Relationship between the Daily Budget on Meals and of Female and Male Students at the Campus - Research Proposal Example

Data interpretation-Research Methods al affiliation: Table of Contents 0 Introduction 3 2.0 Research Questions and hypotheses 3 3.0 Sampling method 4 4.0. Findings 4 5.0 Conclusion 9 6.0. Recommendations 10 1.0 Introduction The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between the daily budget on meals and of female and male students at the campus. Hence the major focus was to be able to make a decision on which group to target the most when starting up a business on sandwich bar. In this case, this will help on drawing up a reliable business plan on the basis of the target market. It was realized that at the Coventry University London Campus (CULC), students spent a lot on meals including sandwich. The budget of different students differed when it came to buying of sandwich and some even never bothered to buy other foods related to this. It was also observed that the daily budget between females and males differed since females seemed to like meals like sandwich the most. Therefore, it was necessary to ascertain this observation in order to be able to set up a business plan that is reliable. Basing on this, the report aims to analyze if there is any statistically significant relationship between the daily budget on meals of females and males at the campus This study will also help to understand what student prefer the most in terms of eating and this will help to know what type of business to be put in the campus. Hence, this will attract different stakeholders to invest in the campus based on the type of foods taken relative to the daily budget 2.0 Research Questions and hypotheses A questionnaire was designed with the aim of evaluating how the students spent on foods at the Coventry University London Campus and also to determine the difference in the spending between the two groups that include male and female. Furthermore, the information provided by the survey is about how much is spend on foods including sandwich and what type of meal they prefer the most. 1 What is your gender 2 What is your educational level 3 Approximately how many hours do you spend at the university in a day 4 How many meals do you take in a day 5 What is your daily budget 6 What type of meal do you prefer the most 7 What is your weekly attendance Figure1.Questionnaire Basing on the above questionnaire, three hypotheses were formulated and they include Hypothesis 1 Null hypothesis There is no statistically significant difference on the mean meal daily budget between females and males Alternative hypothesis There is statistically significant difference on the mean meal daily budget between females and males Hypothesis 2 Null hypothesis There is no statistically significant difference on the mean sandwich daily budget between males and females. Alternative hypothesis There is statistically significant difference on the mean sandwich daily budget between males and females. Hypothesis 3 The mean daily budget of all the meals is above 7 pounds 3.0 Sampling method It is well known that this is a simple research designed by students; hence, it acts as the basis of complex research which could be carried out. Therefore, it was necessary to collect data using the cheapest methods. Furthermore, there were limited resources in terms of evidence collection. One of the limitations or problems encountered that could have affected the study findings is that some students were seen to feel uncomfortable in answering questions related to the research question. The number of students at Coventry University London Campus (CULC) according to the student services was about 2,000.It was not possible to study the entire population due to limited resources as well as it could be useless to do so statistically. In this regard, 100 students were determined as the sample size. The type of sampling considered was systematic random sampling. This is because, it is considered to be more efficient and reliable since the sample selected is a representative of the entire population. In this case, every 20th person was selected and every student had a same chance of being selected. In order to collect the data, group members walked around the university asking students if they could answer the questionnaire. In addition, students had to select themselves when it came to answering questions in a questionnaire online which was easily accessed by the university students of CULC .Hence; there was a link that enabled them to answer the survey questions. 4.0. Findings In order to be able to answer the research question, testing of the formulated hypothesis based on the information provided by the sample was undertaken Hypothesis 1 Null hypothesis There is no statistically significant difference on the mean meal daily budget between females and males Alternative hypothesis There is statistically significant difference on the mean meal daily budget between females and males Group Statistics Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean D.budget 0 32 6.672 1.8166 .3211 1 67 6.828 1.8881 .2307 Independent Samples Test Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper D.budget Equal variances assumed .022 .883 -.390 97 .697 -.1565 .4009 -.9521 .6391 Equal variances not assumed -.396 63.321 .694 -.1565 .3954 -.9465 .6336 Figure 2-hypothesis 1 In conclusion: if P > 0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected. Therefore, basing on this, the null hypothesis is rejected because the p value (0.7) is greater than 0.05, and it can be concluded that there is statistically significant differences on the mean meal daily budget between females and males. Therefore, basing on this, it is that the results showing means being different between male and female is likely to be as a result of chance. Hypothesis 2 Null hypothesis There is no statistically significant difference on the mean sandwich daily budget between males and females. Alternative hypothesis There is statistically significant difference on the mean sandwich daily budget between males and females. Group Statistics Gender2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Sandwich 0 8 5.4375 .49552 .17519 1 16 5.0938 .75760 .18940 Independent Samples Test Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Sandwich Equal variances assumed .532 .473 1.159 22 .259 .34375 .29669 -.27154 .95904 Equal variances not assumed 1.332 20.107 .198 .34375 .25800 -.19425 .88175 Figure 3.Hypothesis 2 Basing on the above results, it is observed that the p value (0.198) is greater than 0.05.Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and it can be concluded that there is statistically significant difference on the mean sandwich daily budget between males and females. Hence there is enough evidence to conclude that the difference on sandwich budget between males and females is significant. Hypothesis 3 The mean daily budget of all the meals is above 7 pounds H₀: µ7 One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean D.budget 99 6.778 1.8574 .1867 One-Sample Test Test Value = 7 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper D.budget -1.190 98 .237 -.2222 -.593 .148 Figure 4.Hypothesis 3 In regard to the above results, it is observed that the p value (0.237) is greater than 0.05.Basing on this, it can be concluded that the mean daily budget of all the meals is above 7 pounds. In this case, it is not statistically significant since p value is greater than 0.05 and this could have occurred due to chance. The relationship between the daily budget and hours per day at the university Variables Entered/Removeda Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 Hours@campusb . Enter a. Dependent Variable: D.budget b. All requested variables entered. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .381a .145 .136 1.7262 a. Predictors: (Constant), Hours@campus ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 49.076 1 49.076 16.470 .000b Residual 289.035 97 2.980 Total 338.111 98 a. Dependent Variable: D.budget b. Predictors: (Constant), Hours@campus Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 2.239 1.132 1.979 .051 Hours@campus .664 .164 .381 4.058 .000 a. Dependent Variable: D.budget Figure 5.Regression analysis The standard error is 1.7262, determined by the low R squared. In regards to the hypothesis testing, by considering an alpha of 0.05, the results indicate that the number of hours taken at campus daily can’t be rejected since p value is less than 0.05. Basing on the output above, it can also be concluded that the relationship between the daily budget and hours per day at the university is statistically significant with R squared of 0.381.The reason to this is because it is observed that the p value (0.000) is less than 0.05. In addition, Basing on the bar graph below, it can be observed that the mean budget between males and females is similar. This supports the hypothesis testing that the difference in mean budget could be due to chance Figure 6.Bar showing Mean daily budget for all the meals But when we look at the bar graph showing mean sandwich against gender, it can be observed that the means of males is lower than that of females. However, this is almost consistence with the hypothesis results because the p value of 0.198 was close to 0.005. Figure7. Bar showing Mean daily budget for all the meals 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, basing on the evaluation and analysis of the results from the questionnaire, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant difference between male and female mean daily budget on meals. On the other hand, there is statistically significant difference between female and male means daily budget for sandwich. In this regard, it can be ascertained that the females are the people to be targeted mostly than men when starting up the sandwich bar. This is due to, they seem to prefer sandwich the most compared to other meals and their preference is higher than that of men. This observation is supported by the bar graphs which indicated that, for sand which, female had higher mean of daily budget than men. On the other hand, for all meals, according to the bar graph, the means of daily budget between the males and females was similar. Generally, the mean pound was affirmed to be greater than 7 pounds and this means that the students average daily spending on the meals is above seven pounds. In relation to my business that I need to start, this is a good amount worth to invest. To be able to beat my competitors, my strategy will therefore be to target female students. Hence, they are termed as target market, that is, I will make the business plan based on this. In regard to research objective, it can be concluded that the research objective was met whereby the report aim was to analyze if there is any statistically significant relationship between the daily budget on meals of females and males at the campus 6.0. Recommendations The results which indicated that the difference between the female and male mean daily budget of meals being different due to chance, could be due to insufficient sample size, random sampling was not done properly, due to errors during data collection as the information given by the participant could not be accurate or it can as well be due to outliers .Therefore, it is recommended that further studies to be carried out or the study should be repeated putting into account the mentioned factors which might affect the results. Read More