Psychology Essays

Biologically, there are two major sexes and these are the male sex and female sex. Generally, the male and female sexes make up the human race or species. Males and females may be differentiated by several factors that constitute differences in their sexual makeup. Whiles some of these differences are biological, others are psychological.

Moreover, the client is comprehends the means of handling issues that affect his well-being. In most cases, psychotherapy is initiated in groups by therapists in medical institutions, schools and other public places. Prior to making a choice on the therapy for the ailment, a patient is consulted to identify his/her condition. It is important to plan and implement for psychotherapy for it to be successful as discussed in this piece.

Before that time, substance abuse and the societal afflictions associated with it were almost inextricably linked to alcohol and a handful of predictable street drugs. However, as the problem has ballooned in Western society, and arguably the world over, so have the substances that are the vehicle towards addiction.

A Book Report on Keating’s Nature and Nurture in Early Child Development.Introduction Perceived to be the only constant thing in this planet, change plays a prominent role in the life of every living creation, no matter how cliche this seems. Many had been thinking over its manipulative tendency, yet there is no way to cease it; life must go on revolving through such certain innovations.

All the people experience some kind of anxiety on many occasions during their lifespan. When anxiety crosses certain limits, it is often labeled as a psychological problem. In other words, mild anxiety is normal whereas intense anxiety is a psychological disorder. The reasons for anxiety can be different among different people.

The current essay has assisted in providing greater understanding on the subject of sexual harassment in the work setting through initially providing an effectively applicable definition of the term; revealing current statistics and the number of cases resolved, and determining the various forms of sexual harassment.

Most parental involvements influencing children's school performance are associated with school programs. The types of school involvements that parents engage in are categorized into home-based. Parents can accomplish school-based participation in their children's learning by communicating with staff and doing certain school activities.

“Competency to stand trial is a concept of jurisprudence allowing the postponement of criminal proceedings for those defendants who are considered unable to participate in their defense on account of mental or physical disorder”. The courts will use clinical expertise in the country to carry out an investigation regarding the fitness of an individual to stand trial.

The project manager disagrees with the actions of the new department managers because they contradict the previously established procedures, requirements, and tasks for the project. Process conflict, on the other hand, is related to how various studies must be carried out, the obligation to accomplish particular tasks, and so on.

Criticism of Humanistic. The humanistic theory is one of the most prominent theories of human psychology. It is significantly different from the other theories in that it is free of the constraints in the study of human psychology and rather suggests that free will drives human behavior.

Postnatal depression usually occurs regardless of the family circumstances and whether or not the baby is firstborn or second. Although there is no known cause of postnatal depression, there are a number of possibilities that have been put forward in trying to explain the genesis of this depression in new mothers

The author states that each of the five stages follows a distinct progression.  There is a certain conflict in each stage that must be resolved in the subconscious before one can move to the next stage.  The oral stage is the first part of this human development, and it begins immediately after birth and lasts for about one year. 

It is an ethic that film industries or television broadcasting channels edit some of the scary content for the good sake of the viewers, more so the children (Shrum, 2004). The government should be strict about movies and film ratings to limit of chances of children being subjected to scary or unpleasant scenes.   

Many theories were formulated in favor of childbearing among mothers at a later age. Some of the reasons include the emotional preparedness of mothers. It usually comes when one has gathered sufficient knowledge and wisdom not having at an early age. Kaye (1980) argues that the late parenting age presents the best time to put it into practice.

The author states that the government, too, was deeply affected by the events that led up to the crisis and using its power to implement policy, introduced measures that they hoped would introduce stability to the depressing scenario. There existed a wide range of opinions and arguments as to what policy should be adopted.

Bullying, in most psychological contexts, has been defined as the use of force to intimidate or abuse individuals by others. An imbalance in social, political, and/or physical power may lead to the manifestation of such behavior in society, and may involve a group of people, or may be done individually. 

The knowledge is gathered in the form of assumptions that have prevailed through historical periods and tested against the real facts of life. Science symbolizes a wide range of reliable knowledge in different fields of study that have been gathered with the help of assumptions and explained in a logical manner through the application of knowledge.

