Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits - Research Paper Example

A Literature Review of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT Psychological Assessment test) Introduction Autism spectrum disorders can be described as extreme disabling neurodevelopmental associated with conditions with a difficult genetic etiology. These disorders are characterized by social- communication difficulties, interaction challenges and a trend to get involved in repetitive activities. The signs and their seriousness vary extensively across these three main areas (Hattier et al., 2011). When the symptoms are taken together, they may result to mild encounters for somebody on the extraordinary execution end of the autism disorder. For some children, signs of this disorder may be strict when doing recurring activities and lack of expressed language obstruct with their daily life (Hattier et al., 2011). This essay discusses a review on the infant and baby screen for babies with Autism disorders (BISCUIT Psychological Assessment test). These disorders are lifelong disorders that affect how a child communicates and interacts with others within the society. The sources of this syndrome are not known though the disorder can be as a result of a combination of several factors. These factors include genetic inheritance and defects that occur during child births especially in the central nervous system (Hattier et al., 2011). The BISCUIT Psychological Assessment test is usually used to review children aged between seventeen and thirty seven months (Hattier et al., 2011). During this stage, the child undergoes tremendous growth and experiences several changes in the body. Some of these changes might affect external symptoms and analysis. For instance, as the child grows, the child the signs of disorders that go together with autism can be observed during these development stages (Hattier et al., 2011). In a study conducted by Hattier et al. (2011) revealed that children with Autism spectrum disorders had one comorbid identified anxiety syndrome. This study discovered that infants with this disorder had challenges like phobia indifferences, compulsions, movement and vocal challenges, as well as social fear than other normal children. They noted that anxiety is very important among children with Autism spectrum disorders, and anxiety among these children affects their social development and social interaction with other children in the society. These researchers mainly examined the occurrence of disobedient or rebellious behaviors among infants with Autism spectrum disorders and unusual development. These researchers used a descriptive non-experimental research design that examines the occurrences of challenging activities among two analytic collections. This kind of research methodology used was significant because this research process was still in the initial stages of improvement (Hattier et al., 2011). The researchers used a sample of 2131 infants, with 633 reported with an Autism spectrum disorders and 1498 recorded to have unusual growth (Hattier et al., 2011). The Infant and Baby Screen for Babies with Autism spectrum Traits-Part 3 using the BISCUIT-Part 3 to conduct an assessment of difficult activities within the target pollution. The incidences of challenging activities were assessed along with an examination of the co-occurring elements. The findings of the study indicated a larger percentage of children with Autism spectrum disorders as compared to the group with uncommon development. These researchers concluded that the challenging actions were variables influencing the behavioral appearance of those with Autism spectrum disorders and may be studied into the treatment strategies for these infants (Hattier et al., 2011). Horovitz et al (2011) conducted a study to examine the effect of ethnic group and diagnostic group to support rates of defiant behaviors in babies and toddlers suffering from autism disorder. They assessed the PDD-NOS and unusual growth without Autism spectrum disorders, using the infant and Baby Screen for infants with autism disorder Traits using Part-3 BISCUIT psychological assessment tests. The researchers used the (MANOVAs) multivariate analyses of variance on every sub-scale of the BISCUIT assessment tests. As a follow-up activity they used univariate analysis and situation tests as required (Horovitz et al., 2011). They used the following methodology in their study by conduction a comparison on the scores on the BISCUIT assessment tests for 453 infants from Caucasian community and 409 infants from African-American society and children, grouped by ethnic group and diagnosis (Horovitz et al., 2011). The scholars learned that there was a positive variation between the ethnic groups on five out of 10 infant aggressive conducts, whereas there was no significant variation on self- distressing or stereotypic conducts. They discovered significant variation between diagnostic respondents in all their behaviors (Horovitz et al., 2011). Finally, these researchers concluded that cultural influences should be considered when examining difficult behaviors in children and babies with Autism spectrum disorders. Matson, Wilkins & Fodstad (2011) conducted a research and reported on the