Holiday Inn Preston - Assignment Example

Location: Holiday Inn Preston Name Institution Name Course Name and Code Date 1- Describe the place Hotel Inn is located in Preston area. It has a hotel that offers both food and accommodation. It is strategically located and many customers visit the region frequently meaning effective risk management strategies should be in place. In terms food, the food can contribute to fire incidents and other hazards when attributed to the preparation of the food. For example, the heating systems within the building including the air conditioning systems increase the risks of fire incidents. In addition, if there is absence of effective fire extinguishing systems, the threats are increased. The accommodation also brings together different customers with different knowledge and views on fire and hazardous situations. The structural integrity of the building including sprinklers and alarm systems are integrated into the safety and health situation of the hotel. Furthermore, the Holiday has numerous means to advance safety measures in the establishment. The appropriate strategy to improve engagement is ensuring the different stakeholders understand the significance of fire threats and implement measures to counter the threats. For example, provision of water hose reel and fire extinguishers is appropriate but the lack of skills and methods of application limits the effectiveness of the fire fighting techniques. Moreover, the presence of numerous technological equipment contributes and also inhibits fire incidents. Documenting and analysing these different threats is important in employing the right strategy is addressing any threat on the building. 2- Fire ticklist Incident/Situation Yes No Sources of Fuels Are there flammable materials? Y Is there are risk assessment plan? Y Sources of ignitions Are there loose electrical connections N Are people smoking N Are there hot surfaces N Are there chimneys N Sources of Oxygen Are the windows continually open? Y IS there air conditioning system? Y Means of escape Are there enough escape routes? Y Are the escape routes documented/indicated accordingly? Y Fire alarm and detection system Is there effective fire alarm system? Y Is the fire alarm system working appropriately? Y Maintenance and testing Are the fire extinguishers working well? Y Do the fire extinguishers have clear instruction of usage? Y Housekeeping and record keeping Are the employees informed on action on incidents of fire? Y Has the established planned the next fire drill? Y As there been any incident of fire in the last 12 months? Y 3- The ticklist mean or show The ticklist is used to determine the threats and control measures on a building. It enables the reviewer or user to tick appropriately risks and threats to the building. It is a list that enables the management to conduct assessment of the building and to determine whether the fire measures in place operate effectively. It also guides in decision making when it comes to fire related safety requirements 4- Pros/ cons of ticklist method The advantages of ticklist include easiness of use, it is difficult to forget some important information, it is routine in nature, and it addresses the important information of fire safety of a building. The shortcomings include subjective nature of the list, some information may not be collected appropriately because the answers are between yes and no. Therefore, the list should have an alternative option that provides descriptive information. 5- SWOT The following table summarizes the strengths, weaknesses of Holiday Inn while also addresses the opportunities and threats of the establishment: Strengths Presence of risk assessment plan Effective sprinkler systems Working fire alarm system Enough escape routes incase of incidents The different employees and staff understand their roles in address fire safety requirements Weaknesses The customers may not understand the requirements of safety and health within the building The alarm system and sprinkler system should be updated Lack of frequent fire drills Opportunities Upgrade the fire safety measures such as fire alarm system Engage different stakeholders Provide informative posters regarding fire safety Threats The government may change regulations on fire safety Different stakeholders may refuse to collaborate with Holiday Inn Changing climatic conditions that may affect the integrity of the establishment 6- The SWOT mean or show The SWOT is generally divided into two parts. The first part discusses strengths and weaknesses of the building based on the internal factors of the organization. The opportunities and threats review the external environment in influencing the organizational structure. Analysis the opportunities, for example, enables the established to strategize to capitalize on the opportunities to advance the requirements of the organization, and achieve identify milestones. 