Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pumps In Liquid Equipments - Report Example

ENS4152 Project Development Proposal and Risk Assessment Report ROTO DYNAMIC CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN LIQUID EQUIPMENTS Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date of Submission: Abstract Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment use the rotational kinetic energy to ensure flow of the liquids. The working principle of the centrifugal pump is perceived in that the impeller accelerates the rotating axis controlling the fluid in the pump. The centrifugal pumps are considered as the best Roto dynamic pumps that are mainly used for huge discharges. Thus, evaluating the efficiency related to the centrifugal pumps when dealing with liquid equipment is an important factor. The proposal proposes to research on the working principles of the centrifugal pumps, factors involved in developing the pump and other details that influence the efficiency/performance of the pumps. ROTO DYNAMIC CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN LIQUID EQUIPMENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation Centrifugal pumps are basically known for converting the input power to kinetic power through the liquid in an impeller. The input power is changed to kinetic power as explained in the Bernoulli Equation. The transferred energy to the liquids corresponds to the vane or edge of the impellers velocity. Thus, the faster the impeller revolves the higher the liquid velocity transferred to the liquid. According to the laws of affinity, the centrifugal pumps show the volume capacity, pressure and the consumed power by the pump. The power consumption may be related to either the alteration of the speed of the wheel, which is calculated in rpm. It can also be caused by an impellers change of the diameter (Larry & Angle, 2003). That is; the bigger the diameter the more power sent to the liquid. A Roto dynamic pump occurs as a kinetic machine whose power is imparted continuously through the liquid pumped by impeller revolution. Roto dynamic pumps include the centrifugal pumps, mixed and axial pumps. Thus, the report is focused on the centrifugal pumps, which are the most commonly used, they have a history of reliable and safe operation. The report proposes to evaluate the efficiency and operation of the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment’s by participating in the development of a Roto dynamic centrifugal that can be used in the oil industry specifically (Nesbitt, 2006). The efficiency of the pump system is affected by factors such as the process and application factors. The installation of the pumps plays a significant role in ensuring the performance and efficiency of the systems is attained. The sizing of systems such as the motors, when sized appropriately ensure the systems can cope the maximum liquid flow that may occur. The control of the flow is attained through the speed regulation, which varies the positive displacement and Roto Dynamic pumps outputs. Thus, it will be important to understand how varying speed is important to the operations of the centrifugal pumps (BPMA, 2005). The motor speeds are important and can be increased or reduced. The base speed drops when the inverter does not have the capacity to increase the voltage output the motor may be under fluxed. Therefore, the motor is an important factor that will be analyzed in detail to the performance and efficiency of the pumps hen dealing with liquid equipment (Girdhar & Moniz, 2005). Size and speed of the motor affect the level of noise that a motor produces. The speed of the pumps is applied to the affinity laws. The pumps are driven directly to the impeller as the shaft that is sealed by the gland packing and other mechanical seal with a pump casing. The magnetically driven pumps are not very reliable since the loss of the magnetic power. The hydraulic power of the centrifugal pumps is reliant on the affinity laws, which are given as P2 = P1 * (RPM2/RPM1)3. The magnetic power of the pumps also follows a physical law, which is depicted as M2 = M1 * (RPM2 / RPM1)2. The total power of the pumps is then given by hydraulic power (p) + the magnetic losses (M) (Girdhar & Moniz, 2005). Centrifugal pumps are the simplest forms of pumps, yet most widely used in all industries. The pumps have a high rate of efficiency, which guarantees their usage in other fields. The centrifugal pumps have a wide range of capacity and ease of maintenance and operation. The proposal suggests focusing in detail on the application and principles of the pumps. The process also applies the construction of the pump. The design and construction of centrifugal pumps uses similar basic components in the development (Saylor, 2011). Thus, in understanding the design and construction of the centrifugal pumps, one gains basic knowledge on the development of other pumps. Thus, the research will presents the details and components that are used in the development of the centrifugal pumps including the centrifugal pumps forces. 1.2. Objectives The main objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency and operation of the Roto dynamic equipment’s. That is; the research will include evaluating the factors that influence the necessity of a centrifugal pump in the industry, the power needed to operate one of the pumps and lead to efficiency in the industry. The report proposes to evaluate the need and use of centrifugal pumps in the oil industry through meeting the following objectives. 