Biology Essays

159; Flores, 2008, p. 1842; Dashdorj et al., 2005; Hauska, Schutz and Buttner, 2004). Basically, the thylakoid membranes has a signficant role to play when it comes to the physiological function of algae, cyanobactria, and plants (Vothknecht et al., 2011).

Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 History 5 Structure of a typical MFC 6 Designs of MFCs 7 Research on MFC devices 9 Research on higher yields with changes in the environment (getting more high yielding substrates/ changes in the environmental surroundings) 11 Discussion 13 Conclusion 14 References: 16 Abstract Due to the growing energy demands of a fast modernising world, it has become necessary to look for alternate sources of energy that are clean, renewable and available at low cost.

This paper will shed more light upon stem cells and how they have made a huge difference in the world that we live in. The advancement science and technology has made is incredible, there have been many advancements made in the field of stem cell research and the diseases which were incurable earlier have become curable only because of these advancements in the field of stem cell research.

The Molecular Mechanism That Make Staphylococcus Aureus Resistant To Antibiotics Name Student ID Course Tutor Date Introduction, An antibiotic is a substance that kills bacteria by disrupting a critical function, usually coded by a definite protein in the bacteria.

There are also other plasmodium species which cause malaria. These are plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax which are considered as less dangerous species. Malaria is spread by the female anopheles mosquito which while feeding on human blood injects its saliva into the body.

The 2007-2010 global financial recession was a culmination that emanated from inchoate financial policies that were being used to regulate banking, housing and monetary policies but ended up affecting the rest of the economy in the developed world. Eventually, the consequences of these policies would trickle down to the developing economies and the rest of the world.

This study integrates the relevant strategies applied by new entrants in the Indian mobile markets. This study establishes that, smaller firms are more flourishing than larger firms, and superior openness of the budding market have lower success (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010). Furthermore, other findings indicate that, the achievement is higher with superior control of entry mode, earlier entry and shorter cultural and monetary distance amid the home and the host nations.

The essay analyzes species genotype as to their genetic makeup for alleles. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the genotype of the three codons renders sheep susceptible or resistant to the scrapie is one of the types of diseases known as Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. DNA extraction and amplification will be done through PCR amplification.

Apoptosis Student Name Instructor Name Course University 21st December 2012 Apoptosis Apoptosis also defined as programmed cell death or physiological cell death that occurs as a result of a deliberate activation of the constituent genes, whose main function is to cause its own death.

Addison’s disease may occur in isolation or in combination with other autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity remains the chief cause of Addison’s disease in Europe and in Africa, although the incidence rates in Africa are low. The key immunological finding is the presence of autoantibodies against cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase, an enzyme in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroid hormones.

Comparisons of structures of annexin A5 orthologues derived form human, mouse, chick and rat have aided in the determination of conserved regulatory motifs as well as coding regions. Conversely, the functional active chains are yet to be characterized.

The author explains that beginning from the 1500’s, Portuguese settlers brought the cereal, along with some other New World crops in order to increase the food supply in Africa. At present efforts are being made in order to increase Africa’s annual local production and at the same time reduce their importation rates.

Research has shown that some of these genes that are only expressed in the testes are also expressed in other somatic cells when they become cancerous tumor cells. The cells in the testes often escape the cells of immune system, because of which they are protected from antibodies that are directed towards cancer-testis antigens.

The details of key terms will be discussed first, subsequently leading towards the description of relationship between homeostasis and nervous system. In addition to this details from practical work which is related to the subject are also included. Introduction Homeostasis is a relatively complex term which is used to describe the activity of neurons and other cells which are particularly excitable.

Kingdom Fungi is one of the five kingdoms that classify all the living organisms in this world. There are more than one million different species of fungi found on the planet. Fungi are found everywhere, from the dust in the air to the rocks present underwater.

The purpose of this study was to experiment the natural habitat of the cottontail rabbit. “Rabbits are generally active day or night year-round, but they tend to be most active during the first two to four hours after sunrise and before sunset,” Cottontail Rabbit, (1).

Abstract Influenza viruses as noted by Wilson and von Itzstein are exceptional in the manner in which they cause recurrent epidemics that varies in their severity (165). These viruses have in past cause global pandemics that results in respiratory infections affecting people of all ages including children.

