiratory system can be regarded as a continuous membrane. As per ( Mead & Whittenberg ,1953, pg.779-796)“ In studies of the total respiratory system, i.e. the lungs and upper airway plus the surrounding thoracic and abdominal structures, inclusion of the respiratory musculature introduces a severe limitation, inasmuch as there exists no practical method of integrating the forces developed by the active muscles”.

To a certain extent the disease are categorized according to the portion of the continuous membrane affected and there is much distinction when it comes to the aetiology of the disease. One of the major