Medical science Essays

According to Steinberg (2009:104), sickle cell anaemia arises when a person has abnormal haemoglobin leading to a halt in proper oxygen transportation. It is

The author recognizes that he has grown as a person through recognizing that he is capable of setting a goal and achieving it through motivation and dedicated pursuit of it in reasonable ways. As a counselor, he hopes he will be able to apply these same principles to help individuals in their own quests for personal development.

Unknown #20 was obtained from the instructor. The procedure followed was as stated in Bergey’s manual. The unknown was streak out using the T streak

At present in the UK, body weight and management have become a major issue. It is claimed in clinical interventions focus that body mass index (BMI) > 25 is excess fatness/weight, termed as obese and results in high risk of morbidity or mortality and this risk can be reduced in obese people by loss in weight or fat ultimately resulting in improving their overall health.

The arrests were part of a nationwide sweep that resulted in charges against 243 individuals, including 46 doctors, nurses, and other licensed medical professionals, accused of bilking the government with $712 million in false billings. In Metro Detroit, the arrested included six doctors, a social worker, a pharmacist, and two physical therapists.

It is uncertain whether Genentech will face any legal consequence should adverse effects occur for patients due to off-label use, other than the physician who administers it. Still, Genentech restricted the distribution of the drug even if it is not illegal for physicians to use it beyond the drug’s indication. 

A continued assessment is very important for Rodrigo Mendoza because he had such a change in his personality after facing such horrific events as losing his brother. Before the big change, Rodrigo Mendoza was a big shot in the tribe, negatively. Everybody feared him and he had a lot of command to the people.  

The author of this paper states that expansive and continued research and experimentation in the field of genetic engineering and the cloning of organisms will produce major breakthroughs in the science and engineering field about the knowledge of organism and especially human anatomy in the genetics topic.

Lymphocytes are one of the five kinds of white blood cells or leukocytes, circulating in the blood. They are further classified as the B-lymphocytes (B-Cells), and the T-lymphocytes (T-Cells). B-cells are not only produced but also mature in the bone marrow. The precursors of the T-cells leave the bone marrow and their maturation takes place in the Thymus gland.

The research focused on the day to day practice in relation to conceptions of good practice and practice dilemma in pharmacy practice. The research addressed factors that what would make someone a good pharmacist and shared work situations that would be made uncomfortable,or where pharmacist have to make compromises with regards to laws.

According to statistics are given by the Centers for Illness and Prevention, 1925 cases of malaria were detected. This constituted approximately 70% of the population that was affected. The 70% cases were from people who had toured the outside U.S predominantly West Africa and others from India. In the U.S, only five cases were reported, and this was approximately 0.25% of the population.

In detail, the wide and flattened distal end of the humerus, specifically the middle trochlea, articulates with the proximal end of ulna, while its lateral capitulum articulates with the radial head at the proximal end of the radius. Besides, posterior to the trochlea is the olecranon fossa, and above this space is the posterior capsular attachment of the humerus.

A few reasons for and against medical malpractice caps are provided. On the one hand, it would assist in controlling costs related to health care. Apart from this doctors are often forced to exercise defensive medicine; i.e. the doctors must focus on not getting sued rather than recovering patient. On the other hand, the cap might provide very modest negotiating an opportunity for the settlements.

Mental illnesses justify the use of pills for medication. Gavin, for instance, has a schizoaffective disorder. The pills help him distinguish between hallucinations and reality. Without the pills, Gavin loses all fear and can boast of flying outside the window or even rushing head-on towards vehicles.

In many cases, individuals dying from prolonged but fatal diseases such as HIV and Aids, cancer or multiple sclerosis, are able to live out the latter part of their illness with dignity and comfort due to hospice care. The purpose of this paper is to research and examine this very specialized field of medicine which ensures comfort and kindness to the dying.

The research paper is part of the categorical steps taken towards realizing and bringing out an ultimate response to the effects of the infection among human beings and other living animals like dogs and foxes. Moreover,

When discussing topics of epidemiology, we usually think of outbreaks of diseases that can affect a community and continue to spread, unless isolated.  Additionally, it is common to assume that diseases which threaten to become epidemics, are lurking amongst the routine germs that everyone is exposed to regularly. Many diseases that act in this way are not as preventable as others. This, however, does not mean that they cannot be an epidemic.  