Even though only just over a thousand people have died from Ebola since the virus was discovered, it is still considered one of the deadliest diseases in the world. This is because of the usual horrific experience someone goes through before dying of the disease. This paper will discuss the Ebola virus and its history.

CAUSES OF STOMACH ULCER Abstract Grasp the factors of stomach ulcer to improve the competency of appropriate medication is the matter of solicitude for a biomedical scientist, doctors and allied health officers. The attribute of silent killing until maturation, is the most threatening attribute of stomach ulcer.

A standard process of questioning and analysis is followed to obtain data to test a hypothesis or educated guess. Scientists all around the world follow this same procedure to test questions about natural phenomenon.

This study successfully examines the effect of insect infestation on nutrient and energy flux, there is a need to examine their effect on the magnitude and direction of the matter and energy flow in such an ecosystem. Further studies that consider population ecology while analyzing the nutrient and energy flow are also recommended.

According to the paper traditional herbalists and ethnobotanists have been in existence in various society since time immemorial. Pharmaceutical companies commonly tap into the wealth of knowledge that ethnobotanists and traditional herbalists have without compensating them adequately, only using this information to enrich themselves with gross disregard to property rights and common good.

Researchers have divided the causes of cancer into two: hereditary genetic causes and environmental causes (Kinzler & Vogelstein, 2002). Reproduction of cells is extremely a complex process which is strictly regulated by different classes of genes like tumor suppressor genes and ontogenesis.

Biodiversity Conservation Name Course: Instructor: Date: Abstract Biodiversity refers to the variety and assortment of various life forms in the environment. This includes the variety of plants and animals in various ecosystems including marine ecosystems, forest ecosystems as well as grasslands.

Gene therapy is a method of treating various acquired and genetic diseases with genes. This is an experimental technique and is done by inserting genetic material into the patient’s cells. In this form of treatment, the diseases are either treated or prevented by replacing abnormal genes, or by introducing the absent gene, or supplementing the defective gene.

Natural Selection (name) (school) The Discovery of the Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin Introduction Since the dawn of civilization, man has tried to explain his existence and the development of all living things. Various theories have been established by scholars and philosophers and these theories have established various explanations and schools of thought on the existence of man and of the universe.

Hence, its management is only in relation to its symptoms and separate signs, when and as they manifest. Due to the compromised immune systems of HIV-AIDS patients, they are very much vulnerable to opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, and similar infections.

Many people often confuse psoriasis with other common skin diseases. In other cases, the onset of the condition might be mild such that many people do not realize that they have the condition. As a result, several environmental and behavioral aspects trigger the condition and it becomes severe.

The disease gets the term yellow by causing yellowing of the eyes and skin related to liver damage (PHAC 2010, WHO 2011). It is a small virus that contains single-stranded RNA encapsulated by a lipid membrane (Robertson 1993) and can be rendered inactive by “lipid solvents (ether, chloroform), heat (56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes), and ultraviolet light” (Robertson 1993, p 1, 3).

Name of Student Name of Professor Course Name 23 July 2011 Hammerhead sharks Hammerhead sharks are unique among all elasmobranchs because of the presence of a laterally expanded and dorso-ventrally compressed head which looks somewhat like a flattened hammer.

Authors used as bases in this assertion the experiments done in the 1930s by British scientists which used female rats as objects of the study by injecting estrogen into pregnant rats.  The experiment yielded information that demonstrates physical deformities that are evident in its internal and external physiology. 

The interaction between sea otters, sea urchins and kelp forests has been studied as a model for the impact of predator-prey interactions on community ecology.Sea otters are keystone predators, whose presence has a far-reaching influence on the marine food web by affecting the populations of sea urchins, which indirectly affects the populations of kelp forests & other marine organisms.

..……...5 Treatment…………………………………………...……6 Harris Kamran Microbiology Review Paper 24 July 2011 Dengue: A Review Paper Etiology and Vector: The isolation and detection of the etiologic agent of the dengue fever has proven to be difficult and elusive due to several factors (Halstead, 1965).

Grass Growth in the Presence of Salt Introduction: This investigation is facilitated by the observation of the lack of grass growth approximately three inches from the driveway where salt is customarily spread during the winter months. In addition to the bald patches near the driveway, slow growth is noticed in the patches of lawn up to a foot away from the driveway.

