Human Development in Children and Adolescents - Coursework Example

Human Development in Children and Adolescent Affiliation Human development in children and adolescence Physical development is part of the human development that is a well-being concept contained in the international development field. In children and adolescent, human development involves three domains that include physical development, cognitive and psychosocial development. The study involves the scrutiny of the conditions of the body and all the changes that it comes with. Physical development involves the changes that take place within the body of a human being from the time of birth all through to death. They include weight, height, and complexion, development of organs and growth of bones. Cognitive development, on the other hand, is the development of the human mind (Joiner, 2012). All the changes that take place within the minds of children and adolescent from the time of birth all fall under this domain. It involves obtaining information, processing and using the information. They include imagining, perceiving, reasoning, and problem-solving methods. Finally, psychosocial developments are the changes in our emotions, personality and the relationships children and adolescent get involved in. It is our identity and the way we see ourselves. All these three domains will affect the growth of children, and they are the ones used in giving the differences within these two distinct age groups. In the development of children and adolescent, the three domains will define the kind of health the children will lead. In this case, our main interest is in obesity in the two age groups and its prevention, the activities that will be recommended by the age groups in preventing and containing this vice amongst the age groups (Price et al., 2007) Impacts on the development of children and adolescents From the time of birth and development, children and adolescent develop skills that are required and that will help them in understanding, responding to, and participation within their environment. In addition, the developed skills help them during the interaction with their parents, peers, and caregivers. The main activity through which the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developments can be achieved is through play. Play as an activity may be associated more with only one area of development; the general contribution is in the overall development of health of children and adolescent (Joiner, 2012). Obesity is one of the diseases affecting most of the children today and, for this reason, there is much being done in its prevention. There are approaches from family based on school-based put forward in preventing obesity; also, there are barriers involved and opportunities that are associated with its secondary prevention. The most important time of risk is the time of adolescent and adiposity rebound. At the period of adiposity rebound, it is still not clear that the changes in the body fats are attributed to early rebound. Most of the families and schools have now become so cautious in dealing with this issue among the children and adolescents. In this case, there is much need for balancing the fat level of their bodies apart from watching the kind of food consumed by the group (Price et al., 2007). The main activity employed by the parents and teachers in play. Play as an activity works best with most of the people within this group. Play, as an activity will affect the physical development of the child directly in burning the excess fats within their bodies. Physical Development Physical development in children Physical development in children involves the physical growth and changes within the body of children. Through play, the children will be able to break down the excess fats in their bodies that may cause obesity. In children, there are several ways of performing the physical exercise. At infancy, the child can be placed on her tummy on the bed or in any safe area on the floor. The child is then encouraged to raise head and tummy from the floor (Schunk & Meece, 2006). In addition, the parent should put some toys somewhere out of reach of the child to encourage them to crawl and scoot. There are several ways of encouraging physical development and exercise in children. The exercises in turn will make them grow a healthy life free from obesity. Physical development in adolescents In the adolescent, there are also several activities involving play that are very relevant in making them lead a healthy life. Anything that will facilitate movement in adolescent is much encouraged. Play, in this case, is the best way of keeping this group from obesity and related diseases. Also. Activities like dance will encourage movement. Children develop good motor skills through art activities using crayons, glue, scissors and paint, and through dress-up activities. In addition, riding toys, swings, and climbing structures help children gain strength, dexterity and coordination. Walking a chalk line or playing hopscotch helps preschoolers develop balance and coordination (Schunk & Meece, 2006). Physical development helps the adolescence in different ways in performance in the classrooms. In this case, a student who is more active will be able to concentrate more in class compared to others who are less active. The physical changes in the body of an adolescence is also affected by the kind of physical exercises they undertake. Those who do not keep their bodies active tends to have more fats compared to the active ones and most of them develops obesity (Price, et al., 2007). Cognitive Development Engaging students in activities like solving problems, classifying, sorting, understanding and the use of information will promote their cognitive development. Apart from engaging children in the watching TV, the children should be encouraged to be involved in other activities that in turn will help them to