This paper presents a review of the article on the protective properties of the normal flora in the reproductive tract. The article characterises the vaginal microflora on the postpartum cows by comparing the healthy cows with those suffering from endometritis. The study used sampling of five healthy and five cows with the condition of interest.

Evidence-Based Practice started as evidence-based medicine with its basic principles that all decisions should be based on the research studies and the research studies to be interpreted according to the norms characteristic of Evidence-Based Practice. These norms included: theoretical studies, qualitative and quantitative studies.

It is essential to state that physicians are individuals providing healthcare services and there is an expected shortage of these professionals in future, they can work in several settings and they attain the highest paying jobs and due to this their career is considered as the fastest-growing career.

Animal testing has contributed to understanding how to treat malaria, Leukemia, and other major diseases that eliminated a very high number of human populations in the past. Animals are the best research subjects because they share similar characteristics to human beings. For instance, Chimpanzees have 99% DNA similarity with humans (Hayhurst, 2000). 

Media has essential nutritive components that support bacterial growth. Microorganisms can acquire nutrients from the media to sustain their growth. Some media have substances that may inhibit or enhance the growth of some bacteria; hence such media is

My exposure to the pain and trauma of my parent’s patients has made me particularly conscious of how physically vulnerable humanity is to the ravages of disease and has made me conclude that good health is the basis of happiness: everything else, including economic prosperity, comes in at second best!

Euthanasia is wrong and considered assisted suicide. Doctors should weigh options in such a case before putting the patient’s wishes into effect. However, euthanasia is a personal decision and if a patient decides to end their lives, the doctors should not interfere. Informed consent in medical ethics aims at providing support.

Exposure of subendothelial collagen, activation of platelets, and the initiation of the coagulation cascade follow a vascular injury (Kahner et al. 2006). The platelets are activated by the released ADP in an autocrine and paracrine fashion, from damaged cells at places of vascular injury (Offerman et al. 2006).

The main objective of cleaning (with the help of washer decontaminators) medical instruments is to provide completely clean and hygienic medical devices, which are not dangerous for the Reprocessing personals and have received the proper treatment to disinfect and sterilize medical devices (Ryan, 2005, 15).

The orifice plate inserted in the pipe causes an increase in flow velocity and a corresponding decrease in pressure. The flow pattern shows an effective decrease in cross-section beyond the orifice plate, with maximum velocity and minimum pressure at the vena contract. The flow pattern and the sharp leading edge of the orifice plate.

The use of PEEP in ventilated patients is not simply connecting a patient to a system of monitoring or regular feeding. It involves several factors to be considered before, during and at the end of usage. The factors to be accounted for before the use of PEEP may simply be the question of whether the patient requires mechanical ventilation.

About 48 million people acquire foodborne illnesses in the USA every year. Of these, an estimated 3000 people succumb to death while there are about 128,000 admitted to hospital beds on a yearly basis. In Canada, the estimated number of foodborne illnesses that occur yearly ranges between 11 million and 13 million. 

The existing inconsistencies in the medical profession depicts different strategies of using anticoagulant as the effective strategy in managing or preventing stroke, especially in patients suffering from Atrial Fibrillation calls for an assessment of the best anticoagulant and the benefits of such in the management approach.

Consequently, the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases has also increased. In an annual report of a screening program by the Department of Health, it has been noted that Chlamydia trachomatis infection has become “the most commonly diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom.

Staphylococcus has various types; one important one is the methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. The organism causes nosocomial or hospital acquired infections.

I put my best efforts in orienting the most suitable frame that I could offer to the client to comfort him. I was also very good at holding him in difficult and sensitive situations. To sum up, my therapy sessions were very successful and I learned my strengths and weaknesses which I will definitely consider in my future sessions.

aureus (inhibition diameter of 30mm) and Gram negative bacteria (P. aureginosa and E. coli at inhibition diameters of 30 and 20 mm). Spic and span contains various chemicals including octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and dioctyl dimethyl ammonium

Test for detection of upper possible disorders: spirometry (pulmonary function test). The reasons of lungs defects may be Pneumothorax (air in the intrapleural space); Pneumonia (contamination of the alveoli, caused by bacteria); Tuberculosis (continued pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis). 

