Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The short run profits in competitive markets are realized at a point where the marginal costs are equal to the marginal revenue. Due to the ease of entry in the competitive

The performance of calibrated business-cycle models is through the identification of available evidence against the variances of other data in the series. This is an indication that the approach is favorable for various applications, such as the provision of quality analysis of the performance of different variances.

The program has developed over time due to the increased desire for economic want such as social security as insurance facilities. Due to this national anxiety, the Fed has provided for the payment that has developed over the century. The Dodd-frank Act is a law that allows for banking regulations to the federal rather than the business themselves.

The main macroeconomic concepts highlighted in the article include are aggregated demand, business environment and business cycle. Aggregated demand is applied with the reference to consumer confidence since the later is determined by the total cost of services and goods demanded by the consumers.

Calculate the percentage increase in the median salary of the FC Barcelona from 1988 to 2005 in both nominal terms and in real terms.

This book review considers the bibliography, structure of the book, main arguments, evidence, and any generalizations made by the author. This book review evaluates the content of the book based on the accuracy of the material and claims, sources utilized by Stein to justify her claims and position, and determining whether the information presented in the book is up-to-date.

International trade is one of the oldest economic concepts as almost all of the greatest economists of the world put their efforts in formulating the theoretical framework for the notion. Developed simultaneously along with the modern economic theory, international trade is based on the mutual trade or exchange of goods and services between two countries.

It is true that the abolition of the WTO would not destroy the process of globalization. But it would definitely wipe out a forum for governments to negotiate multilateral trade rules and a mechanism for holding them to those rules. That would make every country worse off, but the biggest losers would be the poor and the weak.

It has been argued by some influential Middle Eastern economists that the development of sovereign, sustainable economic institutions within Middle Eastern nations is an essential precursor to political stability and effective participation in global economic markets (Clement and Springborg, 2001).  

Because of the existing system of authoritarianism China still lacks such elements of democracy to further progress as independent civil society organizations, opposition parties, free press and an independent judiciary. Such authoritarianism usually leads to corruption, which prevents the country from fully profiting from the information revolution.

The recovery of the economy was during Korean War where there was increased demand for metal, which revived the steel industry in Italy. This continued to increase when Italy became a member of the

Even when the final baby boomer retires, costs will go on rising steadily for the undefined future. Whereas there are expectations that the current tax revenues of the program will surpass its costs till 2018, in every succeeding year after that, the program will experience a funding deficit, which will go on growing in dollar terms, as well as a percentage of payrolls (Weaver).

However, keeping in mind that general human resource management and marketing strategies cannot satisfy more complex situations involving norms, customs, and ethics in different countries, cross-cultural theories remain significantly relevant in modern age management (Feingold, Jean, 2006) (HRMagazine, 2008).

The most important concept in the study of the economic behavior is the supply and demand. Demand is the willingness and desire of a person to purchase

The author of the paper argues in a well-organized manner that the importance of arts and entertainment to the economy of a nation can never be ignored. Industries that are arts and entertainment-oriented can have many benefits to a country. This can be a result of the way arts and entertainment in modern societies have been highly commercialized.

Developing countries are characterized by limited opportunities and resources whereby increase in population stretches the capacities of the

This capital is later subtracted from the total income generated by an organization and this leads to the formulation of the net income (Weil, 2013).

In the year 2011, Bahrain reduces to 2.1 while Saudi Arabia improves to 6.3. In the case of Kuwait, the GDP tends to go to a negative number in 2009 and 2010 to show a recession in the country. However, the country regains a positive mark in 2011 by positive GDP growth (Bank).

s led to sophisticated methods of administration, and the target market of the produced goods and services were national and the international market. The importance of the article is further seen by the detailed discussion on the different views by analysts on whether it can be

Researchers implicate residential segregation in racial economic inequality. However, the study of the role of residential segregation in stratification process remains emerging. I explore the role of residential

Most of those in power in the Middle East were unwilling to let go of their authority, and the only way of making them leave their power seats was through a revolution. This was going to be difficult but people were willing to bring change to their countries if they were not going to get it without war. 

The author of the paper outlines that the economic impact of the EU is felt in different aspects of its policy. The EU contains exclusive competence to carry out negotiations on trade and investment treaties with nations outside the union; it is a customs union with a common external tariff on goods that are imported (Anderson, & Reichert, 2012, P.239).

Although the instrumental variables have application in epidemiology, statistics, and other related disciples, it is commonly used in the econometric studies. Such studies

The two periods experienced speculative bubbles that were based on the flow of easy credit, and this fueled both the stock market and property base excess. The only difference between the two periods is that the nature of the capitalist system had changed significantly from productive industrialization to a system of financial capitalization.

Supply-side factors, on the other hand, triggers rise in the price of commodities where the rise in price of critical raw materials makes producers

Globalization has resulted in the transformation of the way in which international trade is governed and the manner in which governments can control trade across their borders. Trade liberalization and the World Trade Organisation accords have meant that it is becoming more difficult for national governments to impose tariffs on trade to assist the domestic industry and to control the domestic market.

