A Comparison of Medical Transplants and Organ Donation in Canada and China - Research Paper Example

A Comparison of Medical Transplants and Organ Donation in Canada and China of This research paper contains all the necessary information about the medical transplant and organ donation. The main purpose of this research paper is to address the numerous issues of organ donation and transplant in China and Canada. A comparison and contrast of medical transplant and organ donation in China and Canada has been made in this paper. The first part of this paper contains some introductory information about medical transplant and organ donation. A comparison and contrast between both two counties has been made in tabular format. The last part contains a short conclusion. References and bibliography have been made at the last page of this research paper. Keywords: organ, donation, transplant, comparison, research A Comparison of Medical Transplants and Organ Donation in Canada and China The term “medical transplant” is referred to the process of organ donation. In current modern trends, the world is moving towards the fifth generation. The new innovative medical techniques have enabled the people to reform from severe diseases. The phenomenon of organ donation and transplant is based on two primary persons. It involves surgical process to remove a body organ and tissue from donor and fitting it into the body of recipient. In addition, the transplant that is performed within same body is called auto graft. Medical transplant that is performed in between to different bodies of same species is called allografts (Hewitt, 2008). The main reason of medical transplantation and organ donation is any injury and disease which prohibit the organ to work in proper condition. Medical Transplant and Organ Donation; China and Canada There is an excessive level of organ recipients than organ donors. Many people lose their life every day because they do not find donors for their organ transplantation. China and Canada are one of those countries which have the highest medical transplantation rate in the world. According to some recent organ transplant survey report, China is one of those countries who run largest organ transplant programs in the world. Some other survey reports also show that there are a huge number of Canadian people who are waiting to for the organ or tissue transplant to live a healthy life. For better understanding and clear representation, comparison and contrast of organ donation in between China and Canada has been made below in tabular format. Comparison and Contrast Rules and Regulation Organ Donation and Transplant in China Organ Donation and Transplant in Canada There are numerous rules about the medical transplant and organ donation in China. There is obligation for all chines organ transplant institutions to get approval for from the medical science and ethical committee (Chinadaily.com, 2006). The major role medical science and ethical committee is to give the assurance that all the organ donations for the transplants are legal and voluntary. Chinese rules and regulations on medical transplant and organ donation prohibit un qualified hospitals to perform organ transplantation. Laws and regulations prohibit the illegal trade of organs. The China has set many strict rules and regulations that prevent the doctors and hospitals to attempt illegal transplant operations for the sake of money. New regulations on organ donations also state the donor of the organ must get written form the ministry of health for transplantation procedure. In 1984, Chines government made the regulation that organs can be removed from the body of executed criminal with the consent of criminal or permission of relatives. But in 2007, China issued new laws and regulations that banned the trading of human organs. New regulations also prohibited the responsible authorities to remove the organs form criminal’s body (Juan, 2010). Organ donation in Canada is regulated on both provincial and federal level. The main objective of regulatory bodies is to ensure that all donations and medical transplant are legal and ethical. Regulations also state that the organs cannot be donated without following the consent rules properly. Rules and regulation contains all the procedures that how the consent has been received in proper manner. Canadian government have also banned the gay people to donate their organs if they have been active sex life from past five years (Ljunggren, 2008). These types of conditions have also been imposed on drug addicts and prisoners. Like China, there are also some rules and regulations that prohibit the hospitals and doctors form organ transplant just for the sake of money. Regulatory bodies in Canada state that any person in Canada can donate his organ if he fulfils the donation criteria in appropriate manner. Federal laws emphasises on the presence of patient’s informed consent. For example, patients informed consent is necessary before distributing and high-risk organ (CBC News, 2008). Selling the organs commercially is also prohibited in all provinces in Canada. Statics Organ Donation and Transplant in China Organ Donation and Transplant in Canada Medical transplantation has