Health Sciences & Medicine Essays

The author shows that life expectancy has increased the most in middle and low-income countries over a 33year period. The death rates are falling. There are less barbaric wars and more peace in the world at large. People are now living longer. There are many reasons for this the first being that most people are more mindful of health.

The article will also look at the current issues and controversies with the discussion of the recent legislation and support available to the mentally disabled people. In a majority of societies individuals with a mental illness are associated with shame and disgust and blamed for bringing their illness and bad luck to their families.

Therefore, the objective would be to conduct an extended literature review of relevant research articles to update knowledge in this area in order to determine the existing current knowledge about coronary artery disease, its relation to lifestyle, and the need and rationale for lifestyle modification to decrease the incidence of this potentially fatal disease.

The nursing profession is a science and an art, in which the primary aim is to promote quality of life. It includes a comprehensive set of activities and duties by which individuals and families are assisted in a range of human life experiences ranging from birth, sickness, and end of life. Florence Nightingale is the first person to start modern nursing practices and New Zealand was the first country to regulate nurses nationally.

In the global health care marketplace, outsourcing nursing staff from overseas has come to stay as an inescapable reality. It certainly has cost benefits and other advantages but has to guard against potential pitfalls and ethical predicaments. When industries encountered stormy weather, “outsourcing provided a viable means to weather the storm.

The older аdult populаtion is expected to more thаn double between now аnd 2040, tripling the number of people аge 85 yeаrs аnd older. This trend, combined with the sociаl аnd heаlth cаre needs thаt аccompаny аdvаnced аge, poses present аnd imminent chаllenges to the sociаl work profession. Of pаrticulаr concern is the growing mаgnitude of diseаses thаt cаuse dementiа аnd аffect а lot of people now.

The author states that there are higher chances of occurrence of epilepsy, in people with a learning disability. There must definitely be a link between hyperactivity and agitated behavior in people with learning disabilities because people with both epilepsy and learning disabilities show symptoms of underlying brain dysfunction in a person.

Within the bachelor’s degree, I took my real interest was in Chemistry, and so I stayed on at GNDU to study for a master’s degree in Chemistry. Although I greatly enjoyed both degrees, the areas in both that appealed to me most were those involving human sciences, so I decided to follow my childhood ambition and become qualified as a doctor.

Healthcare insurance is an important issue in the United States and it has turned into a critical one with 45.8 million uninsured people in the country. The steady rise in the number of people under the age of 65 without health insurance has called for immediate action. The country that spends so heavily on healthcare has strangely been unable to provide adequate health coverage to a significant percentage of the population.

Introduction [...] Non – Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) [...] is the most widely used pain [...] reliever nowadays NSAID are drugs used [...] to reduce pain fever and inflammation [...] It is called non steroidal to [...] distinguish it from steroids which have [...] a similar eicosanoid-depressing anti-inflammatory action NSAIDS [...] are unusual in that they are [...] non-narcotic NSAIDs are sometimes also referred [...] to as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) [...]

The author states that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with Motivational Therapy (MT) has proven to be effective to treat the addiction. Cocaine vaccines are still on trial. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is researching modafinil, a narcolepsy drug, and mild stimulant, as a potential cocaine treatment.

The author states that reducing stress or learning to handle it in a productive manner may be beneficial for the heart. Furthermore, eating unhealthy fatty foods in moderation and ingesting fresh, healthy food rich in nutrients and vitamins has assisted in reducing or preventing cardiovascular disease.

Making healthful food choices, like taking more high-fiber foods such as fruits and vegetables at the same time, and cutting down on foods that are high in saturated or trans fats are regularly practiced. Ensure that there is room for physical activities like walking, stretching, jogging, or other activities which can facilitate keeping one active.

For testing the survival hypothesis, the authors chose clear cut definitions for overall survival (OS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS). The curves drawn for OS and DFS were achieved by using the Kaplan-Meier estimation methods, whereby the vertical axis represents hypothetical probability estimates of survival.

This essay aims to define the statistical correlation between child obesity and their test scores. Also, the author outlines the factors that lead to obesity. According to the CDCP, the number of overweight children between the age of 6 and 11 rose from 4 percent to 17 percent – more than quadrupled – between 1971 and 2006.

