Philosophy Essays

The presence and nature of freedom of the will is a theme of major significance for how individuals will exercise an ethical point of view in their social and personal interactions with other people. Moreover, it is a difficult theoretical issue with regards to different worldviews that individuals hold.

BSBCMM401A Make a presentationTAEDEL401A TAE40110 Certificate IV in Training and Assessment Inspire Education TAEASS301A Contribute to assessment TAEASS401A Plan assessment activities and processes TAEASS402A Assess competence TAEASS403A Participate in assessment validation TAE40110 Certificate IV in Training and Assessment This assessment booklet belongs to: Vukcevic Slobodanka Inspire Education Assessment Cover Sheet TAEASS301A Contribute to assessment TAEASS401A Plan assessment activities and processes TAEASS402A Assess competence TAEASS403A Participate in assessment validation Candidates: Submit this entire document (do not separate or remove pages)– with this page completed as require

In representative democracy, citizens elect their representatives through elections. These electives then make decisions on behalf of the electorate. Direct democracy refers to the form of government where citizens make decisions and policies in person without going through representatives.

 Rationalism differentiates between an empirical knowledge and prior knowledge. Empirical knowledge is something which formulates through experience and the priori knowledge is which that exists prior with the help of reasoning. Rationalism is a philosophy which concentrates only on logic and empirical observations. 

In life, people are believed to be defined by who they are, what they do and what they have, but are these really the things that define a person’s worth? Or maybe there are more important questions that people should ask themselves in order to know that they have lived their lives fully.

An ironic and very sad state of affair. This essay provides a bird's eye view of the man and his times. The main body of the essay consists of a detailed discussion of his philosophic and literary masterpiece. As is obvious the original work is in the Chinese language, hence the main source of this essay is the translation of Chuang Tzu's complete work by another famous orientalist A.C. Graham __ "Chaung Tzu, The Inner Chapters".

It defines and at the same time clearly distinguishes intentions, decisions, actions, and deeds between those that have been deemed good (or right) and those that have been deemed bad/wrong by society. In today’s world, a Moral code is a unique and well-known system of Morality defined by its specific religion, culture, or philosophical background.

 Nowadays people turn to ethics to reflect on what is important to them. The modern world faces new challenges and problems, most of them are connected with the rapidly growing gap between poor and rich countries. The arguments Hardin provides can be grouped into three categories: metaphors, utilitarian, and relativist arguments.  

Some people are sure that they are the result of industrial revolution suggested by Darwin and there are people who believe in god and state that they are created by Him. Darwin’s theory is very topical and debatable. However, it is difficult to imagine that a man with his perfect organism, made exactly the way that is the best one for him, is just a result of evolution.

(2) The second reason is the increase of organized crimes and gang violence that are linked with marijuana. If marijuana will be legalized, Wood and Bratzer explicated two major important benefits that the government could get from its regulation and taxation: (3) Tax from marijuana could potentially help the government fund drug and law enforcement.

Those against this practice on the other hand state that it is unethical for physicians to help their patients commit suicide when they have taken the Hippocratic oath to protect and preserve the lives of their patients. Both sides of this debate have made some very pertinent arguments in support of their sides and it has been very difficult for many societies and people to come to an understanding concerning this matter.

More technically put, virtues are the deeds that compose ethics. Ethics in the society are composed of these virtues. Moreover, the non-virtues in the society are vices, which constitute crime that are curbed through legal means that compose justice. Therefore, justice in the society tries to safeguard the virtues that compose ethics.

Too much dependence on the senses leads to mistakes about the nature of God and the mind, as well as the physical world (Morton, 2010). This essay critically evaluates Descartes’s claim that the mind is not a part of the physical world. It also includes a brief analysis of the response of modern science to this classical assumption.

Both societies aim for the common good. The cited works both commenced with an exploration to delineate the groundwork of a society. It seems that both authors try to unravel and ponder the basic principles in a society. Plato tried to unleash this by inquiring with other individuals until he arrives at a satisfying answer (1-31).

Socrates responds: “I have nothing to do with these studies” (Apology, 3). Socrates explains that there is a play by Aristophanes wherein a character named “Socrates” talks about his powers of philosophy, including that he can “walk in the air” (3). Socrates on page three denies practicing this type of philosophy, although he does not want to disrespect its practitioners.