Japan had historically been in favour of trade liberalization and deregulation of all trade barriers. Prior to 1960, Japan had imposed strict trade restrictions in the form of quotas and tariffs. However, gradually these impediments were lifted so that the domestic industries gathered the technical skills to compete with the external players.

Australia has quite a number of sectors that are shining. Some of these include E-commerce, Agriculture, medical services, and Cleantech (Research White Paper, 2010). All these taken into consideration have played a great role in ensuring that the country’s capital market even nowadays remains strong and stable.

This is true as congestion that is brought about by development causes rapid spread of diseases and disease causing pathogens. In trying to address these issues, health programs always attempt to come up with drugs which result in drug resistant strains of the pathogens. This is immensely enhanced by developing transport networks.

Generally, the term ‘economies of scale’ usually refers to the advantages in cost that a business will obtain as a result of expanding its activities.  It also refers to the reductions in the cost per unit that enterprise witnesses due to an increase in its size or consumption of inputs (Mankiw, 45).

My desire to pursue the Masters program has been influenced by my ‘long-term’ desire to become an internationally recognized economist and to match the dynamically competitive job market. Further, I have set aside

Accepting the nomination of the Democratic Party to seek presidency in the second term, Obama said that the economic problems of the US are solvable, though it might take some time to happen. Jobs report of Friday is amongst the prime economic indicators

Customer experience influences consumers’ preference because individuals who like features associated with Dell’s products are likely to buy from the company.

The living wage can be defined as the wage rate sufficient to provide and meet necessities and other essential social amenities at an acceptable standard of living (Howes, 2005). In London, the first campaign for a living wage, known as London Living Wage, was launched in 2001 by London citizens (Pollin, 2005).

The complex relationship existing between violence and poverty highlights more detrimental effects to any nation. It remains a fact that violence causes the destruction of infrastructure and increases poverty. Viewed differently, a correlation still exists because poverty can motivate people to indulge in violence and organized crime.

While South Africa’s central Bank is only one in the entire country, US Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks, each controlled by its own directors. The governor has final

As an alternative, they will recruit a higher number of men whose wage bill/salary stand far above that of women despite having a similar skill level. Consequently, in a perfectly competitive market, non-discriminating employers will certainly gain a cost advantage and eventually drive out discriminating employers from the market.

Microeconomics is the analysis based on micro units represented by the firm, consumers amongst others, and profit maximization as a function of the firm, which can occur both in the short and long run and in the process, the firm determines price and output levels that provide the highest profit. There are several profit maximization theories that are applicable to firms. 

History has witnessed China had been under serious economic crises because of the financial debts of the Chinese Banking system. To counter the economic and financial crisis, reforms were introduced to enhance the performance of the Chinese economy. Good financial and banking system will ultimately result in the advancement of any economy.

omic exposure refers to the factors affecting an organization’s investments, cash flows, and earnings when there are fluctuations in exchange rates. This type of exposure is also called operating exposure (Saudagaran 2009). Risk-sharing agreements refer to the set rules and

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the study of the collective behavior of the economy. It does not deal with the individual market but with the behavior and structure of the whole economy. Moreover, it is related to national income, the rate of growth, the rate of inflation, the rate of employment, gross domestic product.

goods, consisting of tangible and visible products; services, which are made up of commodities that are intangible that are produced, transferred and consumed; income; financial claims on, and liabilities to, different parts of t he world, not limited to changes in the reserve

Generally, import- substituting industrialization is a policy that is mostly used by small and developing countries. Its main aim is to replace foreign products with domestic products. This helps such countries reduce their dependency on foreign countries through local production of industrialized goods.

Greenawalt and Sinkey in their research test the income-smoothing hypothesis among 106 large banks for a period of eight years (1976-1984). The study intends to find the effect of bank provision for loan losses as a fraction of a company’s income. Moreover, the study also intends to find other business conditions that affect a bank’s loan portfolio.

The conclusion from this study states that the rising cases of insecurity should be dealt with in an appropriate manner. In order to ensure this happens, the intelligence bodies and departments, in general, should be focused on developing a program that has the ability, to counter the intelligence failures that have been reported over the past decade.

This will result in a movement towards point P, due to the extra net expenditures (J-W). Consequently, producers will be invigorated to increase their output; thus, leading to higher national income levels (Carlin & Soskice, 2006). With the increase in income, the

As a result, there have been increased imports than exports that have led to deter rioting balance of trade resulting in current deficits. Furthermore, interest rate is a factor of supply of demand. Increased credit leads to more money supply into the economy.

Conversely, a current account surplus. 3. A financial account is a constituent of the balance of payments of a country. The financial account represents loans and investments while the current account represents the trade balance which includes imports

According to the chapter, economic development in a state is wholly reliant on its leaders and the efficiency of the system put in

If the scenario reduces consumption, government purchases, net exports and investments at given price level, it decreases the aggregate demand. The curve pf