Definition Problem of Child Trafficking - Report Example

Child Trafficking Introduction Child traffic is a type of human trafficking that may be defined as the transportation, recruitment, harboring, transferring, or receiving of children mainly for exploitation purposes. Commercial sexual exploitation among children is of numerous forms including child pornography, forcing children into prostitution, among other sexual activity. Child exploration may be regarded to include slavery, forced labor or services, among other related practices similar to servitude, slavery, illicit international adoption, organ removal, early marriage trafficking, recruitment as a child beggars, soldier, athletes like for football players or child camel, or recruitment for cult. The international legislation considers the use for forced forms of coercion including fraud, abduction, the abuse of power, deception, or a vulnerability position need to be present for crime to rated as trafficking. The united nation protocol of preventing, suppressing, and punishing traffic criminals, especially those who traffic children and women, regard child trafficking as in a human being trafficking. Moreover, the international convention of 182 define child trafficking as a form of child labor. Normally children trafficking debates gravitate against the criminal activity involved and supporting human protection rights. Notably, such debates usually create a false impression of the ideas that are opposing the perspective especially when both sides of arguments are inherently essential and linked to combat and prevent trafficking. Despite the approach given to trafficking problem, it still lacks a single definition of exploitation that influences the act itself. On the other hand, it is as well difficult to determine the point at which the exploitation first begins (Patkar 153). There is a close relationship between trafficking and human migration. Therefore, trafficking is not only limited to cross the border but can also be experienced between neighboring states. Human or children trafficking that involves movement of victims cross the borders may be defined as Palermo. Notably, the term also engulfs or applies to both intercontinental and internal trafficking. When people migrate from one place to another at the local, international, or national levels, they usually become vulnerable to trafficking specially during a political crisis or economic crisis or economic pressure. Regardless of their desperate situations that may make them seek for life opportunities, they may consent willingly to be smuggled across a border (Andersen 314). Once across borders, they are likely to be abducted in a trafficking network and become unable to escape since they faced without or limited access to legal protection or advice (Andersen 42). Usually victims of trafficking are never allowed or permitted to leave once they arrive at their destination. They are normally held in custody against their wish and will by force and coercion and forced to certain work or rather provide services to other people or to the traffickers. Such services or work may be bonded or forced including commercial sexual exploitation. However, some traffickers may decide to structure the exploitation to appear as work contract, but with low payment or actually without any form of payment or contract terms that are extensively exploitative. Subsequently, the”employment or the contract structure” may be structured to appear as debt bondage where the victim is not allowed or personally able to pay off his or her debts to acquire his or her freedom. Naturally, children are ever trafficked for different purposes including bonded labor, forced labor, and sexual exploitation (Patkar 91). Types of Exploitation Bonded Labor This form of exploitation is also known as debt bondage, which forms the least form known form of labor trafficking that is known in the current world (Andersen 240). However, it is the widely practiced method for enslaving people. In this case, traffic victims are bonded to some labor that is they provide certain services when demanded as a way of settling their presumed loans. At times, they provide services whose terms and conditions had never been predefined or the value of such services offered by the victim is reasonably assessed with the aim of not liquidating the outstanding debts. However, the values of the work or service offered by victims are usually greater than the actual sum that was originally “borrowed.” Forced Labor This is a situation where the victim or victims are forced to perform certain work against their will. Notably, they are subjected to violent threats or other forms of punishments. The victims’ freedom are restricted and to a given degree owned by some individuals, the trafficker. Male children are ever at risk of being trafficked for unskilled labor. According to the international labor organization, unskilled forced labor generates about $31 billion per year. There are numerous forms of forced labor including agricultural labor, domestic servitude, janitorial, sweetshop, and food service among other service industry like begging (Andersen 495). Sex Trafficking Some victims sometimes find themselves in extremely serious circumstances and situations in life. These individuals in their desperation ever forms the main group targeted by the traffickers. Individuals who are highly vulnerable to this group include homeless individual, displaced homemakers, runway teens, drug addicts, and refugees (Andersen 342). Though, it may seem that people who have been trafficked are the most powerless and vulnerable in the society, numerous, helpless people are consistently being exploited from almost all-social and ethnic background. However, the pimps, the traffickers, or the madams usually exploit the vulnerable people and individuals who lack opportunities in life. They often promise them employment, marriage, education, and overall better life. Nonetheless, the victims end up as traffic victims and more often they are forced into prostitution or work in sex industries. Most activities in the sex industry include dancing in strip clubs, prostitution, acting pornographic films, and pornography among other involuntary servitudes (Tiwari 179). Actual trafficking activity does not require transport or travelling from one location to the other, but one type of sex trafficking only involves international brokers and agents. These intermediaries are responsible for transportation and job placements for women in different countries. Women usually gat lured into company traffickers by being promised lucrative opportunities that they cannot achieve within their native countries (Andersen 4). Once they reach their destined country, the reality downs them. They come to realized that they have only been deceived and come to the true reality of the work that awaits them. In