Porposal for PhD admission and study - Admission/Application Essay Example

To further exploit the findings, and their applications in the modern research especially for biomedicine, the present study is being proposed. The research proposal is based on nonmagnetic gene transfection, a promising technique which has found its way in the biomedical investigation (Fouriki, 2010). Some of the studies that were performed using non-magnetic gene transfection, with novel magnetic arrays revealed promising outcomes for attractive gene liberations. The process includes a plasmid DNA carrying luciferase reporter gene.

This reporter gene is bonded with nano-particles viz. nTmag nanTherics or OzBiosciences polymag - by means of charge interface. MG-63 osteosarcoma like cells were adhered to the bottom of the culture wells and transfection using the magnefect-nano systems. The transfection protocol involves adding the DNA-magnetic nanoparticle complex over in suspension to the adhered cells and placing the culture plates over two magnet arrays. The results favored nanTherics nTmag as well as oscillating magnetic arrays with varying frequencies.

Introduction Last decade witnessed the implementation of magnetic technology for its exploitation related to the uptake of DNA siRNA by the cell as well as the formation of the related protein in the culture. Mah et al were pioneer in using the technology of magnetic nano-particles. It is essential to tag a reporter gene to mark the inserted gene expression. The reporter molecule that was taken by Mah et al was GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein). Magnetic nano-particles are exploited to manipulate the cellular metabolism.

The process encompass a coating of polymers on the magnetic nano-particles, these nano-molecules are then bound to antigens. It is these antigens which aid in targeting the specific location. On application of definite magnetic field, either static magnetic field or the time-dependent magnetic field, power is exercised on the constituent part, either the cell membrane or the cell skeleton. Thus a chemical reaction occurs inside the cell (Fouriki, 2010). Present era is genome era and gene therapy is making its way through various genetic combinations to cure the ailments.

For the effective manipulation appropriate genetic transfection agent is desired. As mentioned magnetic nanoparticles are becoming the key agents for genetic transfection. These agents assist the therapeutic or the reporter genes to target the desired cells or the organs, both in vitro for necessary explorations and also in vivo for therapeutic relevance. The technique finds its superiority over the use of viral vectors because of the safety concerns, and hence the technique is gaining prominence.

The technique employs the static as well as oscillating arrays of magnets. The DNA in such magnefect systems is fastened to the magnetic nanoparticles. The plates are then placed on the oscillating arrays of magnets. The magnetic force excite the uptake of the genetic material and hence the process of transfection takes place. The process is faster as compared to other conventional means. In the procedure DNA is taken up via endocytosis process. As soon as it is inside the cell, it results in the activation of proton pump that ruptures the endosome and hence results in the release of DNA.

The magnetic for