The Prior Information in Our Brains - Case Study Example

Theories that touch us deep or simulate our concepts and visions Theories that simulate our concepts and visions Cognitive HumilityGarry Marcus who is a cognitive scientist and a writer says that Hamlet could have concluded that humans creatures are infinite in faculty and noble in reason, however, considering reality, evidence from four decades of tests in cognitive psychology have revealed that our minds are far from noble and very finite. According to Garry Marcus, Establishing our mind limits can aid us to be people who can reason in a concrete manner. Comparing his work and argument, human being are still distinctive in a special manner. Nearly all those limits begin with a unique fact concerning memory of the human being: however human beings are somehow smart at storing or keeping most information in their brains, unfortunately they are weak in retrieving that same information. Recognizing high school or college photos from respective yearbooks is possible after some decades yet it becomes a daring task to recall whatever we had for lunch in previous day or a week ago. Faulty memories are famous for leading to erroneous witness testimony plus unfair imprisonment, friction in marriages as a result of overlooked anniversaries and even fetal deaths (In Kowalski 2012). For instance, skydivers are assumed to be forgetting to trigger their ripcords: this is approximated to be the responsible cause of fetal deaths as a result of skydiving, representing almost six percent of the deaths. Computer memory is much specialized as compared to human memory since early computer scientists devised a trick that was never discovered by early evolution: organizing information accordingly in an organized way and assigning different information a slot by mapping them into different map segment. All the information is automatically retrieved from the segment revealing how the computers are organized in as much as they work almost the same way the human beings operate in terms of thinking and reasoning. Human beings seem to lack that organized schema that computers inhibit and instead salvage information in a very far much haphazard manner, through use of cues or clues to whatever it is looking for instead of establishing in prior where the given information lies in the brain. In consequence, human memories cannot be accessed as reliably or as systematically as those of internet database or computer memories. Instead, our memories are firmly subject to context. For instance, scuba divers are very good in memorizing and remembering some words they learn under the water when they undergo some tests beneath water relative to the test done to them on land, even if the wordings doesn’t have anything to do with the sea. At times, this sensitivity to context is beneficial. Human beings are better capable of remembering whatever they know about cooking when they are actually in the kitchen rather than when they are skiing and the reverse is true and justifiable. However, it comes at a cost: whenever we need to recall some particular thoughts in a situation apart from the one in which it was well stored or kept. For instance, one major challenge in the education sector is to have children implement whatever they have learned or practiced in school and apply them to real life situations, partly because there is a notion that whatever has been learned or practiced in school should remain in school and its environs. The direst consequence is that we tend almost invariably to be smart at recalling consistent evidence with their respective beliefs rather than disconfirming them. When there is a disagreement, it is always as a result of their advance beliefs that lead them to remembering or focusing on different sections of evidence. Considering something well of course is evaluating both sides of a given argument, however not unless we cover the extra mile of forcing ourselves to deliberately consider available alternatives; not anything that naturally come by. Human beings are more prone to remembering evidence consistent with a particular proposition rather than inconsistency with it. Overcoming and dealing with this mental weakness, well known as confirmation bias is a long life struggle: acknowledging that we are all suffering from it is an important move. To some extent, we can be aware of such limitations in the brain, we are able to work around it, compensating for tendencies that are inborn towards biased recollections and self-serving by taming ourselves to consider both data that might wrestle with our beliefs and the information that could lead other individuals to possess beliefs that differ from ours. To my personal thinking, Marcus is very correct and human beings lack certain special brain features that may be able to assist them in managing whatever they store in their brains (Schroeder 1990). A major factor is to understand the process of learning and coming up with regimen for training that comprises or brings together team group region of proximal progress and how and where we desire them to apply the already acquired skills and knowledge that is required of them from us. As much as we might appreciate the leadership techniques that a fresh graduate may have, we may as well need to establish how these skills may not manifest in the organization’s accounting department. It