Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The government has tried to keep the deficit at a very low level and they tried to draw a balanced budget. The Budget's largest increment is education which increases by 8% of GDP, while defense increases by 1.9% of GDP. The extra revenue is expected to be collected from higher VAT and social taxes.

Money supply increase will always have various effects on the price level, GDP nominal wage rate, and real wage rate depending on whether it is in the short run or long run. When the money supply increases, the interest rate is pushed down since people's need for near cash things is changed by changes in the demand for money.

Unemployment is one of the most important macroeconomic indicators, along with interest rates, gross domestic product, consumer price index, and monetary policies. All of these are factors that exhibit interdependence and interaction to influence the society. Unemployment refers to a section of the population that is not doing productive work.

The World Bank has strongly suggested that the country should downsize the growth rate of large state-owned enterprises. According to the World Bank, the rapid industrial progress of China has been the outcome of the speedy propagation of small business enterprises. From this point of view, large business enterprises and clusters are viewed as “dinosaurs of an otherwise dynamic economy”.

The heavily populated nation with 1.3 billion people has been outperforming USA for over ten (10) consecutive years in terms of both GDP growth rates yearly and unemployment rates also yearly. See Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 for a quick reference of historical statistics.

The ratio in the Gini coefficient which is a technique used to measure inequality, lies between 0 and 1, in this 0 is denoted as perfect income equality which means all of them possess the same income. And whereas 1 represents as perfect income inequality which means except all one has all the income.

The proposals have failed due to the interests of the global economic superpowers. The implementation of special economic zones and export processing zones in the less prosperous and less developed countries were proposed in order to maintain the equilibrium in international trade by stimulation of foreign investments which proved to be a failure (Ratnesh, 1999, p.47).

As Google expands and becomes more extensive, it will find it more difficult to maintain its culture of innovation. Google attempts to keep its culture of entrepreneurship going by forming small teams for innovation that act as individual start-ups (Marion, 2013). The company employs over seventeen thousand diverse workers across the world from different cultures, all of whom are expected to innovate continuously.

The model assumes that the lending rate and the borrowing rate are equal. In practice, these two rates differ and therefore, the model will not hold in a real life scenario. also Also it assumes that there is no transaction cost, taxes or holding period of the securities.

According to the paper the European Union has a history of preventing the importation of GMOs into its territory especially those that are for human consumption, with few exceptions. Most of those that have been allowed to go into circulation are those that are for animal consumption and these are normally highly restricted and regulated to ensure that there is no gene flow between them and similar non-GMO foods.

It benefits people to earn or save more money in their everyday life. Nash equilibrium is a concept associated with game theory, and a good understanding of these two concepts can minimize future uncertainty to a great extent. Although too many assumptions associated with the game theory limit its scope to some extent, it has the potential to benefit different areas of everyday life.

Due to the relaxation of immigration laws, a large number of immigrants enters the country and started to work as workers in various industries of the country. This increase in the number of immigrants increases the supply of labor in various industries. This increment in the number of labor supplied increases shifts the equilibrium point in the market for labor.

William's argument is that such circumstance is tantamount to serving a kind of bondage as graduates are forced to pay back the money they owe to academic institutions. Williams cited grim statistics that supported his point. The most important of these is that two-thirds of American college students finish school with an average of $30,000 in educational bills.

Good institutions tend to be associated with economic growth which is thought to spur FDI inflows and outflows. On the other hand, poor institutions are associated with corruption which may increase the cost of investment and lead to reduced revenues. Other factors like political instability increase uncertainty and drive away investors.

The research paper deals with the role and impact of the labor unions in an economy with reference to the political disorder going on in Wisconsin in recent times. For the current FY2011, Wisconsin faced a shortfall in budget by an amount of $137 million along with a prospect of a deficit of $3.6 billion during the upcoming budget for two consecutive years.

Inflation denotes an unfavorable situation in the economy of a nation. On the other hand, wages refer to a form of remuneration offered to an employee by an employer of a particular company in exchange for services rendered.

It can be said that LVMH is a product of globalization, or, it has grown in the midst of globalization. Whichever is the case, LVMH will continue to reign the world of fashion and luxury goods – for Europe and the rest of the world, including the emerging markets of China, India, and the rest of Asia. It is not yet taking the reins of power. 