The center stage that personal epistemologies take indicates that the consideration of acquiring knowledge through work or during working life needs to take into account the roles played by the individuals who are participating in the work. There is a necessity to recognize the best way through which these individuals can engage.

Basically, the things that we have direct control of lie in the domain that can be affected by our actions significantly so that they can be cultivated. In reality, we know that there is nothing others can do when we conceive personal ideas, express desire or contempt over something, and behave in pursuit of our goals.

Therefore, everyone is in a conflict trying to demonstrate that his or her perceptions or judgments are the true discernments. In Montaigne’s opinion, senses that we depend on for knowledge are unreliable and inadequate. Perceptions of bitterness, sweetness, and other tenets of life are our own deceptions and not truthful.

Corrupt corporate culture has had detrimental effects on businesses such as distorting markets and competition, undermining the rule of law, breeding cynicism among citizens, and corroding the integrity of the private sector.   This has mainly emanated from the absence of transparency, consistency; accountability, coupled with institutional weaknesses within judicial and legislative systems.

In the first part of the paper I will reconstruct and explain the philosopher’s argument. In the second part of the paper I will offer my critical evaluation of the argument in relation to speaking falsehood in the hopes of obtaining good consequences

The issue of the soul has always been a center of interest not only to the early philosopher but still is controversial until this time because as Glaucon had been surprised by Socrates’ statement, “Haven’t your realized that our soul is immortal and never destroyed?

Warfare has existed since time immemorial. Destroying generations over political issues became an art over the period. Many philosophers and writers have tried to explain the benefits of countries warring against each other either openly or through guerilla war but repeatedly they have failed to do so.

This unusual situation can take place when the decision is made to support a moral justice or a greater good. This paper will concentrate on capital punishment or the death penalty, a practice that some people consider as morally right while others disagree.

Henry was once tempted to steal a hardware tool, perhaps a drill, from the store where he was working part time because he badly needed cash for one of his projects at the college. His mother had no money at that time and he was simply depending on a scholarship but he was basically the breadwinner of the family at the same time.

For example, some men are prone to courage while others to temperance, which is natural. In addition, temperamental disposition of human beings to understand some things more than others is a natural virtue that arises from individual to individual. On the other hand, the acquired virtues are those virtues that aim for the public good.

Kant also makes several arguments about lying, whether it is morally acceptable to lie. He argues that lying at all times and in all possible circumstances is always morally wrong. He says that all human beings have what is referred to as an intrinsic worth called human dignity. Human beings are rational being who are capable of making their own decisions and guarding their own conduct by the use of reason.

This is because; non-verbal communication encompasses a variety of signals ranging from eye contact, body movements, facial expressions, the dressing code, and touch. All these will communicate a different set of information depending on how they are translated (Mehrabian, 2007, 3).

This is through the analysis of his objections and replies as written in his meditations on the First Philosophy book. This is after the book was circulated for a collection of objections upon which he provided his replies. Most of the people who read the meditations did not agree with some of the philosophical theories built by Descartes.

My philosophy of education is inspired by my past teachers and the educational system that I have been brought up and taught in, counselors, coaches, and other role models in my life and these education philosophers with their different philosophies’.

Distinguished 19th century German thinker Karl Marx (1818-1883) is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers the world has ever produced. By dint of his innate talent, profound intellect and strife for winning equal rights and privileges for all the humans at large, he has rightly been stated as the Father of Socialism (Ruhle, 2005: 4).

Name: College: Course: Tutor: Date: Davis Case I. Facts of the Case A married couple, Mary Sue and Junior Davis, unsuccessfully tried five times to have children. Each of those five attempts resulted in a tubal pregnancy, necessitating the need to terminate the pregnancy.

The Judeo-Christian Ethic is Ruining Our Environment. According to White (1967), the Judeo-Christian ethos of dominance over nature is one of the causes of our environmental problems. While I submit that this is undoubtedly true – one must only look at how we treat our animals and our environment to see that the Judeo-Christian belief in dominance over nature and the animals has been harmful to our environment and our animals – this is not the entire story.

On this basis, impressions are the results of two things; direct sense experience and remembered or imagined experience, which translates to having two types of impressions that are sensation and reflection. Reflection, in this case, refers to the remembered experiences, while sensation is in reference to direct sense experiences and sensational impression are born from our senses, while reflective impressions originate from the mind and include feelings and emotions.