been seen a rapid increase in the past 20 years. There are more than one million more who need organ transplant every year. According to the Chinese Ministry of Health, there is a huge increase in recipients in between 1993 to 2011 (Lancet, 2011). There are huge numbers of Canadian people who are waiting for a suitable donor for the transplant procedure. There are approximately up to 2000 transplant operations were performed in last year. On the other hand, many of the patients did not find the suitable donor and remained on waiting list. According to the Canadian Institute for Health and Information, there was approximately 1000 organ donor in which 550 are living and 450 are deceased. Religious and Cultural Issues Organ Donation and Transplant in China Organ Donation and Transplant in Canada Like other countries, there are also many religious and cultural issues for organ donation in China. On the other side of coin, there is shortage of donors because of chines traditions about death. Chines culture does not support the concept of brain death. Due to these reasons, chines people have adverse opinions about organ donation and medical transplant. For example, Confucianism, which is an ancient philosophy in chines culture impose the condition on its follower that person who was born with complete body should end in same position (Forsythe, 2009). There are not any major religious and cultural issues about organ donation in Canada. The main reason is that Canada is a multicultural society. Canada is also called pluralistic society because there is the presence of many affiliated religion. The problem just arises for those people who have connected with such religion that do not allow donating organs. The Canadian environment allow the people to choose the option freely either they want to donate or not (Canadian Bioethics Companion). Organ Transplant History Organ Donation and Transplant in China Organ Donation and Transplant in Canada There are numerous examples can be seen in medical history of China about organ transplant. The first successful organ transplant in China took place in 1960s. In 1984, Organ donation and medical transplant was one of the hot discussion topics because the Chinese government issued new laws about forced donation. There are approximately 95% of organs was taken from prisoners until 2007. Traditional and cultural limitations were the main reason behind this idea. In 2007, many international health organizations forced Chinese government to change these laws about organ donation. On the other hand, the rate of successful transplants has increased up to material figures in last five years. China has also shown performance in some advance transplant surgery during the last few years. Canada has played a great role in the field of organ transplant. In the early 1950, Canada transplanted heart valves first time in the world. In 1963, Canadian doctors performed first successful kidney transplant. This transplant was in between two identical twins. In 1980s Canadian doctors performed many successful organ transplant operation such as lung and combined liver bowel transplants. During the last few decades, lots of successful organ transplant operations have been performed in Canada. Conclusion Medical transplant is considered one of the advanced techniques of this century. Everyone can donate his/her organ to any person. But there are some rules that prohibit the people about unethical and illegal organ donation. There is also need that you should have aim to saving the life of some other through donating your organ or tissue. In the light of above discussion it can be said that both countries are contributing in the field of medical transplant in efficient manner. On the other side, there are also some cultural and religious differences that create ambiguities for potential donors. In short, each country has their own rules and regulations about organ donations and medical transplants. References Hewitt, C. W., Lee, W. P. A., & Gordon, C. R. (2008).Transplantation of composite tissue allografts. New York: Springer Lancet. (2011, October 01). Time for a boycott of Chinese science and medicine pertaining to organ transplantation. Retrieved from https://www.dafoh.org/ Chinadaily.com. (2006, May 05). Time for a boycott of Chinese science and medicine pertaining to organ transplantation. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-05/05/content_582847.htm Juan, S. (2010, April 10). New system to boost number of organ donors. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-04/10/content_9711027.htm Ljunggren, D. (2008, January 08). Canada tightens rules governing organ donations. Retrieved from http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAN0849820220080108 CBC News. (2008, January 18). Health canada clarifies organ donation policy. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2008/01/18/health-transplant.html Canadian Bioethics Companion. (n.d.). Organ donation. Retrieved from http://canadianbioethicscompanion.ca/the-canadian-bioethics-companion/chapter-7-organ-donation/ Elizabeth Forsythe, S. (2009). Chinas organ marke. Retrieved from http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/chinas-organ-market Read More