The paper gives detailed information about goals and objectives applied to resource, activities, assignments, or tasks to assist client in achieving these goals and objectives. The job seekers are helped with writing and uploading effective resumes and cover letters that would help them target the right employer.

Marisha proposes a strategy that will ensure that all professionals practicing psychology should be fired or suspended, or their ability to offer services to be limited. This is a poor approach to ensuring that ethical violations do not happen in the field of psychology. Marisha is also wrong in her statement where she stipulates that psychologists do not advertise using false information knowingly. 

The interview focused on the personnel department where I targeted the personnel manager Mr. Jack Goldsmith. As a personnel manager, Mr. Goldsmith is concerned with the organization, planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling of the employees. The organization lacks proper employee recruitment and retention policies that will help get the best and keep the employees working for them for a long time.

It is observed that the organization has the world’s largest connotation of psychologists estimated to be more than 134,000 individuals, primarily entailing researchers, educators, consultants and students as an active member of APA. It is believed that the main mission of APA is to develop the foundation; communication and solicitation of psychological knowledge of individuals present in the study that would in turn facilitate them to live a better life (American Psychological Association, 2013).

On the other hand, an addiction is, according to Kowalski &Westen (2011) a chronic disease in which the brain is motivated by rewards and reinforcement, thus causing a person to continually engage in a givenbehavior. Using the classical and operant conditioning theories of learning by Pavlov andSkinner respectively, it is possible to demonstrate how phobias and addictions develop.

 Asperger syndrome abbreviated as AS is a condition under the Pervasive developmental disorder(PDD) umbrella that influences immense social interaction difficulties and non-verbal communication with those affected by the condition exhibiting repetitive behavioral patterns.  

Parker (2003) defines substance use disorders as disorders, which occasions the abnormal use (abuse) of either one or even more substances with the result being impairment or distress clinically. The term is used to dependence on or overindulgence in a drug or any other chemical that leads to detrimental effects to both mental and physical health.

According to the study conducted, trust versus mistrust is one of the eight stages of Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Erikson argues that this is the most fundamental stage in a person’s life, and it occurs between birth and twelve months. More so, Erikson argues that at this stage, children are uncertain about the world they are living in, and they can only avoid this feeling of uncertainty.

Many within the psychological community believe wholeheartedly that human emotion is really an illusion; the reality is that our actions are dictated by genes, hormones, and biological imperatives that influence our behavior, unconsciously.

The author pointed out that marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and some prescription drugs are the most popular used by abusers in America. He has quoted a 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and pointed out that more than 22 million Americans age 12 and older - nearly 9% of the U.S. population - use illegal drugs.

Margaret is someone who is unsure of herself and needs someone rooting for her constantly. She willingly stayed with Henry in the beginning even though he abused her because that was what was expected of her, what everyone else in a similar situation did. She gets a splurge of confidence and leaves.

Owing to contemporary urbanization and globalization, the last few decades have witnessed escalating prevalence of drug addictions that have called for instant intervention to offset the severe drug addiction side effects (Wiseman, 2011).

In order to study Dissociative identity disorder, we first must know as to what dissociation really means in the field of psychology. It is defined as “the disconnection or lack of integration between the normally integrated functions of memory, identity or consciousness (American Psychiatric Association 1994).

Estimates of point prevalence indicate that at any given moment of time, 0.5-1 percent of population falling into pediatric category suffers from this condition (Freeman 337). Many children develop impairment of social, family and academic functioning.

Chemical dependency, defined as the physical and/or psychological addiction of the human body to a psychoactive substance, such as narcotics, alcohol, or nicotine, is one of the least understood, and frequently misunderstood, of all chronic diseases. Chemical dependency is a process that is caused by a malfunctioning cascade of neurotransmitters.

There are many theories about intelligence, intelligence quotient or IQ, multiple intelligence, emotional quotient or EQ, etc. James R Flynn put forward a theory in which he argued that On average, IQ test scores worldwide have been increasing over time: younger generations perform better than older generations. 