grow healthy and very safe from other disease-causing organisms. In the end, the step will make them involved (Rollins & Hart 2013). Watching TV is found to be promoting obesity as the mind of a child is completely fixed on one thing, and they are not able to reason well in such circumstances. According to Child Care Help, playing peek-a-boo with the child will promote their intellectual development by enabling them understand how one disappears and appears again (Joiner, 2012). The game of shape sorters will help the children in developing problem-solving skills. Other games that will promote cognitive development includes age-appropriate puzzles, games involving sorting, matching games, and block play engages children in an activity that requires work intellectual working through any problem. Cognitive development is key in all the children and adolescence and therefor these groups should be guided towards achieving this kind of development. In most of cases, cognitive will be much needed in their classwork activities (Schunk & Meece, 2006). Children with good and effective cognitive development will perform well in class and most cases are very active in whatever they do because their confidence are very high in most of the cases. Psychosocial Development Psychosocial development works best in an environment where children can express their feelings, and curiosity freely at the same time explore and play freely. In breeding creative expressions, children will require music, arts, movements and open-ended arts that will rejuvenate the functions of their bodies. Here, it will be possible for them to think more and always wants to be active. Obesity in children is mostly because of inactiveness amongst children and therefore children with good psychosocial development will not fall victim. Parents also need to foster and encourage psychosocial development by allowing their children to explore and express their feelings freely (Price et al., 2007). Children and adolescents should be granted the chance to listen and move to music very freely in making them more active and to foster their psychosocial development. In this development, children are, therefore, should be allowed to make up stories and narrate them at the same time, move freely to music and instruments and develop confidence in their expressions and in their own ideas. Appropriate development among the children and youths is one of the fundamental activities that should be actively be looked into in attaining the good health of the children and in putting them in good shape. Comparing the children with the best development and the ones who are normally confined to the house, research show that the ones who are confined in houses are more susceptible and prone to obesity and once attacked, they will not have the confidence to interact with other (Schunk & Meece, 2006). At this stage, the child will prefer to stay where their peers cannot see them, and the place to be is the house. The feelings and curiosity of children and adolescence must be met in most of the cases for their proper and healthy development. These groups of people always tends to try everything that come their way and in this case proper guidance is needed for them to have a proper and healthy adulthood. In the prevention of obesity among this group, the students are required to be more and always active. For their curiosity to be met, parent in most of the cases should give this group some guided freedom to explore (Joiner, 2012). Age-appropriate game There are several games available for both the children and the adolescent that are necessary for their development. These games help the children to improve their cognitive, physical and psychosocial developments. The main activity that is applicable to both age group is the social, physical skill activity. Social skills are achieved when the children play together. In this case, the children can develop their social behavior. When the children and adolescents involve themselves in a regular physical activity, they promote their health and fitness and, therefore, their bodies becomes more active are very capable of fighting any disease-causing microorganisms organism. Comparing the active children and the inactive ones, the active counterparts are physically active and have a higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness with stronger muscles stronger muscles, the active children are found to have lower body fatness with strong bones and at the same time, they do have lower symptoms of depression and anxiety. With regular physical activity, the children are entitled to have a healthy adulthood. Active children and adolescent are normally not prone to chronic diseases, as heart diseases, and hypertension and the children will have reduced risk factors (Price, et al., 2007). Children and youth achieve good health benefits by doing good, moderate and consistent physical exercise for a period. These activities in exercise are so diverse and one has to choose the exercise that are appropriate for them. References Joiner, L. (2012). The big book of therapeutic activity ideas for children and teens: Inspiring arts-based activities and character education curricula. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ovid Technologies, Inc. (2007). Lewis child and adolescent psychiatry: A comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Price, D. L., Gwin, J. F., & Price, D. L. (2007). Pediatric nursing: An introductory text. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders. Rollins, J., & Hart, R. (2013). Therapeutic activities for children and teens coping with health issues. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Schunk, D. H., & Meece, J. L. (2006). Self-efficacy development in adolescence. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 5, 71-96. Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in cognitive sciences, 9(2), 69-74. Read More