Globalization, Job Migration and Organizational Transformation - Dissertation Example

Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Executive Summary 3 What is globalization? 4 Background 5 IBM 7 Globalization and IBM 9 IBM Globalization software services 9 IBM Globalization and Jobs Migration 10 IBM Globalization and Outsourcing 11 Globalization negative impacts 13 Conclusion 14 Work Cited 14 Introduction This paper presents the detailed analysis of the new trends of the globalization, job migration, global outsourcing, and organizational transformation with regard to a specific organization. In this paper we will discuss how all the theories (about globalization, job migration, and outsourcing) are applied on IBM. This research will cover the information about IBM, such as history, employee base, etc. The key goal of the research is to study the role of IBM regarding establishment of the new paradigms for the global transformation. Executive Summary With the passage of time and advancement in the information technology the world have turned out to e a global village. And in this age of competition, the need of globalization has become necessary for the organizations. Globalization is a foreseeable happening in human history thats been carrying the world nearer in the course of the swap over of products and goods, knowledge, services, information as well as culture. On the other hand in excess of the previous some of decades, the speed of this worldwide incorporation has turned out to be a great deal quicker as well as striking for the reason that of unparalleled progressions in communications, technology, transport, science, and industry (Youthink). Despite the fact that globalization is a channel for, and a result of human development, it is as well an unsystematic development that necessitates modifications, transformations, and produces considerable confronts, and troubles. This rapid speed of transformation can disturb the societies and the majority societies desired to organize or direct it (Youthink). During a lot of centuries, human being cultures all through the world have instituted more and more fast links; on the other hand at the present time the pace has noticeably augmented. Outstanding transformations in transportation, communications and computer expertise’s have specified the procedure for modern and up-to-date momentums as well as established the planet additional mutually dependent than ever. International businesses produce goods in a lot of countries and put up for sale to clients’ all over the globe. Wealth, knowledge as well as raw materials goes increasingly additional quickly transversely countrywide borders. By the side of through goods, finances, thoughts and societies flow additional liberally (Globalpolicy). In view of the fact that as a consequence, regulations, financial systems, and social activities are shaping at the global level as well as not simply the Globalization of the financial system however as well the globalization of culture, Politics and law is todays status quo. The globalized humanity flounces away rule and demoralizes limitations and countrywide politics. Globalization produces novel marketplace as well as prosperity, still like it reasons extensive anguish, chaos, and turbulence. It is together a foundation of domination as well as a channel for worldwide activities of social integrity and liberation (Globalpolicy). What is globalization? It is complicated to describe the term “Globalization” for the reason that it has come to mean so many things. Usually, globalization is defined as the trend toward countries merging together efficiently, through education, culture and politics, and viewing themselves not simply through their national identity but also as component of the world as a group. Globalization is supposed to carry people of all nations closer together, particularly by means of a common medium like the market or the Internet (Ellis-Christensen). Globalization is the combination of political, economic and cultural arrangements throughout the world. In this modern period, some time it is also taken as the “Americanization”. This is because the dominance of the United States in each area of the world. Globalization is also a course of action that powers for economic expansion, wealth, and self-governing sovereignty. Globalization is also like a power that provides a great damage to the environment; here we also see that globalization exploits the developing world and inhibition of human rights (Globalization101)? Background Covering a extensive variety of diverse economic, political and civilizing movements the term “globalization” has rapidly turned out to be one of the majority smart exhortations of modern supporting as well as scholastic debate. In well-liked discussions, globalization frequently roles like small additional than a synonym for one or additional of the subsequent trends (Scheuerman): Looking for of standard liberal or open marketplace strategies in the global financial system The emergent authority of western or we can say American types of economic, political and cultural existence The propagation of modern and up-to-date information expertise The idea that civilization positions at the entrance of comprehend one sole united community in which main sources of society disagreement have misplaced (Scheuerman). In this universe, there are several places where a person can’t get to within a day of travel, and few people a person can’t reach via telephone or Internet. Because of contemporary ways of travel