But more than its wonderful taste, Mediterranean cooking is also one of the healthiest in the world, thanks to the plant-based ingredients used in most of its recipes. “Picture a plate full of fresh vegetables, tasty grains, and fish or beans prepared with olive oil and sprinklings of herbs, spices, cheeses, and nuts, accompanied by a glass of red wine and some hearty bread” (Harvard Medical School 1) and you get a full Mediterranean meal.

With advancements in molecular biology and genetics, man has acquired the power to change the genetic characteristics of living beings. GenEthics, was thus born, with controversies and ethical debates as to whether man can “play god”. Just because the technology exists, should it be used to alter nature?

Turritopsis nutricula (Immortal jellyfish) Phylogeny or the evolutionary relationships of Turritopsis nutricula is a subject that requires further research (Schuchert 315-369). The basic scientific classification is as follows: Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Cnidaria

The issue of finding the interconnecting species that can form a link between genetically and phenotypically distinct (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) and often contradicting organisms and which can offer an explanation for the development of one species from the other is the cornerstone of research and investigation in this field, and the discovery of such linking organisms in the study of specific species has lead to exciting theories about the development of those organisms.

Post Doctoral Research Proposal Novel Approaches in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Tackling the Incidence of CVD by Your name University Affiliations Date Novel Approaches in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Tackling the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a growing cause of concern globally, mainly due to sedentary lifestyle encouraged by technology.

If, however, there is a lack of oxygen in the organism, it resorts to fermentation in order to produce ATP, along with either ethanol or lactic acid. All throughout the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration enzymes are utilized. Enzymes catalyze reactions in different ways, and enzyme-substrate complexes are formed through a three-step mechanism.

Name Instructor’s Name Course Date A Research Essay that Explores Pesticide Use to Control Insect Infestation on a Grass Lawn and in a Farmer’s Field The most obvious benefit of pesticides depends on how and where it is being used, for instance, for economic purposes.

Atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque in the arteries, lead to heart attack. The blood vessels – veins, arteries and capillaries – differ in terms of both structure and function. The closed and open circulatory systems are then compared and contrasted, where particular importance is given to the fact that the closed system allows complete blood circulation.

According to Goodman, et al. (2011, ch. 2), pharmacokinetics divides this journey into the stages of absorption and distribution. The term ‘bioavailability’ refers to the fraction of the dose of the drug given that reaches its site of action. Various characteristics of the drug molecule, the method of administration of the drug used, the route of the drug before it reaches the target receptor, the interactions between the drug molecule and body tissues other than the target, and the nature of the organ where the target receptor is located, all affect the bioavailability.

The Phenomenon of Harmful Algal Blooms The Phenomena of Harmful Algal Blooms Introduction Thousands of species of microscopic algae is present in marine and fresh water, which becomes the nourishing source for millions of aquatic lives.

Numerous ways and means have been identified to reveal an individual’s genetic predisposition to diseases; however, this research report evaluates the potential consequences of doing this and the ethical implications of this practice. Awareness of the genetic predisposition to diseases will trigger the notion of taking proactive measures to ensure health safety in the public.

This knowledge has paved the way for the continuing development of drug therapy for cancer. Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world (Zhang et al., 2009). The annual incidence of this type of cancer is around 1.0 million, and every year approximately 500,000 people are estimated to die on account of colon cancer worldwide (Keighley, 2003; Weir et al., 2003).

Bottled water has a significant effect on the environment that is often underestimated. There is a trend towards drinking bottled water currently, with many people buying several bottles throughout the day. The idea is that this is either safer or healthier than water from the tap, which may be true in some cases.

This paper aims to provide information regarding the effects of caffeine on human body. Caffeine is a chemical compound most commonly associated with coffee even though substantial amounts of this chemical is present in other materials like tea, cold drinks and energy boosting drinks.

Born on October 17, 1930, Robert Atkins (Bowden, pp. 20-23) laid the foundation stone for a revolution in the field of diet and health science by publishing his book “Atkins Diet Revolution” in the year 1972. Since then, until the year 2003, until the death of Atkins, he published over 17 books but it was during the last years of his life that his diet plan received widespread recognition and following.

This analysis is based both on a positive and normative account of genetic engineering given throughout the course of his paper, and it culminates in the suggestion that humans have nothing to fear from the implementation of new genetic manipulation techniques.