Biofilms are readily formed by most known pathogens and consist of extracellular polysaccharide encased micro-colonies. Biofilms enclosure within the polymer matrix restricts the diffusion of antimicrobial through the diffusion barrier. The

This paper illustrates that in dogs, sotalol was very effective in lowering the heartbeat rate. The effect of propranolol was greater than sotalol in the untreated dogs. Speaking of propranolol, it is a very potent and pure antagonist which blocks the beta1 and beta 2 receptors. It is a highly lipid soluble drug and it enters the brain easily.

Hormones have a major role in the physiological processes in the body. Their functions include reproduction and sexual differentiation, development and growth, maintenance of the internal environment, and regulation of metabolism and nutrient supply (Nussey & Whitehead 2001). A single hormone may affect more than one of these functions.

According to the essay findings, it can, therefore, be said that Choco-Ice claim of using new modern candies, chocolate, ice cream, and cookies should be legalized in order to make the children become better with regards to their immune system. In this case, the people here are mainly children who are allergic to some food items.

According to the researchers, sleep has two basic stages, namely, the non-sleep rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. Besides, it should be pointed out that these two stages are determined by measuring the electrical changes in the brain using the equipment called electroencephalograms (EEGs).

The administration of medication on patients is one of the most sensitive responsibilities of the nurses. As much as 44,000 – 98,000 Americans die due to adverse drug reactions caused by medical administration errors. A total of 426 medication-related malpractice cases were submitted to the court against the registered nurses who administer wrong medications to the patients in the United States.

Acetylcholine is used alone and in combination with homatropine, both being used in varying concentrations, to test how competitive they are in joint action. The results of Schild's analysis revealed that the drug homatropine is a competitive antagonist for acetylcholine, both competing exclusively for the muscarinic M1 type cholinergic receptors.

lysis of DNA methylation is key to understanding the epigenetic of mammalian cells (Egger, Wielscher, Pulverer, Kriegnfer & Weinhäusel, 2012, p 77). DNA methylation entails adding a methyl group to carbon-5 position to a cytosine and observing the implications and repressions

A recent article raised the issue of whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is currently being performed in the most effective manner (Lindsey,2005) According to the article, many of the skills that are carefully taught in CPR classes are neglected in the stress of an actual real-life emergency.

The infection routes of pathogens include the ascending route where bacteria pass from the urethra to the bladder and kidney and the haematogenous route where the infection origin is the blood (Tadesse & Alem, 2006). The clinical features include the lower urinary tract

In the past few decades, humans have made spectacular advances in medical sciences however even to this day finding a perfect cure to cancer remains a big challenge. Cancer oriented research has tried to unravel the various pathways of the disease, the molecules involved and the genetics and epigenetics of the problem in order to completely understand cancer and design appropriate therapies for treatment.

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is an established treatment for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and chronic, stable hypoxemia (Weitzenblum, E et al 1995). The main goal of oxygen therapy is to relieve tissue hypoxia thereby reducing the level of pulmonary vasoconstriction in cases of respiratory disorders.

It is quite essential to say that the post accurately reviews the article, though the figure 32269 was before the exclusion criteria and the actual participants were 1506. The post’s definition of relative risk is also accurate but restricted to the scope of disease susceptibility (Dishman, Heath and Lee, 2012).

2013). Proteins are the basis of living tissues. They are made up of amino acids coded by the genes. They are multi-performing substances for various biological processes such transport of oxygen, transmit cellular messages, and catalyze body reactions and many

The contextual CS and the cued CS is different. They have the same emotional responses, they have different processing pathways in the brain. Amygdala has been always considered as an essential part of fear conditioning. Lesions of amygdala interfere with acquisitions and expression of emotional responses conditions to both cued and contextual CSS.