In 1977, Branemark presented his research work carried out over 10 years showing that bone can grow intimately into contact with the surface of titanium implants. Undoubtedly the now well-accepted concept, termed osseointegration, has been one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs in dentistry over the past 30 years. 

Many people seek services when in a crisis. This can be described as a sudden onset or relapse of mental illness or distress, which renders the individual and/or caregiver unable to cope with normal circumstances. This may further present a risk to themselves or others (Operational Policy, 2009).

It is important and needful to have a good health system in place for immigrants. There can be no second guessing in health concerns because a good health system ensures guaranteed environment of a good, clean atmosphere where people can continue to enjoy good health now and for long time to come.The Australian health care system is second to none in imparting services to the vulnerable immigrants and refugees.

Organ donation, defined as a high technology medicine that is used to intervene at the end stage of an illness, unlike other medical technologies, is considered to be an altruistic process because it requires the “gift” of organs from others to proceed. Organs that can be donated and successfully transplanted today include the kidneys, lungs, etc.

The pain management guidelines implemented by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations in January demand the regular assessment of pain and the establishment of policies and procedures that support the appropriate use of pain medication in every health care organization. The UK Audit Commission standards of pain care can be implemented by patient-controlled analgesia.

A stoma is created by surgical treatment for some small or large intestinal disease, when the natural opening pathway had to be incised for the treatment of the original disease condition. Creation of a stoma subjects the patient to another clinical situation over and above the basal medical condition, and this requires special care by healthcare professionals specially trained to handle such issues.

The NHS has continually changed since its foundation. The changes showed up in different forms. Treatment of the changes, and keeping to them, has been connected with the main function of the NHS: rendering free and unprejudiced health care.

Based on the perspective of Psychopharmacology -defined as "the study of the effects of any psychoactive drug that acts upon the mind by affecting brain chemistry"1, the research of new psychopharmacologic drugs that can help reduce anxiety and stress has exploded over the last years.

The human body is composed of billions of cells, each with a distinct function. Despite this diversity in cell function, all cells share certain common elements and functions (Berne & Levy). All cells rely on key elements such as fuel, in the form of food, water, and oxygen from the environment in order for the body to survive. The body can only survive for (duration) without oxygen, (compare to food & water).

"Health promotion is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.  Optimal health is defined as a balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health.  Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of efforts to enhance awareness, change behavior and create environments that support good health practices. 

Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a surgery performed by a neurosurgeon for pituitary tumors and the care for this patient involves an understanding of the functions of the pituitary gland in our body. It is called the Master gland and is indeed true as it controls the release of most of the body’s major hormones.

In his psychiatric history, his presenting complaint was that neighbors are following him with electronic gadgets, and his mother is following him closely. The presenting history was not elicited from him. On presentation, the patient was hostile, and there were verbal and nonverbal expressions of anger and resentment.

Perioperative care is an integral component of overall surgical case management. It is created to address major problems relating to medical perioperative evaluation and postoperative care, particularly for high-risk patients. (Magallanes, 2002). Perioperative refers to the total surgical experience and includes pre, intra, and postoperative phases of patients’ surgical journey.

To be able to properly care for the needs of the patient, the health personnel are equipped with a variety of tools that includes knowledge in the anatomy and the physiology of the feet, the different disorders that are associated with the feet. Another area is the genetic ailments, the detection, and cure to such diseases such as medication, orthopedic rehabilitation, and surgery.

According to the paper the number of fibers is probably fixed early in life. This is regulated by myostatin, a cytokine that is synthesized in muscle cells. Myostatin suppresses skeletal muscle development. Some athletes and other remarkably strong people have been found to carry one mutant myostatin gene.

Breastfeeding has become such a big public health issue since long ago. It has become a fact that fewer mothers breastfeed as time goes by. Formula feeding has gained so much popularity in the 1930s. It was also during that time that the decline of breastfeeding mothers started. It has seen an all-time low value in 1971. 

In psoriatic lesions, patches of thick, red skin are covered with silvery scales. It is important to recognize that “psoriasis” is a term used to describe a spectrum of presentations of the disease, ranging from localized plaques to more severe generalized involvement, with or without psoriatic arthritis and the associated manifestations.