1. A literature review study will be conducted to understand laws that influence the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquids. It will then be included on evaluating how the laws influence the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps (RDCP) in the oil industry. The literature review will focus on the laws of affinity, which are the main laws that can describe the operations of the centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment. 2. Another section also involves the literature and practical evaluation of the operations of the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps. It involves understanding how power is transferred through the liquids to force the rotation of the impeller. The study all includes evaluating and participation in the RDCP development. It will help understand the energy transfer of the kinetic power to the liquid. The energy transfer process presents a mechanical principle that governs the transfer process, which propels the impeller (Ydidah, 2012). More importantly, the research will present how the liquid equipment are classified based on their operations. Thus, the objective is related on presenting the Roto Dynamic centrifugal pump working principle theoretically and practically. 3. This objective involves evaluating the efficiency of the Roto dynamic centrifugal pump in liquid equipment. It will be completed once the development of the pump has been finished and its performance is analyzed. This part will evaluate all factors that guarantee the efficiency of the Roto Dynamic Centrifugal pumps when dealing with liquid equipment. 4. The report also helps determine the main Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps problems. The problems analyzed practically and theoretically. That is; through the development of the pump some of the possible problems will be perceived and analyzed (Anderson, 1994). Additionally, the literature review will also present the most commonly identified problems when dealing with the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment’s. 1.3. Significance Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps are considered as fluid machines as well that convert the stored energy into mechanical energy. Stored energy is perceived through kinetic, intermolecular and potential energy, while mechanical energy is transferred to the impeller. Thus, the significance of the research is based on understanding the working principals of the centrifugal pumps, which leads to the pumps been relied upon for huge discharges in smaller heads. The research will help understand how a large quality of liquid can be efficiently created using the advanced pressures of the centrifugal pumps. That is; the research helps understand how size and speed of the centrifugal pumps influences the efficiency of the pump in ensuring the performance is high (Friedrich, 2010). Currently, the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps are used in numerous industries, the report helps understand the efficiency and performance of the pumps. The research will also help understand some of the problems that should be expected and how to deal with them, to eliminate chances of inefficiency. The research is significant in that it will presents the standards that must be met when developing, using and maintaining the centrifugal pumps such as the sealness, regenerative turbine pumps, the set up and the most important performance tests. Thus, the research will agree or disagree with the perception that the Roto Dynamic centrifugal pumps are the most used pumps that ensure highest safety levels and reliability in all industries including those dealing with huge volumes of liquids (Study Guide, 2015). 2. Proposed Approach The project will include completing a number of tasks as presented in the objectives of the research. The approach proposed begins with a literature review research that helps understand the basics of the Roto Dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment’s, which helps one understand the practical working principles of the pumps. The literature review will be important in understanding the characteristics of the centrifugal pumps as hydraulic systems. That is; the literature will help understand the curves of the system, and at what point the systems operates. Thus, during the development of the system, one will understand practically the curve factors and roles in ensuring the operation of the pumps. More importantly, the literature review will focus on reviewing the performance and principles of the RDCP. It will present the manner in which speed affects the operation and efficiency of the pumps. Speed is considered an important factor in the development and operation of the Roto dynamic pumps. The varying speed of the pumps controls the performance of the pump, which will be presented effectively. The proposal also will include an analysis on the need of the varying speed performances, to guarantee it meets the demand. The varying speed of the Roto Dynamic Centrifugal pumps is presented and controlled through the start and stop valves. The valves control the flow of the speed, which is an important factor for the Roto Dynamic pump operation as will be depicted. The RDCP are controlled by motors as many other systems. Thus, the research also proposes to evaluate how the motors influence the speed and performance of the pumps. The section will begin by evaluating the principles that govern motors. The research will continue to evaluate the speed of different motors that are used in the pumps, and how they guaranteed energy efficiency. The energy efficiency is also an important factor that can be related to the efficiency labelling as well, while identifying other opportunities that will help save energy and increase the performance of the pumps. Motor size is also an important factor of the system, which will lead to the need of evaluating the sizing process of a motor; including pulley