7- Pros/ cons of SWOT The advantages include promotion of discussion, provides a visual view of the establishment/organization, flexible, quick to create, and set clear objectives of strategic direction of the organization. The disadvantages include it is subjective and it limits the capability of validity, and lack of factor weighing to determine the appropriateness of certain strategies. For example, missing opportunity may affect the entirety of the establishment. 8- Fishbone diagram The following image summaries the Holiday Inn Preston situation: 9- Fishbone diagram mean or show Fishbone diagram also called cause and effect diagram presents a graphical display that illustrates the causes of a problem in business situation. It identifies the numerous causes or favourable contributing to a problem or situation. It enables generation of thought with associated desires and outcomes. 10- Pros/ cons of fishbone diagram The advantages are display of relationships, helping maintain team focus, facilitating brainstorming, and showing all causes simultaneously. It also presents a visual image of the situation and provides idea on areas that requires further improvement. The disadvantages include it is not appropriate for complex problems or situations, and it is too simplistic. 11- Bowtie diagram The following image summaries the components of Bowtie relative to the Holiday Inn establishment 12- Bowtie diagram mean or show Bowtie diagram presences the causes, associated controls, and consequences of the action. For example, the incident of fire may be attributed to numerous causes including lack of maintenance and the consequences may include death and disruption of business operations. The diagram presents a clear identification of causes of the problems and sometimes indicates the measures, which may be employed to address the problem. 13- Pros/ cons of Bowtie diagram The advantages of the Bowtie diagram provide a single view of understanding the causes and consequences of incidents. It reviews and analyses numerous factors that affects the credibility of a building or strategy. It also allows collaboration, and causes can be linked directly with consequences. The disadvantages include lack of weighing the numerous causes and consequences, and the subjective nature of the process. 14- Risk ranking from ticklist The aspect of high means that the risk of the incident occurring will have a high impact. Low is the risk occurring will have minimal impact while moderate is when the risk is average Incident/Situation Nature of risk Sources of Fuels Are there flammable materials? High Is there are risk assessment plan? Moderate Sources of ignitions Are there loose electrical connections Low Are people smoking Low Are there hot surfaces Low Are there chimneys Low Sources of Oxygen Are the windows continually open? Low Is there air conditioning system? Low Means of escape Are there enough escape routes? Low Are the escape routes documented/indicated accordingly? Low Fire alarm and detection system Is there effective fire alarm system? High Is the fire alarm system working appropriately? High Maintenance and testing Are the fire extinguishers working well? Moderate Do the fire extinguishers have clear instruction of usage? Moderate Housekeeping and record keeping Are the employees informed on action on incidents of fire? Low Has the established planned the next fire drill? Low As there been any incident of fire in the last 12 months? Low 15- Risk ranking mean or show The risk ranking approach aims to indicate the nature of the risk and the extent or impact of the risk on the entire building. It identifies the risks and defines the impact of the risk towards the entire building. It highlights some of the factors contributing to the risks. In ranking the risks, it is possible to develop framework and structures to address the challenges and complications associated with the risks. 16- Pros/ cons of risk ranking The use of risk ranking is advantageous because it issues the tick-list to determine the severity of the risk. It is also premised on previously collected information including industrial data. The shortcoming includes basing decisions on previous circumstances; for example, the impact of the fire. The use of previous details is subjective and also the ranking may be biased. 17- FMEA Failure Modes Effects Analysis Assessor: Date: Holiday Inn Preston Item Function Failure Mode Losses Cause or trigger Safeguards/prevention/detection Assessment Recommended Action Responsibility and Target Completion Date Residual Frequency Severity Detection RPN Frequency Severity Detection RPN  1. Fire engine  Not functioning well  Destruction    Frequent maintenance  1  8  9  72  Frequent maintenance  Operation management and management  1  6  3  18  2.  Sprinkler system  Lack of enough water   Destruction    Frequent maintenance  1  6  7  42  Frequent maintenance  Operation management and management  1  8  4  32  3. Electric generator  Sparks and electrical shocks  Lack of identification of risks    Maintenance  1  6  8  48  Frequent review of risks  Management of the facility  1  7  6  42 18- FMEA means or show FMRA is a proactive method that is used to evaluate a process that might contribute to fail and enable analyzing of different failures and impact of the failures. It also enables identification of numerous processes, which may be implemented to address the problem. Therefore, FMEA enables assessment of numerous processes/failures, which contributes to failure of effective operation of the premise and related consequences. It also balances the threats with the consequence of the incident. 