and communication, people of a country are more aware of the world generally and may be partial by other cultures in an assortment of ways. There are fewer roles of time and space, and even language barriers are being conquered as communities all over the world communicate through trade, social Internet forums, a variety of media sources, and various other modes (Ellis-Christensen). There are many viewpoints for the globalization, few are given below: (Ellis-Christensen) It is decreasing poverty worldwide. It facilitates the access to technology in developing countries. It supports world peace. It is helpful for women and children’s rights. It elevates life expectations. Providentially, new social presumption has devised an additional accurate idea of globalization than those classically opened through pundits. Despite the fact that quick dissimilarities carry on to detach contributor in the enduring debate, the majority modern communal theorists sustain the visualization that globalization denotes essential transforms in the temporal and spatial forms of community continuations, according to that the implications of freedom or area experience transfers in the face of a no fewer theatrical speeding up in the temporal arrangement of vital shapes of human movements. Geographical remoteness is naturally calculated in time (Scheuerman). Since the time essential to join separate geographical places is condensed distance or freedom experiences density or else annihilation. The human understanding of liberty is intimately linked to the temporal arrangement of those behaviors through ways of that we practice space. Transforms in the temporality of individual movements certainly produce changed practices of territory or space. Theorists of globalization oppose regarding the precise foundations of present transfers in the temporal or spatial outlines of human life (Scheuerman). On the other hand, they typically consent that changes in humanitys understandings of time and space are operational to damage the significance of confined as well as even countrywide limitations in a lot of areas of human attempt. As globalization holds far-reaching insinuations for almost each surface of human life, it essentially proposed require reorganizing main inquiries of normative political hypothesis (Scheuerman). IBM This section is about the detailed analysis of the IBM business introduction. At the present time, IBM is one of the best computer technology providers in the world. The business of the IBM is established throughout the world. In year 2005, there were more than 329,373 employees in IBM. The gross income of this business in same year was $m91, 100. From these figures we can estimate that the IBM is potentiality a greater contender in the marketplace (SolarNavigator). The history of the IBM starts from 1911, when the computing scale organization of America, the tabulating machine company, and the international time recording company combined and integrated to make the computing-Tabulating-recording company (C-T-R) (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). Then this organization traded an assortment of business related gadgets, comprising a machine that utilized punched cards to catalogue data. This combined organization changed its name in 1920, nine years after the union. Its new name was the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation. At the present time, IBM is a principal in the computer business with a status for pioneering products (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). IBM has a past for computer modernization. Its development started from 1944, when its initial electronic computer, the large size Mark 1, carried out extensive calculations automatically (even though it was more leisurely than at present’s pocket calculators). IBM developed the earliest computer disk storage system FORTRAN in the 1957 (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). It was technical programming language. In 19964, the IBM was the initial corporation offering IBM system/360 which was the first family of computers with exchangeable software and peripherals (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). In 1969, IBM started selling parts of a computer (i.e. hardware, software, and services), they were selling each part independently and giving opportunities to the software and services organizations (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). In 1981, the IBM personal computers changed the thoughts of computer industry by producing 16 KB of memory, they also offered a floppy disk drive as well as an optional color monitor, however its price was too high (approximately 1565 USD) (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). In 1992, IBM brought new idea in the development of computers; they developed ThinkPad notebook computer which merged two creative input devices: a butterfly like keyboard and a pointing stick positioned connecting the keys (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). The ThinkPad received over 300 awards for its innovative design. In 2005, they completed Blue Gene/L supercomputer for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, that machine is six times quicker than present’s fastest computers (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). In a survey of the World’s 100 most commanding supercomputers, there were 55 of IBM’s products top the list in computing power with a sum of 188 teraflops (trillions of computations in a second) of power (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 