convergent and different validity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Babies with Autism spectrum disorders Traits (BISCUIT assessment tests), specifically the BISCUIT assessment tests. The researchers used a sample of a sample of 1,007 infants between the ages of 17-37 months who were examined individually. The BISCUIT assessment demonstrated good convergent validity with the changed checklist for Autism in Children (M-CHAT) and the Special Social area from the Battelle growing Inventory (Matson, Wilkins & Fodstad, 2011). Sipes, Matson & Horovitz (2011) examined the effects of Autism spectrum disorders diagnosis and motor skills on socialization in young children. These researchers used two samples in their study; a sample of 408 Gross motor skills infants and a sample of 402 fine motor ability infants (Sipes, Matson & Horovitz, 2011). These researchers used the battle development inventory to assess the movement skills among the study respondents, while the infant and baby screen for infants with Autism spectrum disorders Traits. They also used the assessment tool to assess socialization skills among the study respondents. These researchers discovered the main outcome of the analysis for both respondents used on the sample on socialization skills. Those suffering from autism disorders displayed the most strict discrepancies followed by children suffering from PDD-NOS and followed by those with a typically behavior (Sipes, Matson & Horovitz, 2011). They discovered in their analysis that there was a major effect for movement abilities, with high movement abilities displaying reduced social challenges. The interaction time was only meaningful in respects to well developed movement abilities. Sipes et al. (2011) compared children and toddlers with mental and developmental disorders in respect to the occurrence of challenging behavior. They used a sample including parents and care givers of infants of 40 infants between the age of seventeen to thirty five months using five various disorders. These disorders were discovered among twenty three children suffering from Down syndrome, eight with growth delay disorder, fifty six with prematurity development, fifteen with Cerebral Palsy disorder and twenty eight with Seizure disorder (Sipes et al., 2011). The entire sample was administered using the BISCUIT assessment tool. They conducted an ANOVA analysis of obtained scores and conducted an MANOVA on the sub-scale scores to obtain the significant different between the groups under investigation. The scholars learnt that there were no variations between the absolute values on the sub-scales of the BISCUIT assessment tests (Sipes et al., 2011). They also discovered that children with this disorder suffered from aggressive behavior, destructive behavior and self-harm behaviors. They decided that it was feasible for the difference among children investigated is not apparent to their future life. It is also very important to monitor difficult behaviors among children to ensure that they control these difficult conditions among children or infants. Conclusion The studies reviewed have investigated the use of BISCUIT assessment tool in assessing children suffering from Autism spectrum disorders. This tool was able to differentiate children suffering from Autism spectrum disorders from normal children. More research should be conducted using this tool at an advanced stage of investigation because most of the studies were based at the initial stage of investigation. Parents and care givers can use this instrument to monitor children’s behaviors as they grow with an aim of correcting them. References Hattier, M. A., Matson, J. L., Belva, B. C., & Horovitz, M. (2011). The occurrence of challenging behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorders and atypical development. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 14(4), 221-229. doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.573836 Horovitz, M., Matson, J. L., Rieske, R. D., Kozlowski, A. M., & Sipes, M. (2011). The relationship between race and challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 14(4), 208-214. doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.566596 Matson, J., Wilkins, J., & Fodstad, J. C. (2011). The Validity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with autism Traits: Part 1 (BISCUIT: Part 1). Journal Of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1139-1146. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0973-3. Sipes, M., Matson, J. L., & Horovitz, M. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders and motor skills: The effect on socialization as measured by the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with autism Traits (BISCUIT). Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 14(5), 290-296. doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.587838. Sipes, M., Rojahn, J., Turygin, N., Matson, J. L., & Tureck, K. (2011). Comparison of problem behaviours in atypically developing infants and toddlers as assessed with the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with autism Traits (BISCUIT). Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 14(5), 261-266. doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.577050 Read More