Psychology Essays

Cerebral palsy that is characterized by non-progressive, abnormal control of movement or posture is not diagnosed until months or years after birth. A review of the pregnancy records cannot show antenatal cause because the development of fetal brain and function cannot be monitored. Complications that occur during the antepartum period are causes of cerebral palsy.

Michael, a practitioner at the naturopathic clinic that Julia attends for dietary sessions, should not tell Julia about his personal life. He should not also accept to catch up with Julia after work. This would be crossing professional boundaries and since Michael has known Julia through his profession, he should only maintain the client-practitioner friendship.

Experiences from a variety of fields such as medicine, telecommunications, tours and travel, research and academics, investors, fresh and new employees, and many other aspects have been undertaken for a deeper analysis and evaluation of the possible link and relation between personality and information seeking process.  

Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviors. Psychologists follow and note how people and other animals associated with one another and with the environment. They look for some sort of patterns that will help them understand and anticipate behavior, and they use different scientific methods to check their ideas.

Convergent thinking is used to redefine information. The product is a transformation. A considerable amount of the effort which is embodied in the creative process is in the engagement of transformation. The act of making something known, which prior to initiating the process, was unknown. (The Letenist 2002).

Firstly, they must make themselves familiar with many of the symptoms of mental disorders among patients and the treatment of the same. They should be able to easily grab the implications that may arise while adopting several methods that may involve while explaining the mental disorder. Thus, McHugh and Slaveny formulated four methods of reasoning.

The veracity of Goffman’s theories can be seen in the Stanford Prison Experiment Research and also in the real-life episode of Abu Gharib atrocities. All this makes one understand the essentiality of a human rights approach to prison management and also the importance of appropriate education and training for prison staff.

As school-aged children spend more of their waking hours in schools, they are confronted with new issues and they tend to resolve them their ways. That is to say that they may express their reluctance to have their parents’ involvement in their issues with their peers. In other words, parents gradually lose their influence on their school-age children.

Generally speaking, the process of evacuation is often complex where social relationships are considered as it becomes very difficult to carry out the evacuation process. Research conducted by l.Z Yang et al (2005) on the evacuation time which is based on the design and another based on human behavior.

Coping with stressors involves changing my attitude, diet, motivational outlooks, and intrinsic activities. (i.e. calming music, relaxation, and meditation techniques).  Also, acknowledging my ‘strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is a way to understand that I am human and my humanistic perspectives help me to cope and achieve a state of well-being.

In curbing the effect of PS in society, the ideal approach may involve collaboration between the legal and mental fraternities. However, it should be noted that the circumstances leading to PAS may differ from one parent to another and the remedies towards one's family intervention may not work in another.

The paper "The Science of Emotional Intelligence by Peter Salovey and Daisy Grewal" is a delightful example of an article on psychology. The authors seek to provide an overview of research that has been undertaken on the topic of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a great topic of interest in the field of psychology.

The age-related decline in repetition priming is an important aspect observed in Greenwood's (2000) study. This is a reflection of important latent variables used in experiments to show the brain regions affected by aging.  It was found that explicit memory is reduced in older people than in the young group.

Nicotine has a complex structure and it is a hygroscopic, oily liquid. It permeates easily and can be treated easily with many acids to form salt structures and residues. Research data has been known to state that freebase nicotine can be burnt at a temperature that is actually below the mixture's boiling point.

In 1974, Stanley Milgram conducted a study that proved how well people obey authority figures. The learner was placed in one room, hooked up to electrodes, and asked to answer questions administered by the teacher. In the other room, the teacher was told to give an electric shock to the learner every time he answered incorrectly.

The achievement of informed consent from patients and potential research participants is considered a basic requirement in clinical care and clinical research, but ethicists have paid little attention to the psychological processes and social factors involved in sharing information between individuals.

AIDS is common in Kibera slums, Nairobi, Kenya; that is characterized by low-income earners living below a dollar a day. A high number of the screened residents, 64 % are alcohol users and 90 % of the alcohol users are HIV/AIDS victims. A doctor’s confidentiality level is a factor that an HIV/AIDS patient questions as they seek medical care.