However, when the price of a gallon of paint increased to $3.50, his usage decreased to 20 gallons. The exercise aims to introduce the concept of elasticity by illustrating how the demand for a product will decrease if the price is increased. In the example, one observes that the demand for paint is elastic because it is sensitive to price changes.

Finally, the method/s which best suit the firms in Hong Kong and Singapore will be recommended. The Typical Firms in Hong Kong and Singapore 1. Using the Internet, library and/or other resources, research and briefly explain 4 methods currently being used to encourage economic growth for the typical firm in Hong Kong and for the typical firm in Singapore.

Some monopolies can be detrimental to the economy because the local economy is stifled. Despite all of this, monopolies are good because of economies of scale, greater innovation, and the quality of products on offer.

Just as the world economy was showing some signs of recovery from the worst recession in nearly a century, the global economy once again got hit by the Euro debt crisis. Even with austerity measures in place, growth prospects within the Euro zone has been downgraded to 1.5 percent this year.

The time horizon under consideration starts from the middle of the first recession. In our data, this recession lasts for only two quarters. The second recession was also for two quarters: 1990Q4 and 1991Q1. The third recession that occurred in the time period we are considering started in the 1st quarter of 2001 and lasted until the last quarter of 2001.

Due to major changes that have been experienced as a result of globalization, the paper will have a deep insight into the impacts of these changes on society and business in general. Different cultures are impacted different by these two aspects therefore; the paper will analyze the extent of globalization and employment in various cultures. The paper will also analyze how to reverse the negative impacts of globalization.

The institutional changes had a lot of positive impacts on the general business cycle of the entire region. This can be seen by the different economic indicators such as the reduced interest rates, and the increased GDP of the European countries also show that the economy of the individual countries was experiencing a major positive change.

Spain has become a concern to many countries in the world, this is because the Euro is the most preferred currency, and this has affected many countries that rely on it for export or exchange. Some of the reasons that have caused this worry are: the high interest rate demanded by the Government for the last decade which has increased to above 6%.

Influence of different economic factors on the current state of the American airline industry is considered in the essay. State of the market, where airline companies operate is examined. Impact of the monetary and fiscal policies on the industry is assessed. Effects of international trade on the industry is also evaluated.

Controversies have been raised both in the educational arena and the professional contexts surrounding the phenomenon of moral hazards as a major cause for disruptions in the industrial processes, especially concerning those activities which have been dependent on the financial system of any economy.

Managerial economic further explore the behaviour of consumers and producers as well as their impact to the economy. In above connection, managerial economics takes into consideration not only micro economic concept but also some components of macro economics. This is because organizations do not operate in isolation but rather they interact with external factors.

The British Government, the Bank of England, and the British Economy. The Bank of England is the central bank of UK, and it is the bank that serves the function of controlling the UK’s financial outlook. The Bank of England was started in 1694 with an objective of allowing the bank to operate as the banker of England.

Autonomous consumption expenditures, autonomous investment totals, autonomous government expenditures, and autonomous net export expenditures amounted to 5000, 500, 2000 and -600 respectively. Therefore, the equilibrium value of real income in this economy will be [5000+500+2000+(-600)] = 6900.

This discussion will define both merit and demerit goods and show why merits goods are socially desirable. It will also outline some externalities both positive and negative, and the role of United Kingdom government in providing these socially desirable merit goods.

Intermediate goods do not have their utility and demand for their own sake rather they are demanded for the production of final goods. For instance if raw cotton is used for producing yarn, raw cotton is the intermediate good then, but if yarn is used for producing cloth, then yarn becomes the intermediate good.

The author states that according to the classical school of thoughts, efficient outcome in the market might be achieved at some given conditions of price, cost of production, availability of products and entry barriers. The condition of efficiency is violated if the assumptions related to these factors fail to hold true.

Open Market Operation (OMO) is a tool in monetary policy used by many governments through their central banks to influence the country’s economic situation. The major importance of using OMO is to help the government achieve the major objectives of monetary policies which includes; maintaining price stability, achieving balanced economic growth and helping a country achieve full employment.