sizing and how to manage the motors to ensure they meet the anticipated performance. The performance of the pumps in liquid equipment’s is also evaluated through the speed drive variability. It will show the drive principles frequencies that ensure the pump is also operational in the liquid equipment’s. The drives include factors such as the frequency converters, rectifiers, circuits, inverters and other control units. The evaluation will help understand how the integrated speed motors and drives that influence the performance of the Roto Dynamic Centrifugal Pumps. The information will be beneficial and useful in the development and installations of the speed, motors, and drives in the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps. The research uses both theoretical analysis and experimental outcomes as displayed in the stages such as: finding the suitable construction and effective Roto dynamic centrifugal pump. Information will be collected on some of the effective and failed Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps used in liquid equipment’s. The information will provide data on factors that guarantee the effectiveness of the pumps, as well as the possible problems to be observed and how they can be solved. The experimental results that have been given on the development and operation of the pumps will be used as well (Girdhar & Moniz, 2005). The centrifugal pumps are considered the most reliable and safe pumps, which is why they are used in large industries such as the petroleum industry. Thus, the significance of the research is that it will show how factors such as the discharge pressure is calculated. Other important factors to be considered include the suction pressure, relative speed, pumping temperature, rotational speed, diameter of the impeller, rated total head, and other overhung pumps. It is important to understand how such factors are calculated and installed to meet the anticipated performance. The significance of the research will be linked in showing all factors that influence the performance of the centrifugal pumps to show how their reliability is attained. 3. Timeline The project planning started on 13th of this month. The project will be completed by the 1st week of June. The timeline of the project is achieved through achieving the activities presented in the table below. Activity Start Date (2017-2017) Duration (days) Project planning 13-Mar 10 Literature review 27-Mar 15 Centrifugal pump construction review 10-Apr 5 Practical and literature Evaluation of Roto Dynamic pumps 15-May 4 Machineries Testing/ Evaluating Roto Dynamic centrifugal pumps efficiency 19-May 4 Centrifugal pump theory 23-May 2 Evaluation of Roto dynamic centrifugal pump problems 25-May 11 Centrifugal Pump tests 5-Jun 4 Conclusion 9-Jun 1 The Gantt chart attached below presents a visual timeline of completing the activities of the project. 4. Risk Assessment Finances The first challenge that the research faces is a lack of sufficient funds to purchase all needed products for the construction of a simple Roto Dynamic centrifugal pump that can be used in the liquid equipment’s. Product Failure When developing the pump, there will be a risk of the impeller having contact with the casing. The availability of the frictional contact that may lead to the casing been useless. The impeller is an expensive component, which will be a key factor to ensuring the effectiveness of the pump in liquid equipment’s. However, the proposal will use a cheaper one where when using metallic rings the effectiveness of the impeller is guaranteed without the casing contact. The casings are important since they ensure that the liquids do not leak. The impeller can also be affected negatively by the solids suspended wearing out (Girdhar & Moniz, 2005). The hydraulic pumps and mechanical problems are possible risks that need to be anticipated. These may occur when the flow rates are far from the BEP. The risks, however, will present the behavior of the centrifugal pumps that will also help indicate the risk failures (Ydidah, 2012). Product failure can also occur if the pump is corroded or overheating that forces the pump to operate slowly, affecting the performance of the pump. When assembling the pumps, they are to be assembled in a vertical position. Thus, the risk of shaft assembly is eliminated. However, despite been assembled in a vertical position, the horizontal position may be the best position, which may lead to bowl/shaft distribution risk (Lewis & Stark, 2003). Other risks include the lack of continuous supply of components among other systems needed. Product liability and damage are also factors that must be considered. The probability of failure of the equipment’s is a key factor to consider since if the failure is perceived it leads to negative business, environmental and safety issue. Thus, the consequences of the equipment’s failure are considered. They will be evaluated and reported as perceived through the research and literature reviews available. Product failure or the probability of failure of the products can be achieved and handled through ensuring the equipment are given all the necessary inspections required at all levels. For instance, inspections may occur in different levels such as the final source inspections, immediate source inspections and others as will be presented (Study Guide, 2015). Biased Information There are sufficient information regarding the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps in liquid equipment’s. Thus, there is a risk of using biased information for the literature review. However, through the experimentation of the product during construction, the biases may be eliminated. However, the risk of biased findings may be possible. Thus, to avoid this