Substance Use, Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence - Case Study Example

Substance Abuse Question Substance use, Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence Substance use as a disorder incorporates the disorder whereby the utilization of a single or several substances results to a defect or distress that is significant clinically. According to the DSM, substance abuse is the consumption of a substance whereby the consumer uses the substance in quantities or using methods that are harmful to their health or the health of others. According to the world health organization, substance misuse includes the utilization of a material substance for the function which, does of concur with the lawful or health stipulations. Lastly, dependence refers to a condition that is able to adopt and which occurs from recurring substance administration, whereby outcomes in withdrawal upon avoidance of the substance utilization. Tolerance This situation is manifested through heightened amount and significant reduction in the influence. Withdrawal This state involves signs such as the taking of a substance to ease withdrawal. Using More of a Substance The act intends to administer larger volumes of a substance for extended durations. Futile Attempts to cut substance away The utilization continues even with the understanding of adverse effects associated with the substance. For instance, there is a failure in ascertaining the intended compulsion and consumed when dangerous physically. Downtime from Substance There are massive efforts and activity to acquire so as to restore the normal condition. Professionals who give a diagnosis of dependence must state whether the client’s presenting symptoms also show physiological signs, such as tolerance or withdrawal. Tolerance is a necessary element of substance used in order to get the desired effect. Abuse DSM Criteria Substance abusers are distinct in their features since they manifest some characteristics that are unique and are consistent with others. The substance abusers engage in the activities because of almost similar reasons and manifest a common urge as well. To a greater degrees, research initiatives have confirmed that the relationship between the individuals and the activities is compulsion leading to a little or no resistance to the urge. The main criteria observed in the case of abuse is the recurrence and in such situation, all effects have to relate to the predetermined factor. i) repetition in the use of substance to the extent that leads to the inability to meet the demands of the main requirements of the responsibility at the places of work at home together with school as well. For instance, the associated occurrences might be constant failure to report to school, dismal performance attributed to the use of substance, suspensions caused by poor performance or else failures to report and evasion of responsibility such as neglecting children or the entire household. ii) Continued use of the substance even in situations where the practice is considered dangerous. For instance, use of a substance whilst driving a vehicle or else operating a machine when the individuals deeds are controlled by a substance. iii) Frequent legal troubles attributed to the use of a substance. The main scenario that depicts the explained aspect is the arrests made on an individual due to a messy conduct facilitated by the use of a substance or substances. The substance use happens to compromise mental control of an individual leading to mannerless behavior amidst others regardless of the place. An individual meets the criteria when the arrests are frequent and attribute to substance use. iv) Recurrent substance use in spite of experiencing regular troubles ranging from interpersonal to social because of or aggravated by the influence of substance such as engaging in assaults or arguments because of drug intoxications. In the scenarios described here it is imperative to understand that in order for a person to meet the criteria for substance abuse, they cannot have met the criteria for substance dependence ever before. Substance misuse would be to take drastic amounts of dosage that is needed. There are standards used in ascertaining the situation such as efficient, organized assessments of substance use disorders are vital in clinical research, treatment planning as well as referral to adjunctive services (Samet, 2007). Question 2 Understanding and recognition of substance abuse Substance abuse is a behavior, and one of the reasons for the assessment of behavior is to identify and recognize various aspects of the behavior. In the quest to understand substance abuse, it is important to devise criteria for its identification. The recognition demands that, the provisions that mark the characteristics are ascertained. Then, the understanding would result from successful determination of the recognition activity. Classification of the behavior Assessment of the substance abuse with the intention of classifying the behavior demands prior setting of standards and being determined to achieve them. The categorization of substance abuse can involve determination of factors such as causes, degree of the act as well as consideration of health outcomes. The classification phase of behavior is critical as it assist in the formulation of means to be applied in the succeeding processes. Prediction of behavior In every scenario, it is important to predict behavior and in the case of substance abuse, prediction can involve causes and effects. The behavior can be predicted by evaluating the stages through which the habit transverse in an individual. Prediction as a function of assessment is similar to other functions as it can help in formulating the means to recover the individual. Treatment and Recovery Evaluation of substance abuse leads to its identification, classification, understanding and the overall means of prediction. It is also coincidental that these are the fundamental purposes of psychological interventions on behavior and the required knowledge for restoring the individual. Therefore, treatment is possible for the assessment. Question 3 Time for administering the interview Considering the fact that the interview involves substance abuse, and the outcome relies on verbal response, proper timing is appropriate. For instance, it is necessary to interview the individual while in a sober state. The interviewee is able to think critically when sober irrespective of the level of critique, and deliver rational judgment. Again, the speed matters especially when considering the validity of a response. For instance, if the speed is faster validity of the results would become challenging and so the validity. Being that reliability depends on the validity, any interference with the latter affects the former adversely. Client’s discomfort with fully disclosing relevant information Validity concerns the truthfulness of the information whilst reliability concerns the ability of the result to be important in addressing the intended purpose. In a situation whereby the interviewee is not comfortable with giving the information, limitations may arise. In this context, limitations might promote delivery of inaccurate information and, as a result, there is interference of credibility as well as reliability. Professional’s lack of knowledge Reliability and validity demands utmost precision for their achievement and the desire is more technical in behavior evaluation (Dawe et al., 2002). Inadequate knowledge in assessment of the behavior and proper tackling of interview demands interfere adversely with validity. Lack of adequate knowledge implies that the individual has no proper understanding, and this impedes the ability to predetermine the scope of the interview. As a result, the interview will not address its intentions fully besides applying the best criteria. Question 4 Importance of confidentiality Eliminates stereotype Provided that the interviewee remains unexposed following the information given, no persecutions, judgments as well as despise might arise. Therefore, no stereotype can be formed against the interviewee due to confidentiality. Invaluable and accurate answers The interviewee is open and gives information that is necessary and in their original form. Accurate information is the objective of every interview as it is valid fosters reliability. Thus, the therapist can make a critical evaluation and formulate a rational judgment eventually. Utmost Confidence The interviewee is confident, and confidence is a treasured trait for maintaining sobriety in every situation. Therefore, the interviewee can deliver as per the desired quality of information so that the therapist can help in developing conclusions. Question 5 Defense countertransference Emanates from the conflicts of the therapist manifested in response to the patient’s treatment. Conflicts in the therapist are likely to impede successful reasoning for effective analysis from the therapeutic perspective. Reactive countertransference Incorporates the therapist’s reactions to the effect of intensive emotions originating from the patient. The patient’s emotions are tempting due to their persuasive characteristic that also tend to attract sympathy. The therapist must remain strong emotionally so as to deliver effective therapy. Induced countertransference. Refers to the empathetic procedure, a suggestive effect that transverses to the therapist from the patient. Outstanding attitude in the therapist is necessary for solving the client’s psychological needs and proper decisiveness in reasoning is the solution to the tempting situations. Question 6 Substance consumption Preoccupation and loss of control Adverse consequences Problem recognition Tolerance and withdrawal Question 7 Qualities Manifested in a Good Therapists Factual and authentic: a professional therapist should be real and authentic so as to be open and avoid defensiveness. The traits are essential as they encourage the impartiality and enhance critical analysis. Relates as an equal purpose: the patient and therapist have to ally in an equal and respectful context for effectiveness in the therapy. Consistent: the therapist should be available besides being confident to handle the feeling expressions during the therapy. Honest and a role model: the therapist should be honest in their endeavors and depict a good behavior that is desirable by other people during therapy. Read More