The profession requires a lot of dedication to innovative and inventive ideas. In as much as this may sound absurd, I consider it very essential, as it is always my desire to develop such inventive and innovative ideas. It interests me to have a task that does not follow mere known procedures, but those that require irregular approaches.

What is intelligence? A normal person will definitely answer it as the ability to think and understand things. Intelligence is the capacity of the person to understand situations, solve and answer problems, ability to read and write and comprehend ideas. Students sometimes regard intelligence as one of the vital or major determinants of success.

Social norms mostly relate to cultures, such as when people from a particular group may not share the same values and ways of doing things with other culturally different groups. The complexities arising from such patterns have often been used to explain the presence of schizophrenia amongst immigrant groups in the USA and UK.

Improper sleep habits hurt the educational performances of students. The reason is that improper sleep affects daytime alertness, a significant factor behind low academic performance. Both quantity and quality of sleep are essential to determine whether a child has adopted a proper or improper sleep pattern.

Egypt is currently in a state of political emergency. The lives of thousands of civilians are being put at risk due to the turmoil that is occurring in Egypt. The military has vowed that the elections will not be postponed. The rage is building up and on November 28, 2011 Egypt will not be a safe place for voters if the disobedience continues.

Compassionate caretakers are most preferable to taking care of the sick or those who have lost hope in life for a number of reasons. First, a compassionate caretaker is important in promoting individual well-being, which extends to kind words and actions thus, augment healing of the mind, physical body, and soul.

The drugs are potent and can have adverse affects to different systems, including the cardiac system, thus leading to death when improperly used. Heath Ledger’s death is an example of the abuse of CNS depressants as his heart stopped when the drugs were misused.

The participants were males and females, mixed ages, recruited using opportunistic sampling. The sample quota was determined by running a power analysis. Significant results were found in both studies but there was a different effect size, which shows reporting effect size, has to value as it supports the importance of replicating research.

The Psychodynamic approach focuses on the analysis of the unconscious motives and conflicts in explaining behavior. It supports the premise that personality proceeds with the shifting changes and interest in each stage of psychosexual development. The oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phases comprise the stages of psychosexual development.

Generally, there is no cure for schizophrenia but doctors have been able to treat the patient with antipsychotic medication and psycho-social therapy. It has been found that patients introduced to the two treatments have a higher success rate compared to patients without access to such medical attention.

However, approaches towards measuring cognitive development amongst infants and toddlers have been varied to the extent that suggestions’ proposing that thinking from these groups is significantly different from that of pre-schoolers and other young children (Chen & Siegler, 2000).

According to the research findings, borderline personality disorder is a disease condition in which the victims experience a long-term pattern of turbulent or unstable emotions on self and others. An individual suffering from borderline personality disorder experiences low self-esteem, unstable relationships, and impulsive behavior which begins at an early stage of adulthood.

The middle-aged female nurse is a mother of two. She lives with her partner and has a possibly busy work life. Her work entails walking and standing a lot. Rheumatic arthritis makes it extremely painful to walk around and hold stuff. Rheumatic Arthritis causes her a lot of pain as she works. At home, the pain is from bonding sessions with her family, personal grooming and doing house chores.

While one group (N = 194) was exposed to a nice person (high value), the other (N = 187) was exposed to a nasty one. The data collected verified both hypotheses and suggests that people who are considered high value elicit more empathy and more instances of prosocial behavior. Concerns and further possibilities for research are discussed.

Substance abuse among the youth is one of the most critical health issues encountered during recent times. The issue is highly critical as well as challenging due to the fact that drug abuse and delinquency are highly inter-related. Research suggests the most common factors that emphasis the relationship between drug abuse and delinquency

This essay attempts to discuss in detail Freud’s psychosexual theory, including its relationship with adult neurotic behavior. It also tries to evaluate the extent to which Freud's psychosexual can assist in understanding a client’s presenting issues. Freud put forward his theory of child development as a series of “psychosexual stages”.

Erikson’s theory provides important concepts and issues that apply to each age group and which can be used to enhance the relevance of the advertisements. Several articles showed, nevertheless, that his theory can be broadened to include female perspectives and attachment concepts during adolescence.