752). The personal computer and term “"PC" was established by IBM and its popularity is established through IBM (Bellis). Globalization and IBM Since the internet repeatedly gets rid of geographic limitations, the idea of carrying out business inside a sole country is providing means to corporations spotlighting on competing in a global market. IBM helps us to hold up a worldwide on demand company, allowing us to arrive at a broad variety of clients in their business, language, rules as well as intellectual preferences (IBM-3). IBM has basically competencies in each part of IT as well as function globalization, allowing us to present original, end-to-end turnkey resolutions. IBM is a challenging global organization offering its services in more than 160 nations and in approximately 50 languages. Its way of offering services has polished its capabilities offering globalization services to challenging consumers (IBM-2). IBM Globalization software services A new trend established regarding the availability of the Software Services under the IBM Globalization concept. IBM Globalization Software Services program is carrying out Worldwide by means of panels of specialists leveraging more than 2 decades of worldwide knowledge to hold up clientele stirring in the direction of global growth. Making IBM global, as well as offering its services successfully have a lot of challenges (IBM-4): Making certain that commerce software system will operational in those nations Accepting the dissimilar cultural and linguistic outlooks in those nations. Containing a policy in put to make certain that the entire novel applications will operational internationally. Interpreting their software systems, marketing materials, web sites, user credentials, as well as legal credentials into the essential languages. Containing a judgment making procedure to establish goods features as well as languages for transformation. Containing the previous knowledge by means of a global commerce IBM has basic competencies in each portion of IT as well as submission globalization, facilitating us to present pioneering, end-to-end turnkey resolutions (IBM-4). Software Services program for IBM Globalization agenda, specialists are professionals who are able to offer best carry out in globalization plan as well as structural design, plan and principles, scientific support, preparation, and operation. IBM is enduring to adapt services to most excellent outfit a customers information of the worldwide market, their scientific proficiency and their requirements; giving the focus or end-to-end explanations of their needs (IBM-4). IBM Globalization and Jobs Migration The idea of the IBM Globalization migrate the technical jobs to its technology centers. Throughout the world the technical knowledge is shifting to the worldwide IBM technology centers. This course of action is giving opportunity to fresh graduates and skilled people to come out and demonstrate their expertise. The IBM Globalization Team structure describes as well as maintains globalization policy and necessities for IBM as a worldwide business person, as well for the goods it generates for markets (IBM-4). The growth of marketplace, the inter-reliance of global financial systems, worldwide processes, migration, workers mobility international, a worldwide market- the commerce globe is altering quicker as well as additional randomly than ever previous to. To wait spirited, commerce have need of shifting by means of IT to increase the pace, suppleness as well as flexibility to hold whatever the marketplace does subsequently on a worldwide basis (IBM-4). At IBM, ecommerce or e-business on demand is additional than immediately a dream for the prospect. Its an expedition they are enchanting, as well as it has previously acquiesced huge settlement in the 10 years as they started organization change. At the present time, IBM is more powerful and stronger than past: ground-breaking, gainful and extremely spirited. Also globalization has been a means constituent to that commerce alteration. It forces the technique IBM arrangements by means of strategy, technology, business culture, business practices, languages as well as multiculturalism (IBM-4). Like a worldwide corporation, IBM is dedicated to go after confined laws and society of the nations in which they function. Clients require services and products that hold up their cultural and languages gatherings nowadays. Clients and workers self-service functions on the Web require being conventional to restricted rules as well as civilization. IBM clients also require to converse with their personal clients, associates and dealers in racially suitable methods in the nations in which they function (IBM-4). IBM Globalization and Outsourcing Earlier or later on, every software development organization asks a simple question: “Is there any way that we can acquire the software and systems we require at a slighter expenditure?” The answer to this query is not straightforward, and the moving conversations or debates that take place in response to this question always direct to a single word: outsourcing (Pressman). With the passage of time, the fashion of outsourcing is rising in the fields of information technology. And organizations are gaining competitive advantages and saving their resources by outsourcing their needs. The responsibilities of the management increase when they decide for outsourcing (Outsourcing?, 2009). According to (Laudon & Laudon, 2007), if an organization does not make use of its in-house resources