19- Pros/ cons of FMEA method It is a detailed and structured approach that employs bottom up approach, focuses on numerous processes, encourage collaboration and collective nature of information, encourage effective communication, and reduce failures. The shortcomings are time consuming, assumes problems are single event, requires cooperation and communication, requires experts, and contribution of human error may affect the entire integrity of the method. 20- Fault tree The following is the fault tree diagram for fire incident. Fire will occur provided one of the three components is available. For example, the presence of fuel leak doubled with the presence of ignition results in fire occurring. 21- Fault tree mean or show Through the use of Boolean logic, it is possible to combine numerous lower level events and with the help of deductive analysis, the consequence is identified. The fault tree is premised on the understanding that numerous processes and events may come together resulting in occurrence of safety incident. Therefore, it enables documenting the numerous effects and their respective relations in occurrence of the hazard. 22- Pros/ cons of fault tree The advantages of fault trees include identification of failures and measures, highlighting the critical components, creation of visual aid to understand the situation, and provide effective way of analysis of situation, and analyses interaction based on the numerous processes. The limitations include the size of the fault tree can become larger depending on the complexity of the situation, effectiveness is dependent on analyst skills, it takes time, effort, and also costly. 23- Reliability block diagram The following diagram presents reliability block diagram of Holiday Inn Preston 24- Reliability blocks diagram mean or show The reliability block diagram is a visual method that is used to show reliabilityvariables that contributes to the failure or success of a complex system. It is created through connecting configuration in terms of series and parallel. Each of the blocks identifies a component of the system that contributes to failure or success. The parallel aspect requires all the factors to collapse so that a failure occurs while in series, a single component may contribute to general failure of the system. 25- Pros/ cons of reliability block diagram method The advantages of reliability block diagram include illustration of system problems contributing to the problem, visual presentation of the problem, and identify the links and association of problems. The disadvantages include the requirement of analysts to determine the influence of processes, some information may not be incorporated because the more the information, the complex the situation becomes, and it is costly, needs a lot of resource and requires more time. 26- Event tree 27- Event tree mean or show The event tree is a logical modelling technique that incorporates forward and bottom up approach to illustrate both the failure and success. It starts with identification of a single event and layout the processes and events resulting in possibilities of overall and outcomes systems analysis. It addresses the failed systems indentifies the failures, and address the significant consequences of the failure. 28- Pros/ cons of event tree method The advantages include permitting probability of assessment, the operation can be computerized, displaying of ineffective countermeasures can be identified, functions simultaneously with other functions, and enables assessment of multiple faults. The disadvantages of the method are overlooking system differences, partial failures or success are not distinguishingwell, requirement of analysts to indentify pathways, analyses a single event at a time, and further analysis is required to address the consequences of each stage. 29- Cost benefits analysis (CBA) Installation of Sprinkler System The stakeholders of the project include A1 The contractor to install the system A2 The customers A3 The management of the building The following section categories the different costs and benefits B1 Safety B2 Money B3 Time The following are some of the strategies to be considered in addressing the requirements of sprinkler system C1 Developing a system that addresses the entire safety requirements C2 Targeting specific areas of the building C3 Utilize a general approach to develop the sprinkler system C4 Customize the sprinkler system depending on the requirements of the building Key: Cost scale: Benefit 0 none 0 - Negligible + -- Significant ++ --- Critical +++ Strategy Group Cost/Benefit C1 General safety requirements C2 Targeting specific areas of the building C3 Employ general approach to implement the sprinkler