only quantitative information will be reported. Prime insufficiency The pump to work effectively and provide the optimal performance, it must be have sufficient fluid. The centrifugal pumps do not self-prime. Thus, the pumps have to be filled with the liquids for effective performance, while ensuring it is not filled with vapour or gas. Vapour and gas also lead to the ineffectiveness of the pump. Corrosion Corrosion may occur when the metal used to the development of the pump experiences the process of gradual destruction leading to chemical reactions based on the sulphide, hydroxide and oxidation process. The corrosion is a risk since on the stipulation it occurs, it leas to permeability of gases or liquids. Cavitation This is the process in which vapour cavity forms in liquids, where such forces act on the liquid. The process is perceived when the liquid experiences pressure rapid changes that lead to cavitation formation due to low pressure. High pressure, on the other hand, leads to the occurrence of a shock wave among the materials, which leads to the imploding the voids. The implosions may lead to the cyclic stress, which are frequent problems that pump impellers experience. The problems may also be experienced when liquids change direction in the pumps rapidly. 5. Progress to Date The current progress made is that the literature review process has begun and is on going. The information will be beneficial to understanding the needed factors to construct a centrifugal pump to be used with liquid equipment. The information is the key starting point to be completed on 10th of April this year. The entire project as presented will end on June 17th. More importantly, some of the machineries to be used for the project are been gathered. For instance, now impellers, pump casing and wearing rings are at hand. However, other components such as shafts, boxes for stuffing’s, mechanical seals and couplings are yet to be attained. The efficiency of the pumps will be evaluated through using s performance test procedure for the Roto dynamic centrifugal pumps focusing on their performance in the liquid equipment’s. The centrifugal pump tests will be conducted through using an inspection of the materials, and the test run of the pump in a shop. 6. Conclusion The research on Roto Dynamic Centrifugal pumps in Liquid Equipment’s has constantly been carried out in the years. However, the details in considering the factors that influence the operation of these pumps has been passed over. Therefore, the proposal proposes researching on all factors that influence the development of a centrifugal pump, while focusing on its operations in liquid equipment’s. That is; the research will involve evaluating the centrifugal pump principles and laws, curves and motors and other factors as described above that will influence the efficiency of the pumps. The research paper will present how and all the factors that influence the performance of the Roto Dynamic centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps play an important role as presented in different fields. The research will presents their importance and performance when dealing with liquid equipment. 7. References Anderson, H. H. (1994). Centrifugal Pumps and Allied Machinery. New York: Elsevier. BPMA. (2005). Variable Speed Driven Pumps. Best Practice Guide. Gambica. Action Energy, 3 - 46. Friedrich, G. J. (2010). Centrifugal Pumps. Berlin: Springer. Girdhar, P., & Moniz, O. (2005). Practical Centrifugal Pumps: Design, Operation and Maintenance. New York: Oxford Newnes. Larry, B., & Angle, C. (2003). Know and understand centrifugal pumps. New York: Elsevier Ltd. Lewis, J., & Stark, B. (2003). Machinery and Rotating Equipment Integrity Inspection Guidance Notes. Research Report 076: Health and Safety Executive, 1-13. Nesbitt, B. (2006). Handbook of Pumps and Pumping. New York: Elsevier. Saylor. (2011). Centrifugal Pump. Saylor.org/site, 1- 6 Retrieved from: https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Centrifugal_pump.pdf. Study Guide. (2015). Guide for Source Inspection and Quality Surveillance of Rotating Equipments. 1-93. Ydidah, S. (2012). Centrifugal Pump User's Guidebook: Problems and Solutions. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. Attachment 1 – Timeline Chart Attachment 2 – Risk Assessment Matrix Risk Reference Risks Consequences Current Risk Treatments Current Level of Risk Additional Risk Treatments Residual Level of Risk Likelihood Consequence Risk Level Ranking Likelihood Consequence Risk Level Ranking 1 Finances Lack of finishing to construct the pump Finding financial help from other sources such as the school 3 2.5 high 3 Use personal finances 2 2 Low 2 2 Product Failure Poor performance of the product, and incorrect results. Thus, the whole project would be a failure. Meet all the requirements and codes of practice when using the equipment’s 1 3.5 Low 3 Meet all the inspection standards at the different levels 1 3 Low 2 3 Biased Information Prejudiced results of the research Personal views will be ignored during the whole research process 1 2 Low 2 Measure all results attained for verifying the results 1 2 Low 1 4 Prime insufficiency Incorrect results Fill the pump manually always 1 4 Low 2 NIL 1 1 Low 2 5 Corrosion Chemical reactions of the liquid, leading to product failure, and environment hazard2 Use corrosion resistance materials 2 3 medium 2 Coat the materials with corrosion resistance substance 1 1 Low 2 6 Cavitation Product damage Use vertical centrifugal pumps only 2 3 medium 2 Ensure the pump has control valves to ensure there are no sudden changes in the flow direction 1 1 low 1 Activity Overall Risk Rating 0.00 Low Key for the Rankings 1 = Very Low 2 = Low 3 = Medium 4 = High 5 = Very High Read More