How Did Various Leaders Attempt to Resolve the Social Tensions in Ancient Rome - Assignment Example

In Ancient Rome, how did various leaders attempt to resolve the social tensions created by landlessness among farmers? of the of the institution] In Ancient Rome, how did various leaders attempt to resolve the social tensions created by landlessness among farmers? Rome is a land οf wonders. They gave us and created many things we still use today. this essay talks about what we got from Rome, what they invented, rulers, and more. One important thing they invented was architecture. Rome invented the dome, which is used to strengthen walls and buildings. Also, they were the first inventors οf concrete, which they used (along with pebbles, crushed rock, and gravel) to make the Roman roads. These roads stretched from everywhere in Rome to everywhere else. These roads lasted hundreds, even thousands οf years, and are still there now. One great creation still in use today was called aquaducts. These were large tunnel like things that carried water over moutains, through valleys and towns to get to Rome when drought was upon them. The Roman government was very much like the Greeks democracy. DEMOCRACY = citizens make there own laws REPUBLIC = citizens elect leaders to decide laws for them, but change leaders whenever necesary. The rupublics law making council was called the Senate while the Greeks democracys council was called the assembly. Patricians were Roman citizens with power, property and money. All male patricians could go to the senate. Plebians were free citizens, but were farmers, merchants, etc. with no money. Every year 8 plebians (elected by the plebians) would go to the senate and make laws according to the plebian rights. These people were called Tribunes. Some famous leaders were Julius Ceaser and his nephew Octavian. Ceaser was a great general and who people loved. They soon made him a dictator. When Julius started wearing purple robes, the senate killed him becuase they believed he wanted to become king. Octavian was a famous general named Augustus, or Greatness, and ruled for many years. While he ruled they had Pax Romana, or 200 years οf peace. The Roman army had to learn different ways οf fighting ways οf conquering different areas. During the period οf the Roman Empire (100 B.C. to 500 A.D.) Romans had environmental advantage οf controlling the Mediterranean Sea. Also another advantage is getting foods and materials from lots οf different environments. You could get tin from England, wood from Germany, cotton from Egypt, and silver from Spain. Romans have many advantages as I listed above that is why the lived for many years. Romans started off as farmers and shepherds. They never lost the love οf "simple"country life. In the spring farmers prepared field strips using heavy flows pulled by an Oxen. They planted by seeds by hand. They tools farmers used were iron spades, hoes, wooden rakes for cutting grass, they have knifes for cutting wheat called sickles and scythes. Even though they have knifes they invented a wheat cutting machine called Vallus. A vallus is a 2-weeled cart pushed by a horse or mule. Farmers took crops from Asia and the Mediterranean all over Europe. They were also Roman doctors. They relied on a mixture οf common sense, superstition and what had worked before. They didnt understand the causes οf disease. Doctors were usually men. Some medicines are based on plants. Poppy seed is one οf the main seed medicines. Poppy seed juice is given to crying babies because it helped them to sleep. The modern pain-killing drug morphine is made from poppy seed. Ancient Roman women wore loose tunics. The main garment is an ankle length stola tied at the waist below their breast. A brooch at the shoulder fastened the stola. Over it, a rectangle cloth usually dropped over one shoulder, around back. They usually wore sandals. At home they wore elegant slippers. Women who could not afford shoes went barefoot. The material that roman women used was linen. Wealthy women wore silk imported from India or China. Poor women were fashioned with course brown and grey cloth. In the cold weather women wore crapes, shawls and scarfs. Also they wore woolen socks, stockings, and probably mittens. British women wore a Gallic coat which is a wide loose tunic with sleeves. People might jump in the Tiber River to have a swim or wander off and relax by taking a bath. Men practice riding, fencing, wrestling, throwing, swimming, hunting and fishing. At home men play ball before they have dinner. A popular ball game is to throw the ball as high as possible and catch it before it hit the ground. Women didnt join these games. Romans played many ball games, but not all οf them had specific names. Some οf them were difficult. Only a few games that could be formulated with a ball and a circle. Roman armor is usually made out οf iron or steel and had wooden or bone hand grips. The legionnaire was usually armed with a dagger or sword. The legionnaires favorite was a short-bladed double-edged stabbing weapon. Foot soldiers had throwing spears, short bows or javelins. There are two main artillery machines to throw missiles. Catapult and, a common siege weapon called ballista. It was military equipment that could hurl a large boulder up to 600 ft. Discipline is very important in the roman government. It is not wise to break a rule in Rome. Minor crime punishment is beatings. Thieves are banded. The worst offences could be for a slave is execution. There are many ancient civilizations, but none like Rome. American and European government works similar to the Roman government. The city and art οf Rome had an enormous impact on the French Baroque Classical artist Nicolas Poussin and through him an effect on French art and artists in the following centuries. Poussin got influenced by classical Italian art and flourished art. Rome encouraged a young artist to explore his own abilities. He spent most οf his artistic life in Rome and over half his life in the ancient city. The Roman republic established in 509 B.C. after roman nobles overthrew their king. The new government works different. They keep many new features οf the earlier system. Our problem is different in nature. The U.S. will remain strong, and not take the same path as the Romans did. The path that led to downfall. They influenced us in many ways that improved the modern government. Bibliography Ancient Roman Jobs, Chicago Illinois, Heinemann Library, 2003. Ancient Roman Women, Chicago Illinois, Heinemann Library, 2003. Ancient Roman War And Weapons, Chicago Illinois, Heinemann Library, 2003. Ancient Roman Women, Chicago Illinois, Heinemann Library, 2003 Ancient Rome, New York, King Fisher 2000 Ancient Roman War And Weapons, Chicago Illinois, Heinemann Library, 2003 Early Civilizations, Toronto Ont. Oxford, 2002 Melchiseder, Roman Sports, www.computerclubhouse.org/people/Mel/OtherSites/Latin_Roman_Sports/summary.htm, Wednesday May 12, 2004 www.crystalinks.com/romanrecreation.html, Thursday May 13, 2004 www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk112/romball.html, Thursday May 13, 2004 www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/games/index.htm, Thursday May 13, 2004 Read More