system C4 Customise the sprinkler system depending on the requirements of the building A1 Visitors B1 safety +++ ++ +++ ++ B2 money --- ++ +++ + B3 time --- ++ +++ + A2 The customers B1 safety + + + + B2 money 0 0 ++ + B3 time 0 0 + + A3 Staffs B1 safety +++ ++ +++ +++ B2 money +++ ++ +++ +++ B3 time +++ ++ +++ +++ C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 The visitors -2 7 11 6 0 The customers 3 2 7 5 -3 The staffs 12 8 12 12 0 Total 22 25 35 31 -3 30- Benefit analysis (CBA) mean or show Cost benefit analysis estimates and sum the benefits of a project in terms of monetary value or alternative mechanisms of quantification can be employed. It aims to document the benefits of a project relative to costs incurred. If the costs are higher than the benefits, the implementation of the project is not recommended. However, when the benefits are higher than the cost, the project may be implemented. Concerns, however, exist when it comes to human life and placing a monetary value when it comes to human life. 31- Pros/ cons of benefit analysis (CBA) method The advantages include identification of the benefits versus costs that enables appropriate allocation of resources, it defines alternative course of strategic actions, incorporates numerous fundamentals in arriving at conclusion, and understanding the larger picture before undertaking any strategic action. The disadvantages include potential inaccuracies when defining the benefits and costs, subjectivity when ity comes to intangible components and difficulties in presentation of values. 32- Budget allocation analysis Incident/Situation Nature of risk Likelihood Severity Risk calculation Are there flammable materials? High 5 3 15 Is there are risk assessment plan? Moderate 4 6 24 Are there loose electrical connections Low 3 2 6 Are people smoking Low 4 4 16 Are there hot surfaces Low 6 5 30 Are there chimneys Low 3 2 6 Are the windows continually open? Low 2 5 10 Is there air conditioning system? Low 2 4 8 Are there enough escape routes? Low 6 3 18 Are the escape routes documented/indicated accordingly? Low 3 9 27 Is there effective fire alarm system? High 1 6 6 Is the fire alarm system working appropriately? High 2 2 4 Are the fire extinguishers working well? Moderate 4 5 20 Do the fire extinguishers have clear instruction of usage? Moderate 5 6 30 Are the employees informed on action on incidents of fire? Low 6 2 12 Has the established planned the next fire drill? Low 2 5 10 As there been any incident of fire in the last 12 months? Low 3 8 24   Total     266 Total hazards are 266 Total budget for the hazards £10,000 The cost for a single hazard The following summaries the cost for each situation/incident Incident/Situation Nature of risk Likelihood Severity Risk calculation Cost per risk Cost per incident Are there flammable materials? High 5 3 15 37.59 563.85 Is there are risk assessment plan? Moderate 4 6 24 37.59 902.16 Are there loose electrical connections Low 3 2 6 37.59 225.54 Are people smoking Low 4 4 16 37.59 601.44 Are there hot surfaces Low 6 5 30 37.59 1127.7 Are there chimneys Low 3 2 6 37.59 225.54 Are the windows continually open? Low 2 5 10 37.59 375.9 Is there air conditioning system? Low 2 4 8 37.59 300.72 Are there enough escape routes? Low 6 3 18 37.59 676.62 Are the escape routes documented/indicated accordingly? Low 3 9 27 37.59 1014.93 Is there effective fire alarm system? High 1 6 6 37.59 225.54 Is the fire alarm system working appropriately? High 2 2 4 37.59 150.36 Are the fire extinguishers working well? Moderate 4 5 20 37.59 751.8 Do the fire extinguishers have clear instruction of usage? Moderate 5 6 30 37.59 1127.7 Are the employees informed on action on incidents of fire? Low 6 2 12 37.59 451.08 Has the established planned the next fire drill? Low 2 5 10 37.59 375.9 As there been any incident of fire in the last 12 months? Low 3 8 24 37.59 902.16   Total     266   9998.94 33- Comparison of all methods The applications of the methods are similar across the divide. Each of the method weighs between the threats and significance of the threats to the integrity of the project (Cheng et al., 2009). For example, SWOT analysis identifies the strengths of the project while the same tool addresses the weaknesses (Kondo et al. 2009). It enables the implementations of the project to weigh between numerous processes. In addition, tools such as event tree and fault tree elaborate on systematic problems or issues that affect the project. The methods also complement each other in understanding the problems. A single method should not be employed but numerous methods should be used to review a single project (Cheng et al., 2009). The reliability block diagram and event tree work in a similar manner in determining the direction of the problem and attached outcome (Kondo et al. 2009). Understanding the sequence of the problem is important into determining the appropriate strategy. Understanding of the threats and challenges also informs on the appropriate method that should be employed (Cheng et al., 2009). 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