some occasions, women or young and naive girls have found themselves in tricky situations where they have been described for the situation of the jobs ahead of them and the expected remuneration that are associated with such jobs. On arriving in their new country for the job, they find themselves in abusive and coercive situations that escaping is not only difficult but also dangerous. According to the United States department of justice, in its 2009 report, about 1,229 women including minors were suspected to have been trafficking in the United States between January 2007 and September 2008. Despite only nine percent of this number was confirmed to have trafficked, 83 percent formed sex trafficking cases (McCabe 43). Despite the fact that traffickers usually subject children to all these forms of labor, they are likely to be dangerous to the mental, physical, moral, social, or spiritual development of children. Sometimes such forms of labor may interfere with their education (Andersen 54). According to the international labor organization, over 246 million children between the age of five and seven are being exploited worldwide. Notably, they are exposed to form of labor including recruitment to prostitution and pornography, armed conflict, illegal drug trade, illegal arms trade, among other illegal activities. Notably, in the year 2010, Brazil and Thailand recorded the worst child sex trafficking in the entire globe (Patkar 276). How Children Get Into the Hands of Traffickers At some points, parents of these children may sell their children out due to extreme poverty they are experiencing. This act is often in developing countries or countries prone to economical or political conflicts. Sometimes, parents may sell their children off to gain income or pay off their debts. In some cases, parents may be deceived about the prospects of a better life of their children, in that they will be trained (Andersen 14). However, some parents may be crude enough to sell their children specifically for sex trafficking, forced labor, or illegal adoptions. In fact, legal and illegal adoptions processes may result into trafficking if they are abused. Sometime, children may get into the hands of the traffickers when pregnant women and babies are trafficked. These mainly occur in the developing country and the west. Moreover, inter-country adoption may sometimes end up to be child trafficking (McCabe 153). Numerous of The children from Europe, North America, Asia, and South America are sold out globally every year in the sex trade. Most of children from these regions of the world are always kidnapped or orphaned, and in some cases, their own families normally sell them out. The United States department of Justice in its 2007 and 2008 study indicates that over 30 percent of all the trafficked children cases were children coerced into the sex industry (Tiwari 135). Regulations of Child Trafficking Currently, the world experiencing child se trafficking. This act compound all the processes that involve organized movement of people especially young girls and women between nations and or within countries to work in sex 4industries either through deception, coercion, and bondage by forced debt (McCabe 243). However, trafficking may become a contagious issue if the clause coercion is removed from the definition and the phase facilitating the willingness involvement in prostitution. For instance, the United Kingdom in the year 2003 enacted The Sexual Offence Act that incorporated the sexual exploitation through trafficking (Andersen 120). The act did not require those who commit the offence to incorporate the term coercion, force, or deception so that everybody who enters united kingdom for sex work with the consent of having been trafficked to be included in the act. Additionally, the united states consider any minor or a person less than 18 year of age who involves herself or herself in commercial sex as a trafficking victim regardless of any movement. Such individuals are regarded to have faced sever type of trafficking in a person’s life. The united states protect traffic victims by the protection Act of 2000. These acts among other international laws and regulations aim at protecting children from trafficking. The United Nations has enacted numerous laws including protocols of preventing, suppressing, and punishing individuals who involve themselves in trafficking of especially children and women. Most of the United Nations’ trafficking and human right related acts are being implemented in over 135 nations of the world (Andersen 54). Conclusion Child trafficking is one phenomenon that is increasing becoming the concern of the international organizations especially united nations. The trafficking of children has developed to be a threat to both girls and boys due to the increase in rate of crime in different parts of the world. However, girl child is more at risk than the boy child due to increased sex industries is. Nonetheless, the boy child is equally facing the risk due to increased insecurity, illegal trades, and political instabilities in different parts of the world. Notably, they are being recruited in illegal drug trades the trade that has majorly affected the Caribbean countries, south Africa, and central America, as well as some parts of south America and parts of Asia. Other than the already established laws to fight child trafficking, the cause of numerous ways of child trafficking should be looked into and sealed perfectly. For instance, nations should reduce the poverty level within their economies to reduce chances of parents being lured or selling their children due to poverty or giving off their children due to fake promises of better livelihood. In addition, governments or nations should ensure political stability so that any form of migration or mass movement of displaced people due to either war, fear of war, and any other political instability issues may be reduced. If such situations are minimized, there shall be no need of firearm trade and young soldier recruitments; thus, reducing the trafficking in children. Finally, nations should impose heavy penalties for individuals who involve themselves in child trafficking and any other form of human trafficking and the act will reduce to some recognizable levels. Works Cited Andersen M. L, Taylor H. F. Sociology: Understanding A Diverse Society. New York: Cengage Learning, 2007. Print McCabe K. A. The Trafficking Of Persons: National And International Responses. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Print Patkar P. &. Ed. Child Trafficking: Issues And Concerns. Mumbai: Childline India Foundation, 2003. Print Shelley L. Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective. London: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print Tiwari J. Child Abuse and Human Rights, Volume 2. New York: Gyan Publishing House, 2004.Print Read More