Because R&D teams are often cross-functional, the transformational leader can convince members, via charisma and serving as a coach and mentor, to look beyond individual or functional orientations to the importance of technological innovation or new product as a team outcome (Bass, 1985; Yukl, 2002). Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) have distinguished transformational leaders (who inspire through a vision) from transactional leaders (who use exchange relationships and monitoring).

By referring to a psychologist by the name of Piaget, he classifies egocentrism as the characteristic of the preoperational stage. We understand that there are a few stages involved in child development, for example, the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, and finally, the formal operational stage.

The Defined roles are experienced by an employee or a department within the organization if the information needed is missing, inadequate or irrelevant. Communication has the potential for leading the organization to success. It is also a sufficient means of leading an organization to failure if it is inaccurate, inadequate or inconsistent.

These nightmares are that the boyfriend used to treat her very bad and thus affected her emotionally. The other thing is that the boyfriend did not appreciate how much she could sacrifice and come to see him to the extent that she could put the fuel and come to his place, but, in vain, the guy complained why she did that.

This was to be done through competition that would create frustrations. Competitive activities were availed where one group gained at the expense of the other. Serious aggression was witnessed where Rattlers attacked Eagle’s cabin and stole their properties. Due to the tension developing, Sherif introduced the third phase, called the integration phase.

Moreover, clinical depression occurs at ages of 20 and 50 for the first time, but persons over the age of 65 may be vulnerable. Past episodes of depression can increase the possibilities of developing it again in future. Also, individuals whose close relatives have had clinical depression have huge chances of developing it themselves.

The results also revealed that there is a significant relationship between psychological well-being with gender and age. Different age groups are affected differently by the negative or positive emotions they experience in life. This also impacts the weight at which depression or any other form of mental illness affects the body.

Parents might want an explanation of the possible outcomes and measures to be adopted to reverse any negative effect on their children. In addition, pre-emptying the experiment might also interfere and pose a major challenge because guardians would want their kids to be placed in the presumed desirable group N1.

There are many contradicting reasons as to why this event took place. This is mainly because of the different perspectives that exist. To further look into this topic, it is important to identify the causes of the child removal policy. There have been several legislations on the policy of child removal, the first one being recorded in 1869.

Neurotransmitter directly or indirectly influences neurons in a specific portion of the brain, leading to a behavioural response. However, abnormal levels in neurotransmitters are often associated with mental disorders. A case in point is serotonin which plays a regulatory role in the various physiological functions, including sensory functions, mood.

I find counselling to be very significant in the helping professions as well as in the lives of individuals in general. Before a counsellor is able to help others, it is natural that he helps himself first. I personally agree with the findings that counselling has been lauded as the hallmark used for developing a helping relationship between human beings.

Catherine is made to see the real picture. She understood that she used the wrong approach to the problem because she did not comprehensively understand the problem. Instead of trying to get the syllabus and coaching her kid, she could have explained to the teachers that the kid needs extra time and a little push

Manchester Council for Community Relations (MCCR) gave me an exciting opportunity to work with people through two main projects. In addition, it also gave me a chance to develop my theoretical understanding of the concepts of interpersonal relationships, as well as, psychology in working with other people.

. Freud’s first theory was called the seduction theory, which tried to explain hysterical symptoms. Freud dropped this theory because it proved that it could not work in all cases. He later worked on hysterical patients using his psychoanalysis theory until the early 1930s, when Franz Anton Mesmer discovered animal magnetism.

Physical activities also decrease as an adolescent grow older. In facts, the walking distance gets shorter and car driving increases, and thus there is a huge decline in physical activities. The body composition and growth of muscle mass common during adolescence leads to physical and increased tolerance for exercise for teenagers.

I feel that all steps should be directed in such a manner that it ensures acting fairly in all the situation. This will help to act in the manner in which the decisions would have looked towards the benefit of most and delivered superior results. This would have also safeguarded the requirements of the law and helped to deliver ethical results.