The way the challenges will be addressed will shape the way the country defines itself and, in turn, how other countries and regions define it. Being among the world’s economic superpowers with a growth rate of 7% since the start of reforms in 1979, such definitions will have the potential to shape the global economic platform.

The paper considers possible positive and negative effects of the introduction of taxes on junk food, alcohols and cigarettes. Economists wonder whether this action is well-reasoned. In the US, the support for such taxes is spreading and the Congress are considering to tax sugary drinks in order to help pay for expansion of health-care coverage.

While both in the US as well as in Australia the rates of participation in the labor force are 49% for each of the countries with the rate in Australia a little higher than that of the United States for a Quarter the figure is much higher at 64% (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). The percentage of the population in agriculture is extremely low.

Agriculture accounts for 36% of Brazil’s exports, with coffee being the biggest exported agricultural item at $4.7 billion, by value. Coffee contributes to 0.27% of the total economy in Brazil and 2.1% of total exports. Brazil is the largest producer of coffee and produces an estimated one third of world’s total coffee produce.

The study of foreign direct investment between China and Brazil is of great importance because it aids in the understanding of the dynamics involved in the country’s foreign investments. Research studies indicate that there is a direct relationship between FDI and financial markets. According to research studies, structural changes in financial markets have been used in attracting FDI.

Two of the greatest economists of all time was Adam Smith and Karl Marx. They came from different worlds and espoused different ideas, but their works became classics and influenced the way we regard economics and even politics today. Their influence is seen everywhere. There was an important difference between the two, however.

It is characterized by specific wording and order in order to ensure that each question is answered by the respondent.  Each question is also explained and defined to ensure that the respondents would answer and treat each question consistently. The response is prescribed and formatted in order to ensure easy and speedy completion of a questionnaire.

Change must take place at the best of times. It eases up processes and is presented as a quick-fix solution to the issues that the organizations of today are faced up with. The change regimes are seen as having a pragmatic effect on the people because their work tasks become manageable and their respective work zones are given facilitation.

The producers make and sell their products in the markets, places where buyers and sellers meet, to achieve the highest possible profit they can get. So the goal of the firm is profit maximization. We shall study the two types of markets – perfect competition and monopoly, and discuss why in the long run the former earn a normal profit.

The PRC has registered an impressive annual growth rate of over 7 percent with a historic 10% in 2010. This paradox has attracted many people’s attention arousing their interest to investigate the strange phenomenon. This study draws the following five factors as the main reasons behind the sustained country’s rapid economic growth.

This debt is outstanding and financed through borrowing (Wells & Krugman, 2009). These finances are necessary for funding government operations and implementing monetary policies that solve the populace’s problems and cushion them against recessive economies. The following theories affirm that there is no alarm when government acquires debt.

The German economy was drastically affected by World War II because of a number of reasons. Germany was the most badly affected country and there was little hope of restoration of its economic strength because the economic assault had begun years before the war and the war only aggravated the already detrimental situation.

Beijing is the official capital of the country, Shanghai is the largest city and a financial hub of the nation. China is a vast country having most of the climatic and topographical diversities within its boundaries. From the High and rough Himalayas and Karakorum’s in the North West to the Gobi desert in the East and the wetlands and subtropical landscapes to the South East.

Name Institution Course Instructor Date Quantitative Easing Stimulating the economy of a country requires unconventional measures that involve monetary policies such as quantitative easing. In such a case, a country’s central bank purchases financial assets from banks and any other private sector business with new electronically created money in order to inject a pre-determined amount of money in the economy of the country (Mayer, 2010:266).

It would take another war to annex Venice, and the end of the First World War for Italy to take into its fold the Trieste and Trento territories. The literature notes further, that while political integration was a sure thing, market forces and the varying economic fundamentals of the different Italian regions meant that actual economic integration took longer to accomplish, and the diffusion of economic growth among regions in Italy, and in other parts of the Europe, likewise took a long time to happen (Missiaia1-3).

The changes in technology have also forced the HR function to plan for the issues of ergonomics since the increased interaction of the employees with machines requires safety measures. The advancement in technology and the increased innovations have created an avenue through which employees can use their time entertaining themselves.