Globalization and Urbanization - Essay Example

?What is “The Game?” Compare how “The Game” would be defined by Short to how it would be defined by Valle & Torres. How does “The Game” play into thepolitics of place, both locally and globally? The reading of Short Jonnie, discusses the development of urban areas and settlements in past 200 years. The author discusses the developments and the changes that have taken place in the urban during past centuries. The past century was a century of the urban revolution. During that time, there was no development, and cities were merely those locations or islands where the ships would dock. There was a predominant presence of rural areas, where cities stood out as islands, causing more of a nuisance according to the rural folk than any benefits. There were many reasons why urbanization was not a trend. The industrial revolution had not arrived, and there was much distraction about wars and key discoveries that had not taken place. The pace of life was slower, and the world had not begun its race for global domination. The populations were less and the resources were plenty. The competition was less fierce, and time was on the people’s side. The population ratio at that time was very different from the one today. One study suggests that out of every 100 people, only three people used to live in cities. With the passage of time, this proportion has changed, with almost half of the current population living in cities. In other words, urban universes increased. Till the end of 1800, the number of residents living in large urban cities was only 29 million. However, by the year 2000, the urban population numbers increased to 2.8 billion. (Short 23). The most prominent and important development was the creation of large metropolises. In the year 1800, only four metropolises had populations of more than 1 million; the situation was much different by the end of year 2000. The second trend in urbanization represented a shift of populations from minor cities to major cities of the world. a graphic representation would show a flat pattern by 2000, with the line getting steeper after 2000. The impact of this shift is very significant. It causes major alteration in the spatial form of the social organization of space and society. The development of such areas goes fast with the somewhat mercurial changes in the economic system, depending upon agricultural enhancements to economies that move around the construction and service sector. The development of cities is directly linked to the social shift from short scale to the large one, from closely knit urgent social links to more spread unknown themes, and to the growth of unique and antipathetic social classes (Weber, 26). Cities point on both the growth and avatar of social shift. They usually counted as the concept uses of socio-economic shift. There is a challenging link between the social perspective and the city as the city holds a complex base of social shift as well as also considers as an important ingredient of social theorizing. The article focuses on both elements: the most aspirational chore demanding a broad linked of approaches. Two liberal spans are under looked. First, the article focuses on the incline of the present city and its linkage with modernism, capitalist economy and post modernity, questioning the macro-scale relations between deep urban changes and broad social changes. The other goal is to present a wide ranging judgment of the basic theoretic estimates recently implemented to understand the city. In start, it discusses about the old exercising influence theoretical models in their past context (Graham & Marvin 12). After wards, it discovers the link between present-day urban sociospatial procedures and updated theoretical models in order to understand the complex links between place, space and social conjecturing with the challenging aim of judging urbanizing theory and the city. The authoritarian city can be seen in different perspectives of thicknesses. Authority is strongest when daily routines are covered with the exercise of power, and weakest when power is part of famous volition. Looking the matching utopia/dystopia model proposed by George Orwell in the famous book “Brave New World and 1984”. These are arguably the most exemplary political book of previous century. Author discusses a venue where law is developed by sexual promiscuousness and the easy access to drugs. Valle and Torres uses old procedures for describing the society of urban with respect to race, politics, culture and class. He calls for the development of a recent urban politics relied on the commoness of class and culture. Presenting a deep analytic thinking of Los Angeles, the writer present that how Los Angeles and its linked countries work as private wealth-producing engines without awarding currency back to the group of people whose employees make possible the revenue. They present cases from recent news stories, political brushes, and cultural consequences in order to develop their scenario that Latinos are employed to manage the living power strength and could modify things only by strengthening and getting clear understanding of their broad political alternatives (VALLE, Victor, & TORRES, Rodolfo 36). The article focuses solely on the globalization, politics and immigration in Los Angeles. Its debate can be generalized to examine terms of Latinos in large cities across the United States. Pitched toward qualified personnel in urban studies, An interesting exercise at culture and politics of Los Angeles via Latino lens. Los Angeles abrasion the surface of Los Angeles picture as a rich art of various cultures and a composed texture truth comes out in a view of huge and shimmering economy that got built on the side of largely Latino migrates and still relies on them. The article discovers the bottom of the growth and reconstituting that have changed Los Angeles into broader picture, a global city and in practice of this it discloses the directions in which thoughts about ethnic quality -Latino recognized itself-are concerned and elaborated in the whole theme. A acute examination of the economic, cultural, social and political effects of the development of the Latino working-class people in Los Angeles, it also looks at the link between political economy and development ethnicity. The author took fresh examples from news stories, political events, and cultural themes, the writer present the idea that how the message about Latinos are utilized to manage the status quo-significantly the living grid power-in Los Angeles. In riots media presentations, in the whitening) of Mexican cuisine as Spanish-American food, in the displacement of community that took place as component of the growth of the Staples Center-in looking cases small and large, it can be easily observed that how Los Angeles and its Latino crowd are equally transformed. Combining political and economic insight with trenchant social and cultural analysis, this work offers the clearest statement to date of how ethnicity and class cross in discussing racialism social links in the present metropolis. Victor M. Valle is a renowned professor of ethnic discipline at California’s University, he teaches urban politics and ethnic studies. The article highlights the racialism presence in urban. John describes the growth and development of Urban in past centuries. Both articles have a common discipline but point to different issues. Both authors discuss the usual concepts of urban development but present different perspectives in light of several assumptions, theories and models. References Graham, S. & Marvin, S. (1996) Telecommunications and the City: Electronic Spaces, Urban Places, London: Routledge. John, R, Short, (2009), Globalization and teh city, retrived: 16-03-2011, Vol I,pg 23. Weber, M. (1905), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London: Allen & Unwin. VALLE, Victor, & TORRES, Rodolfo D. (2000) Latino Metropolis. Minnesota: Univ. of Minnesota Press. ISBN-10: 0816630305. Read More