to put together or manage projects, it can sign up contract with an outside organization that specializes in offering these facilities or services to carry out the tasks. The course of action of turning over an organization’s operations, telecommunications networks, or applications development to outside vendors is known as outsourcing (Laudon & Laudon, 2007). In idea, outsourcing is extremely uncomplicated. Management operations of software development activities are contracted to a third party who carries out the activities at lower cost and, optimistically superior quality. In this way software development activities carried out inside an organization are reduced to a contract management activity. The selection to outsource can be either strategic or tactical. At the strategic level, management of an organization thinks about whether a greater part of all the business activities can be contracted to others. At the tactical level, an organization’s management examines whether the entire project can be best accomplished by subcontracting the software work (Pressman, 2001). IBM is attempted to enlarge its competitive recompenses as the industrial revolution (IBM-5). Though, in the fifties and sixties variation and financial systems of scale turned out to be the novel movement, and in the 70’s and 80’s those corporations who required to fight universally, were handicapped for the reason that of the problematic organization arrangements that had appeared into place (Guide, 2009). Major impacts of outsourcing to the United State’s corporations/companies like IBM specifically for the company’s costs and expenses and financial benefits (IBM-5). As 2000, IBM has been presenting a policy of generating software that permits multilingual working out as well as offers multicultural hold up devoid of the requirement for localization and internationalization. Through in compliance to values like that Unicode as well as utilizing open source expertise like global mechanism for Unicode and the ordinary environment information warehouse or CLDR it is probable to generate a particular software explanation that offers a racially suitable knowledge for clients worldwide. In adding up to given that multicultural hold up IBM software is as well adaptable permitting the client interface to be interpreted addicted to the languages that are the majority practical to IBM clients (IBM-5). Globalization negative impacts The development of globalization also produced some of the negative impacts on the global business, jobs availability, and working structure. Globalization has been one of the majority passionately discussed themes in global finances over the pervious some years. Rapid enlargement as well as poverty reduction in India, China as well as other nations that were deprived 20 years before, has been a optimistic feature of globalization. On the other hand globalization has as well produced major global resistance over worry that it has augmented disparity as well as ecological degradation. In the Midwestern US, globalization has consumed away at its spirited border in business as well as farming, minimizing the excellence of life in areas that have not modified to the transform (Bhagwati). Here we have following negative impacts: The shift to outsourcing Weak labor unions Poorer countries suffering disadvantages Augment exploitation of child labor Exploitation of foreign impoverished workers Economic clashes of interest Sweatshops Conclusion In this research I have presented a detailed analysis of the trends of the globalization, job migration, global outsourcing, and organizational transformation. In this research I have outlined the idea of the globalization and its potential effects. I have also discussed about the IBM business and its working structure and history. This research has discussed about the concepts of globalization, job transfer, outsourcing and other areas with respects to IBM. In this research I have also presented the potential negative impacts of the globalization. This paper will provide a deep insight in to the overall concept of the globalization. Work Cited Bellis, Mary. "Inventors of the Modern Computer." 2009. 26 08 2009 . Bhagwati, Jagdish. "In Defense of Globalization. Oxford, New York: ." 2004. Oxford University Press. Ellis-Christensen, Tricia. "What is Globalization." 2009. WiseGeek.com. 24 August 2009 . Globalization101. "What Is globalization? ." 2009. 26 08 2009 . Globalpolicy. "Globalization." 2009. 26 08 2009 . IBM-1. "Research history highlights." 2009. 26 08 2009 . IBM-2. "Globalize your On Demand Business." 2009. 26 08 2009 . IBM-3. "Globalize your On Demand Business." 2009. 26 08 2009 . IBM-4. "Globalize your On Demand Business." 2009. IBM Globalization software services. 26 08 2009 . IBM-5. "Globalize your On Demand Business." 2009. IBM Software Globalization. 26 08 2009 . Laudon, Kenneth. C. and Jane. P. Laudon. Management Information Systems, 8th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall , 2007. Pressman, Roger S. Software Engineering: A Practicioners Approach, 5th Edition. London: McGraw Hill, 2001. Scheuerman, William. "Globalization." 2006. 26 08 2009 . Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat. Discovering Computers 2005. Boston: Thomson Course Technology, 2005. SolarNavigator. "International Business Machines Corporation." 2006. SolarNavigator. 24 August 2009 . Wikipedia. "History of IBM." 2009. 26 08 2009 . Youthink. "What Is It?" 2009. The growing integration of economies and societies around the world. 26 08 2009 . Read More