This research will attempt to examine how each philosopher's definition of political justice relates to other aspects of their philosophy, such as the metaphysical order of the universe. According to the research findings the three philosophers examined here arrived at different definitions of soul and justice using similar methods of logical reasoning.

The author of the paper argues in a well-organized manner that Descartes' school of thought stressed the use of reason as the true means through which knowledge can be attained, rationalism became one of the dominant knowledge theories along with empiricism and it served as a major pillar for the enlightenment movement in Europe. 

The highest authority has to be just in all manners, but originate from man himself. This is the sixth proposition according to Kant. He further explains that as people, we have a tendency to follow a leader in our pursuit for stability and normalcy in society.

Many people will not want to be associated with failure no matter what the cost.  One may ask himself what certain personalities always associate failure with. While some people have maintained that the inability to achieve what one wants in life is termed as a failure, others have argued that this definition is relative thus inadequate in defining the term to full capacity.

Mill puts pleasure into two categories, i.e. mental and physical. He gives a way of differentiating qualities of pleasure without regard to morality. Where an individual desires a pleasure to the point that a greater pleasure was offered instead, and yet refuses it for the first, this is the more valued pleasure.

About this particular theory, every principle is valid according to specific cultural practices and beliefs. Another theory of ethics is the theory of divine command. This theory makes the argument that God alone is the one who makes decisions on moral standards since he knows everything. A third system of ethics is the deontological theory.

This is despite whether compassion was the motive or otherwise. There are many dynamics that are involved when a person requires it to alleviate extreme pain or a condition that is considered to be torture towards the person experiencing it. There is a need for the act of assisted suicide to be morally justifiable to make it ethical.

All rational creatures are ends in themselves and have intrinsic value and because of this; these creatures should not use each other as means to their own ends as this would be bad for the individuals involved. The human being is a very special creature, and it is because of this that he was given the ultimate commandment of reason.

In this section of my paper, I will compare and contrast the views of Epicurus and Epictetus, two famous Greek philosophers who lived in the last centuries of the first millennium.

What it has imparted us as a race is its value and capability of transforming man.Russell proposes that what philosophy does “is merely the attempt to answer such ultimate questions…critically, after exploring all that makes such questions puzzling, and after realizing all the vagueness and confusion that underlie our ordinary ideas”

It must mean that knowledge is such that it shall bring about a certain perspective with regards to a topic at hand. What is even more significant is how knowledge (and information) shall bestow success which has been based upon the belief (and indeed the ideology) which has developed in a specific amount of time.

The masses rely on knowledge of senses which is misleading and in order to fully understand reality contemplation is required, through contemplation, philosophers understand the real good. The virtue of wisdom, Plato says, cannot come from worldly efforts rather it is divine. This means that Plato’s ruler will have to have a divine element in him.

However, the Knowledge Argument goes beyond the idea of physicalism as it has been perceived that there is more knowledge in the world than just having an idea of the physical objects around us. This paper helps to provide an insight regarding how the idea of physicalism has been proven to be a false notion by a number of philosophers and thinkers since the past and how not everything can be perceived by having an idea of the physical objects of existence around us.

There are quite a lot of diseases in which living feels extremely painful for the patient, so the patient chooses death over life in an attempt to permanently escape the unbearable pain. In other cases, euthanasia is given to old patients who have gone into a coma and have remained in that state for years. People may want to die because of several reasons. They may be continuously feeling very low in depression.

The proofs of the Holy Trinity are found in both the Old and New Testaments but mostly in the latter, although these proofs are rather implied than stated directly. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus states after His Resurrection, “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit”.

The study tells that examining the subject matter that has to do with the existence of God, rationalists and empiricists usuallystand on different sides of the fence. Rationalists claim that God exists and that God created the earth. The empiricist would wonder the reasons that rationalists would hold on to what they cannot feel with their senses as true, and dispute what they can sense.

Moral philosophy is the term that at times is used to refer to ethics, thus clearly indicating that ethics is another branch of philosophy and it is the study of the specific moral choices to be made by a person and of the general nature of morals. It is as well as the rules or standards that govern a member of a profession or the conduct of a person. In succinct terms, ethics is the scientific or philosophical treatment of morality.