How Has the International Boundary Changed since the End of the Second World War - Assignment Example

Overall, I like the paper, you bring out good points…..and really you are a life saver….and thanks again…..but can you just give a little more information in the introduction How has the international boundary changed since the end of WWII? Introduction: In the introduction will you please state what an international boundary is, how they are formed and why did the boundaries change after World War II? What were the reasons for the territorial changes? Theoretically the redistribution of lands after WWII was based on the ethnicity of local populations… The engine of civilization started roaring after the ignition of fire by ancient Neanderthal man. Since then, the man has evolved through many odds, obeying the natural laws, and over riding many uncountable perilous wars and battles. The prehistoric man, born as a beast, has not been able to leave the attitude to fight, without thinking of the consequences. The will to conquer has ended with many alternatives in the national and international boundaries. Many countries have lost their identity and many new countries have evolved. The twentieth century has experienced two ugly wars embracing almost all parts of this living globe. Millions of people have sacrificed their lives, billions of wealth has been plundered, but many countries have continued to march ahead, with many citizens living in agony. The world political scenario has changed at the behest of the United Nations. The political epicenters revolving around the allied forces bifurcated to a newer vista of bipolar World. The dare-devil hot war transformed to overwhelming cold wars. The international boundaries acting as ethnic, economic, geographical, political, legal and strategic limitations between two countries are fully or partially controlled which may be crossed legally only at some designated crossing points with due permission from the authorities. These boarders are formed either with mutual agreement or through political compulsions. Unlike many post battle effects, the social, economic and ethnic effervescence emanating from the World War II destabilized the entire human civilization which resulted in changes in international boundaries. In many countries liberals were welcome to reign over. (What do you mean here? Ans- After the devastating world war the people mostly voted for the liberal parties with softer people oriented agenda. In UK labor party came to power which ultimately lead to the independence of India and Pakistan) Effects of the boundary changes….. Since the end of World War II, India and Pakistan received their independence from British India in August, 1947. The Tricolor and the green Islamic flags were hoisted over their respective headquarters removing the British colonial symbol. These two countries have fought wars in 1948, 1965, and 1971 because of the Kashmir issue and other boundary disputes. Bangladesh, also called East Pakistan, was created after the war between India and Pakistan. In 1962, China in spite of its agreement for Five plan formula popularly known as “Panchasheel” formulated by the then Indian Prime Minister, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, attacked India and conquered many parts of the Akasi chin taking its strategic advantage over India. The effect of World War II was so disastrous that it was not limited to the boundaries, but also the life of people was jeopardized and they demanded freedom from slavery. Please clarify this statement. Ans- The WW-II involved almost all countries of world directly or indirectly. For example India was compelled to fight against Japan and German because it was a colonial state of British Govt. In turn the people of India demanded freedom from slavery i.e. complete independence. So far as the limitation in boundaries is concerned, The Greatest Indian Freedom fighter went far away to Rangoon to hoist the National flag in 1930. He also went to German and Japan to fight against Allies The people were leaving a distress life of hunger, malnutrition, starvation, homelessness, etc. making the life geoparadised.). Six republics, including Macedonia, of Yugoslav Socialist Federation were established in 1945 under the Presidentship of Marshal Tito. The then Soviet Union returned Porkkala to Finland and Yugoslavia and Italy abolished and distributed free territory of Tricole in 1956. The territory of New Guinea joined with Papua to form Papua and New Guinea in July 1949. The Dominion Newfoundland joined Canada in March 1931. In July 1955, Austria was established from four occupation zones of Allied powers. In 1957 with the help of plebiscite Saar was incorporated into the federal Republic of Germany previously bordering Luxembourg, France and Germany. It is also very interesting to find Japan shaking hands with the United States of America in post world war scenario. Days were there when Japan was Ans- I am talking about the time of WW-II when America exploded atom bomb in Japan killing millions of people within a fraction of second. But with the explosion of Atom Bomb, the same country surrendered and also became close ally in trade, science and defence. Now Us is protecting Japan against any foreign invasion.) the main target of the Allied forces and the World War II which ended with the atomic explosion on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the August 6th and 9th, 1945. But the changing political equation and financial reformations have compelled these staunch enemies to come down and tie-up for future economic and strategic challenges. The result of which can very well be observed from the most favored status offered by the United Stated to the Japanese businessmen and free defense safe guard to the Japanese territory forgetting the political boundaries fixed by the Governments. In 1974 after the coup attempted by Greek Cypriot military Junta, Turkey invaded and occupied one-third territory of Cyprus. In another instance, after being relinquished by Portugal in 1974, East Timor was annexed by Indonesia. Although the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declared independence but it is not recognized by any other country except Turkey since 1983. After long gap of four restless decades in post Word War era, the West Germany united with the East Germany on October 3rd 1990 leaving behind all speculations of the critics. The great wall erected between these two surrogate-countries united with each other forbidding the boundaries drawn by the allied forces. In addition to these developments it is also pertinent to mention the independence of Transnistria declared from Moldavian SSR but it has not yet been recognized by any other countries. The bipolar world during the era of cold war transformed in to a unipolar world after dissolution of the then Union Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). The people relieved a sigh and expected a future world with peace and tranquility. But, the transformation amid anxious hopes for eternal world peace encountered a new type of tension, paradoxes and adverse trends. The Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991 due to its failure in keeping harmony between internal development and military advancements. The Perestroika of President Gorbachev ended with 15 independent countries within USSR including the European States of Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine. All the former Soviet Republics had their independence recognized by 26th of December. In 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia and became Republic of Yugoslavia which later renamed as Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. Moreover, Slovenia and Croatia on June 25 and the Republic of Macedonia in 28 September declared independence from Yugoslavia. In January 1993, Czechoslovakia was fragmented into Czech Republic and Slovakia. The autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo came under the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in June 1999. In the same year the Panama canal Zone returned from the joint U.S. - Panamanian control was brought to the direct control of Panama leaving behind the historic accord of 1979 to change boarder and relief from U.S. control. In May 2002, East Timor attended the independence from Indonesian. In June2006, The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was dissolved. Both of these countries became independent states. In February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from the parental Serbia and became an independent country. It was recognized as separate state by a number of countries including the United States, Western European states, Turkey and Canada. It is right to mention here that the independence declared by Turkey has not yet been recognized by Serbia, Russia, the People’s Republic of China, Spain and other countries. Conclusion: In addition to the above political ups and downs bringing into several modifications in the World Political boundaries, there are several instances the result of which remained incubate for so many decades due to restricted interests of the political forces. The time will definitely come when all or some of these issues will end up with new boundaries with birth of new countries. May it be the burning Tibetan issues raised by Dalai Lama; referendum in Kashmir demanded by Pakistan, Taiwanese Liberalization Movement of Cuban invasion by its ever lasting enemy, there seems to be some political settlements in near future. The changes in political boundaries is not a new event in the world political history ,but the quantum of such changes after World War II has recorded a significant rise which has astonished many thinkers of the modern world. It might be due to the devastating after math of the war or the upliftment in human civilizations through social, economic and political renaissance. References Webmaster, 2004: The Kashmir War http://blankonthemap.free.fr/2_histoire/22_conflit_du_cachemire/kashmir_conflict.htm#1962 (Accessed on May 3, 2008) Wikipedia, 2008: List of national border changes since world war http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_border_changes_since_the_twentieth_century (Accessed on May 3, 2008) German www resources, 2001: German Political & Economic History (Chronology), 1945 - 1997 http://faculty.washington.edu/krumme/german/chronology.html (Accessed on May 3, 2008) Read More