Chapter #10 - Assignment Example

According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections?According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections?1. 40%2. 11%3. 8%4. 20%5. 15%What type of nosocomail infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterization?1. Bacteremia2. Urinary tract3. Lower respiratory4. Cutaneous5. SurgicalHow might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?1. Health care workers being treated with antibiotic may pass the antibiotic on to the patient2.

Antibiotic can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment.3. Visitors currently being treated with antibiotics can pass them on to the patientWhy are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?1. Invasive procedures must use antibiotics.2. These procedures are carried out by health care workers, who carry resistant microbes.3. These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient. 4. Invasive procedures require long term hospital says, thereby increasing the number of visitors seen by the patient.

How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?1. Reduce the number of times visit a patient. 2. Limit the number of visitors who can see the patient3. Administer all medications orally instead of through injections4. Practice more stringent aseptic techniques.The number of reported cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the united states reached maximum during which period?1. 1979-19822. 1992-19943. 1997-20004. 2003-2006Treponema pallidum cannot be spread via fomites, because the bacterium 1.

Is so sensitive to drying that it cannot survive away from the body 2. Lives within the host cell, so it would never be found on a fomite.3. Adheres to fomites in such a way that it cannot be picked up without being destroyed4. Infects the fomites, causing them to become secondary hosts. Which of the following is a fomite?1. A hypodermic needle2. Droplets from a sneeze3. Pus4. Insects5. WaterWhich of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?1. Botulism2. Tuberculosis3. Measles4.

Common cold5. DiphtheriaA patient acquires an infection by touching a contaminated door handle. Which mode of transmission best describes this scenario?1. Vehicle transmission2. Direct contact transmission3. Droplet transmission4. Indirect contact transmissionA dog develops a diarrheal disease after drinking water from creek during a hike with his owner. Which of the following best describes this method of disease transmission?1. Vehicle transmission2. Vector transmission3. Contact transmission4.

There is not enough information to determine the mode of transmission.Plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. Which of the following best describes this mode of transmission?1. Direct contact transmission2. Indirect contact transmission3. Vector transmission4. Vehicle transmissionWhich of the following is an example of herd immunity?1. Brucellosis is no longer found in farm animals in the United States.2. If 70% of the population is immunized against polio, the disease will be essentially absent from the population.3. Federal law requires that all cattle not immune to anthrax be destroyed.4. All farm animals used for food must be immunized against all the common agents of disease that infect humans.

The number of people affected by a disease in a given period of time is called the__________1. Morbidity rate2. Cohort3. Notifiable infectious disease rate4. Mortality rateEpidemiology is defined as the study of 1. Where a disease occurs2. How a disease is transmitted3. When a disease occurs 4. Where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted.What is the role of epidemiology?1. To learn what diseases can be caused by respiratory pathogens2. To learn how to treat and prevent various diseases3.

To learn which organisms cause disease.4. To learn which medicines are effective at killing pathogens.A marked seasonality to a disease is often indicative of1. Certain modes of transmission2. The presence of carriers3. A zoonotic infection4. A seasonal reservoirWhich of the following is NOT a vector important in disease transmission?1. Formites2. Insects3. Ticks4. RodentsCholera and Ieptospirosis are diseases that are usually spread via which method of transmission?1. Droplet transmission2. Vehicle transmission3.

Mechanical transmission4. Biological transmissionThe most common organism assicated with urinary tract infections is hospitals is1. Escherichia Coli.2. Staphylococcus aureus3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa4. Candida albicansHe figure shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?1. A2. B3. C4. DWhich of the following definitions is incorrect?1. Endemic - a disease that is constantly present in a population2. Epidemic – a fraction of the population having a disease at a specific time3.

Pandemic – a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time.4. Sporadic – a disease that affects a population occasionally5. Incidence – number of new cases of a disease. Which of the following would be considered a fomite?1. An infected toy2. A tick3. A fly4. Contaminated waterWhich of the following would be considered a vector?1. A fly carrying disease from fecal matter to food2. Saliva that is transmitted between individuals during kissing3. Water droplets that come from a sneeze from an infected individual4.

Water containing bacteria from fecal matter.When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered1. Contact transmission2. Airborne transmission3. Waterborne transmission4. Vector transmissionWhich of the following is considered a major category of transmission of disease?1. Contact transmission2. Vehicle transmission3. Vector transmission4. Contact, vehicle, and vector transmissionWhich is an example of vehicle disease transmission?1. The bite of mosquito containing malaria2.

Touching a telephone with cold viruses on its surface3. The transmission of MRSA from skin to skin contact 4. The presence of Listeria on undercooked chicken served for dinnerDuring a 6-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii.

Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous 3 years.The situation is an example of1. Human reservoirs2. A vector3. A nonliving reservoir4. A zoonosis5. A focal infectionHospital and nursing home patients are susceptible to serious infections because 1. Many patients have low resistance to infectious diseases 2.

The use of antibiotics selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms3. Many diverse human reservoirs are present 4. All of the above.Which of the following is/are considered (a) direct contact infections(s)?1. Syphilis2. Gonorrhea3. Skin infectious4. All of the abovePotential candidates for biological warfare1. Are generally gram-negative rather than gram-positive2. Can be virtually and pathogenic bacterium or virus3. Are eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic 4. Must be genetically engineered to be effective.