The author focused on 5 high school students Gerald, Trish, Nick, Tyrone and Abe who had significant intellectual disabilities. It examined the nature of the students’ involvement in high school classrooms, as well as the teachers’ perceptions and interpretations of the student’s disabilities and academic performance

Some discussion was spared on the methodology to implement “change management” within the colossal framework of NHS; automation of equipment and processes have been described as central to achieving higher value for the same input of service. The entire setup then has to be rationalized for updates following feedback.

The critics of free market healthcare will point out the disparities in treatment between the rich and the poor. However, socialized healthcare would reduce the level of treatment for everyone. Both rich and poor would have sub standard treatment with socialized healthcare. Critics believe that the 40 million uninsureds would suddenly have access to healthcare.

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. With the development of medical knowledge, many hidden aspects of this condition have started to emerge. For a health professional, it is important to know the different aspects of hypertension and hypertensive care, as he or she is most likely to come across such cases.

The author states that economic costs and human resources, e.g., a bedridden person who has permanent brain damage would only become a burden to his family for the rest of his life. Hospital wards are limited, medicine is restricted, spending such resources on a person who will only eventually die would be a waste.

The ras oncogenes are activated when the hormones stimulate the cell receptors and this in turn transmits signals to the cells to grow and vice-versa. Thus regulating the cell growth, which is an important part of the cell cycle. Several such ras oncogenes such as H, N and K ras often undergo point mutation and resulting in sending false signal to the cells.

According to the report the Cancer Plan puts forth the benefit of increased investment in staff. It dictates that an increase in investment shall result in an increase in the facilities that can meet the existent shortages in the important specialties. This shall also help in the expansion of services.

Herein lies the importance of the preoperative visit that was made in which patient was explained about the procedure and given an orientation of what to expect. Also, adequate depth of anaesthesia was maintained so that patient did not retain any awareness of the intraoperative events.

As described by the National Autistic Society, people with autism have difficulties with social relationships, verbal as well as non-verbal communication, play, and imagination, and they display resistance to change in routine. This impairment, as frequently postulated, is that children with autism lack a Theory-of-Mind (Lee 2000).  

Majority of the economists in the world claim that these basic needs could only be provided for free if the government and its economy is in good shape with its revenues ample to provide funds for auxiliary needs. It is an established fact that one cannot compromise health and that is why it should treat the health sector with utmost priority.

The literature review revealed six recent articles which were 4 randomized clinical trials, 1 meta-analysis, and one chart review. According to these studies, there is no advantage to the use of CPM post-operative in range of motion, stability, or relief of pain as compared to standard physical therapy post-operatively over the long term.

Old age is the closing period in the lifespan. It is a period when people “move away” from previous, desirable periods – or times of “usefulness”. As people move away from the earlier periods of their lives, they often look back on them, usually regretfully, and tend to live in the present, ignoring the future as much as possible. 

The public health workers which are the main workforce of any public health system now focuses on a holistic approach to health encompassing the mental state in addition. The emergence of STI and HIV on pandemic proportions in our society has led public health agencies to take a closer look at the sexual health of individuals.

Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) and other cardiovascular diseases are known to be the leading cause of death in several industrialized nations, both in men and women (Ades, 2001; Jackson et al, 2004). It is also a major cause of physical disability, especially in the elderly, which happen to be a continuously growing population.

The author analyzes for different medicines for obesity treatments and their mechanism of action: sibutramine, orlistat, phentermine, and diethylpropion. Obesity is a pathological condition which has now become a matter of global concern. It is a disease associated with the excessive accumulation of fats in the body of individual.

Generally, the HIV virus can be transmitted from one individual to another by means of sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, the sharing of needles by drug abusers, and even from mother to infant during breastfeeding. Not every individual who tests positive for the HIV virus will develop full-blown AIDS.

As medical science and technology developed through the course of human history, so did the definition of what constitutes a healthy individual. Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “not an absence of illness, but a state of complete mental and physical wellbeing”, which clearly encompasses the mental health of an individual. 

Successful inter-human allotransplants have a relatively long history; the operative skills were present long before the necessities for post-operative survival were discovered. Rejection and the side effects of preventing rejection (especially infection and nephropathy) were, are, and may always be the key problem.