The main principles underlying CBT are the idea of looking at different interpretations which people make of events. The behaviour part of CBT conceptualizes that someone’s behaviour influences their thoughts and emotions. The ‘here and how’ principle focuses on what is presently happening rather than past events.

When a scientific community has only knowledge about facts and formulas without any clear linkage between them, they are essentially useless. Having facts about a scientific theory is just but the beginning of a rigorous scientific process. Several steps are required before a theory can be proved to be a legitimate scientific fact.

As a result, the whole spectrum is usually defined in terms of impairments that affect social imagination, social interaction, and social communication. Such impairments are associated with a repetitive range of activities. There is also a range of other problems which are associated with the triad making diagnosis more complex.

Health psychologists tend to take a bio-psychosocial approach most of the time. This is taken to mean that they presume and understand health to be the final result of not only processes that are fully biological in nature like viruses or tumors but also of numerous psychological processes such as beliefs, thoughts and stress.

From the way the client talks, it is evident that behavior change has effectively taken place. For instance, the client has realized that it is her to change the situation people she shares the problem with cannot offer a solution to the problem. She gas also realized that her thought is the cause of the problem.

Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, explored the development of moral reasoning in children. He opposed the proposition that children are forced to learn and adhere to moral laws in society. He explained that children learn best from others in a group. Children adhere to society rules through an active process rather than a passive one.

Understanding different cultural values and how they affect the counselling practice is also paramount in developing this treasured career. It involves having an enhanced and deep understanding and knowledge of the counselling profession's social, cultural and legal aspects. Among the many approaches to counselling.

The methods used in this research provide a good way of differentiating between the two types of autistic disorders. The statistics provided are viable and they authenticate the assertions the researcher makes. The conclusions drawn are supported by the findings of the research that has been carried out.

There are diverse factors that are associated with causing stress in individuals. Some of them are people, situation and environmental events. When there are conflicts between parents, lovers, children and other people, then it is said that people caused the conflict. Situations like jobs, driving and other internal conflicts also cause stress.

Many extras are not paid in a manner consistent with their important function within the industry. In fact, if the extra happens to lack union status, that extra’s pay is decimated by as much as 50% of what a union member would be paid for the same work. Non-union extras should be paid for the work they perform as handsomely as union workers.

It is expected that after psychological treatment, the athletes would be able to perform fearlessly on the field. They would not be scared of the outcome of the game but would play for the fun that they derive from playing it as explained by Ungerleider (2005). The athletes are expected to be more confident about their achievements. 

Health psychology is a relatively new concept that seeks to help us understand how psychological, behavioral, social and biological factors influence health in people. Health psychology focuses on encouraging health promotion practices as well as the treatment and prevention of illness. Jane Ogden’s definition of health psychology falls in line with the common overlook of the concept.  

Active listening and empathy are some of the main skills that a counsellor or a therapist is expected to possess and apply. Listening is considered important in assisting a client during a counselling session, to solve his or her problems and making positive behavioural transformations. It helps the client to feel worthy, respected and appreciated.

The government’s response to the health policy has been overwhelming as depicted by the increment in funds towards implementation of the social aw. In a healthcare agreement that ran from 2003-2009, the Australian government pledged to provide direct financing to all states and territories in order to facilitate reforms outlined under the National Mental Health Strategy.

Relationships between the various variables such as age, length of service, gender, time of service among other variables were analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression analysis (Lundstrom et al. 2007 p 84-90). These methods can not describe human behavior and needed the support of a qualitative approach.

The research confirms that a lot needs to be done in the area of exploring the relationship between anxiety and physical activity or exercise. The National Institute of Mental Health and other researchers are still in process of studying whether regular physical activity appears to enhance well-being.

There was a time when the counselling process was completely separated from the realm of spirituality and religion. Many of the counselling practitioners were very hesitant in incorporating their clients’ spiritual and religious concerns during counselling for fear of being seen as inappropriately mixing the process with spiritual matters.