The Toulmin Schema - Essay Example

Toulmin Schema Claim Pilots and other crewmembers should be given better treatment and enough rest periods to ensure their attentiveness during flights and safety of passengers, as well as to feel motivated and satisfied with their jobs. Reasons 1. Because resting will allow flight members that operate for long distance to have a normal pattern of sleep and wake hours, and thus do not suffer from exhaustion. 2. Motivational rewards will enable crewmembers to appreciate their work and feel valued by the flight company. 3. Extended layover will allow pilots and crewmembers enough time to complete flight procedures, pick luggage, commute to the hotel, prepare for the next trip, go back to the airport, and still have adequate time to rest. 4. Instead of crewmembers perceiving other airlines as better than theirs in valuing crewmembers, they will begin appreciating their company and feel motivated. 5. It will allow crewmembers to sleep according to their destination time as advised, and not according to their local time. 6. Resting and excellent treatment will significantly reduce cases of fatigue and jetlag among crewmembers, and thus flight accidents resulting from human error. Assumptions 1. Assumes lack of enough rest and better welfare treatment is one of the leading causes of flight accidents. 2. Assumes lack of enough rest and work overload causes jet lag and fatigue among crewmembers 3. Assumes the wellness of crewmembers can benefit the aviation company. 4. Assumes the intrinsic rewards will greatly motivate pilots and other crewmembers. 5. Assumes the audience is not aware of the proper treatment of crewmembers and layover periods. 6. Assumes passengers traveling with unmotivated crew do not enjoy their trip. 7. Excellent treatment of crew’s well-being will eventually help the company to gain a competitive edge in the air travel industry. 8. Assumes the airline industry as a whole will benefit from more motivated workforce. Backing 1. It is a mandatory for flight crews to have enough rest periods, but their schedules do not allow them to The Federation Aviation Administration (FAA) requires airlines to give their crew a 10-hour rest time before commencing a duty period that includes flying. The ten-hour rest period may include the time a crew takes to commute to or from their houses or hotel room. Moreover, the carriages should not reduce the actual time for sleeping chance to below 8 hours. Meaning the pilots and crew only have two hours to commute, which practically is not enough, thus they end up eating into their 8 hour sleeping time. Additionally, FAA has extended the length of continuous time off during a one-week period from 24 hours to 30 hours. The flight crewmembers should use the rest opportunity to sleep instead of doing other things during the period. The FAA further asserts that persons whose internal clock may be off due to flipping back and forth between different zones require additional time off. However, airlines rarely observe these rules and regulations. Federal Aviation Administration. "rest." Flightcrew Member Duty and Rest Requirements. Newcastle: Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc, 2012. 12. http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/rulemaking/recently_published/media/2120-AJ58-FinalRule.pdf 2. Motivating flight crew encourage healthy behavior among team members Jochen Wirtz and Loizos Heracleous assert that motivating staff through rewards and recognition has helped Singapore Airlines build desirable behaviors among crewmembers. The airline offers interesting and varied job content, symbolic actions, performance-based share options, and a significant percentage of variable pay components related to a person’s contributions and the airline’s financial performance. The company also provides bonuses based on its profitability. Additionally, the company uses its numerous international accolades, companywide meetings, and open communication to make staff motivated. Motivation and communication have helped Singapore Airlines realize service excellence. This approach has created job satisfaction, and overall, excellent service to customers. Wirtz, J., and L. Heracleous. "Singapore Airlines: Managing Human Resources for Cost-effective Service Excellence." The National University of Singapore- NUS Business School. The National University of Singapore- NUS Business School, 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . 3. Fatigue is a probable cause of air crashes A research by the National Transportation Safety (NSB) proved that a half of pilots and first officers for whom data were available had been awake for more than twelve hours before their accidents. Flight crews with members who had been awake beyond the median time made more mistakes than those who had enough sleep. On August 18, 1993, a US commercial aircraft accident occurred in Cuba due to fatigue of crewmembers. The crewmembers sustained serious injuries. It was later discovered that they had been on duty for about 18 hours and in the air for about 9 hours. As a result, they had experienced a disruption of circadian rhythms. The pilot did not notice deteriorating path and airspeed conditions because of being preoccupied with locating strobe light on the ground. Strauss, S. "Pilot Fatigue." Home - European Pilot Academy. Aerospace Medical Association, 2 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . Conditions of Rebuttal 1. Motivating flight crew may force the company to incur more expenses. 2. Giving them extended layover periods may lengthen the flight, thus reduce the revenue. 3. Extended layover periods may make passengers feel that the journey is too long. 4. Pilots and other crewmembers may misuse the extended rest periods in doing other things instead of resting. 5. Extended layover periods and high amount of bonuses may be incentives for pilots and other crewmembers overindulgence. 6. Some crewmembers may remain unmotivated. Qualifier 1. Motivated and well-rested crewmembers serve customers well. Flight airline will attract more passengers, and eventually, realize increased revenue, which will significantly cover expenses. 2. Pilots and other cabin crew members need enough rest time in order to stay focused and alert during flights. 3. As the company motivates its crew, it will gain an enviable reputation in the airline industry. Revenues will not be affected by the lengthened trip. 4. Right motivation and training may encourage pilots, and other crewmembers appreciate layover time. 5. Right motivation and training may encourage crew behave well for a positive appraisal. 6. Various motivational packages will eventually motivate various crewmembers. Works Cited Federal Aviation Administration. "rest." Flightcrew Member Duty and Rest Requirements. Newcastle: Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc, 2012. 12. Print. Federal Aviation Administration."Medical Facts for Pilots." Federal Aviation Administration, 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. . Strauss, S. "Pilot Fatigue." Home - European Pilot Academy. Aerospace Medical Association, 2 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . Wirtz, J., and L. Heracleous. "Singapore Airlines: Managing Human Resources for Cost-effective Service Excellence." National University of Singapore- NUS Business School. National University of Singapore- NUS Business School, 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . Read More