is somehow tough to recognize or overcome whatever biased we have applied in certain decision making capability, however not only will this nature your decision capability but as well will enhance other’s view on your leadership. An individual thinking procedure may be subjected to at least 60 different categories of bias. Life after death Life after living things’ death as per the book “Biocentrism” which explains the way consciousness and life are the main pillars to understanding Universe naturally, triggered different reactions since it had a notion that there is no end to life after death and life exist persistently. This book’s author, scientist Dr. Robert Lanza is not doubtful that this is very possible. Dr. Lanza is a specialist in regenerative medicine and a director at the Advanced Cell Technology firm. Before, he has been involved in extensive stem cell research and is also famously known for various successful procedures in cloning endangered animal species. Not for so long, the scientist got involved with issues to do with physics, astrophysics and quantum mechanics. This robust mixture has led to fresh biocentrism theory which has seen the professor preach about severally. Biocentrism claims that consciousness and life are two fundamental things to the Universe. Consciousness is the one responsible for the creation of material universe and not the other way as may be (Farrington 2005). The scientist points to the structure of Universe on its own, and that the forces, laws and constants within the universe seem to be fine-tuned for living things life, meaning that intelligence was in existence prior to matter. Lanza also argues that space and time are not things or objects, instead tools used for animal understanding. He claims that human being carry time and space around them just like the turtles with their shells. This means that eventually when the shell comes off that is space and time, human being still exists. The theory explains that conscious death does not exist at all. It only exists as a brain thought since human beings recognize themselves from their own bodies. People believe that their bodies will perish, sooner or at a later stage, thinking that their consciousness will as well disappear. If the body is responsible for generation of consciousness, then it dies when the body happens to die. But in the event that the body receives consciousness just the way a cable box receives signals of the satellite, then definitely consciousness does not come to a halt when living things’ body dies. In fact, consciousness does exist outside the constraints of space and time. It has the capability of existing anywhere; that is both internally and externally in the human body. This is to mean that it is not local just the same way quantum objects are not local. According to Dr. Lanza, multiple universes can be in existence concurrently. In one particular Universe, the body may be dead while in the other it continues existing while it absorbs consciousness which had migrated into this specific Universe. It implies that while a dead person is travelling through the same tunnel will not end up in heaven or hell, but in a world similar to what he or she once lived in, but this time very alive. It is somehow similar to a cosmic Russian doll afterlife effect. This hope instilling, but exceedingly controversial theory according to Lanza has several unwitting supporters. There are astrophysicists and physicists who tend to come into terms with the presence of parallel universes and at the same time suggest the likelihood of multiple universes. Multi-universe which is scientifically known as Multiverse is a scientific notion which they strongly defend. According to their own belief, there is no existing physical laws that proscribes the presence of parallel ecospheres. The first was from a science fiction artist, H.G Wells. After a period of 62 years, the same idea was advanced by Dr. H Everett in his graduate thesis at University of Princeton. It posits that every time the universe splits into similar countless instances. The next juncture, the newly born universes break or divide in a similar way. One maybe present in some of these worlds: perusing over this discourse in one world or even watching an interesting movie in a different one. The triggering reason behind the multiplying universes is our deeds, explained Everett. In case some choices are made, one universe splits instantly to two different outcome versions (Lahav 1999). The account of quantum consciousness clarifies things like near death occurrence, out of body experiences, astral projection and reincarnation without appealing to religious ideology. Energy of consciousness theoretically gets recycled back into a different human body at some level while it exists outside the physical body on different level of reality and most probably in a different universe. References Farrington, D. P. (2005). Integrated developmental & life-course theories of offending. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. In Kowalski, D. A. (2012).The Big bang theory and philosophy: Rock, paper, scissors, Aristotle, Locke. Lahav, N. (1999). Biogenesis: Theories of lifes origin. New York: Oxford University Press. Schroeder, G. L. (1990). Genesis and the big bang: The discovery of harmony between modern science and the Bible. New York: Bantam Books. Read More