ASSIGNMENT SEVEN - Coursework Example

An old person is anybody above 65 years of age. This group of people experience changes that are age-related-both cognitively and physically. Generally the following physical changes are age related; weakening vision, hearing impairment and growing probability of several chronic conditions like arthritis, heart disease, osteoporosis, diabetes and hypertension. Whereas there is some level of cognitive impairment, it differs from one old person to another and includes such things as declining speed in information processing, mood disorders as well as memory problems.

Cognitive changes do not necessarily interfere with day by day living since several old people take many medications, drug side effects and interactions are more widespread than in age groups that are younger (Veaver, Koenig, 1998).Elementary school individual counseling involves provision of guidance services to individual student. Thus a counselor will observe a child, during play and classroom activities and discuss with the child’s teachers and parents to assess the child’s special needs, problems and strengths.

Together with administrators and teachers, the counselor makes sure that the curriculum tackles both the developmental and academic needs of the student. Elementary school counselor does less academic and vocational counseling than the one done by high school counselor (Ehly, Dustin, 1989).The following are some of the presenting problems of middle and secondary school students; relationship with their parents and family-thus home issues are widespread problems addressed by counselors. Parents may lack time to spend with their children or worse still undergoing a divorce.

The other problem is substance abuse such as alcohol or other drugs due to peer pressure and finally this age group could be indecisiveness about key career or college education generally. Those are the main problems faced by middle and high school students (Beeler, Magnuson, Hess, 2011). Work CitedBeeler Linda, Magnuson Sandy,Hess Robyn. Counselling Children and Adolescents in Schools. New York : SAGE Publications, 2011.Ehly Stewart, Dustin Richard. Individual and Group Counselling in Schools.

New York: The Guilford Press , 1989.Veaver Andrew, Koenig George. Pastoral Care of Older Adults. New York: Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 1998.