Biology Essays

This is a unique and critical structure that contains the necessary biological institutions to make every living thing unique and related in some way.  The instruction career differentiates between two living beings in the same family by making every one unique form each other though related to members of the same family.

The body’s stem cells actively and continually manufacture red blood cells. Each red cell contains an estimated 270 million iron-containing hemoglobin type protein molecules. Each hemoglobin molecule binds with four molecules of oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin which transports the oxygen to all the tissues of the body.

This is followed by incubating the cells for at least ten minutes on ice. The above procedure is appropriate for this experiment since the E.coli  provides a host into which the foreign DNA can be inserted, means of delivering the DNA into the host cells, and way of identifying and selecting the transformed cells.

The change of color is attributed to the change of population within the coastal region or dinoflagellates. Red tide is blamed for mass killings of fish and the health impacts on the population in southwest Florida. The blooms along southwest Florida are believed to have become worst because it frequently occurs. 

The article provides a background, which precedes its main body that provides explanations of how mutations occur. Mutation and polymorphism are two terminologies that are often used by biologists and appear to share a similar meaning but are slightly differentiated.

In our current society, pets, especially dogs have become standard companions for humans. In general, dogs are not only great pets but, they are involved in social community service. For example; dogs work hand in hand with the police in scenarios like drugs and weapon detection and rescue operations.

The kidney filters the blood and helps in the elimination of the waste materials from the body. The urinary system consists made up of the kidney, uterus, urinary bladder, and the urethra. Ureters are tubules that transport the urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. They have smooth muscles that aid in the transportation of the urine.

The history of biology underwent an alteration a decade ago based on the bold decision to launch a program embedded in research. It characterized a complete genetic set of instructions that regards human beings. The ideology to study the genome captured the imagination of the public due to the manner in which America addressed cancer and AIDS as opposed to its expeditions.

Digestion starts with the processing of food mechanically in the mouth. Food is crushed and grounded by teeth, the process is called mastication. This increases the surface area that makes it easier for enzymes to break it down further.  Enzymes from the saliva also help to soften the food and break down carbohydrates molecules.

Cancer is curable in the present epoch if it is diagnosed in the early stages. The article deals with the genetic aspects, the risk factors associated with cancer along with the symptoms diagnosis and management of breast cancer. It is necessary to avoid direct exposure to the carcinogens as they may trigger the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. 

The negative effects of opium poppy include terrorism, wars, international politics, crime, addiction and dependence, health problems, and negative economic issues, and the positive effects include the manufacture of drugs and for homeopathy. In the present day, the cultivation of opium poppy takes place in many countries worldwide.

One of the characteristic symptoms of sickle cell anemia is pain. Sickle cell anemia is found mainly in people belonging to malaria-endemic regions for e.g. Africa. A definitive cure for this debilitating illness is yet to be found and so the treatment given to the patients is still largely symptomatic and supportive.

One of the most well-known and controversial uses of information from genetics and molecular biology is recombinant DNA technology. It is the process in which identified DNA sequences or amplicons are inserted into vectors, mostly circular DNA from bacteria, and are transported or inserted into host cells such as bacterial cells. 

In most FPLC systems, there are two solvents/ buffers (A, B). There is also a resin that is chosen so that the protein of interest will bind to it by a charge interaction. When the sample and mix of buffer (100% A) and protein are introduced, the protein will bind to the resin first leaving the aqueous state in solvent A. 

Research conducted by UK scientists on seven patients showed that lung cancer can stay in a silent form for more than 20 years. They investigated smokers, nonsmokers, and ex-smokers. After the first genetic disorder in the lung tissue, the disease can be undetected till a new genetic disorder can provoke rapid growth of cancerous cells.

Traditional biotechnology generally refers to the practices that have been there since the beginning of historical records. Modern biotechnology on the other hand encompasses more recent employment of the knowledge amassed from molecular biology into the art of biotechnology. These include such things as recombinant DNA or genetic engineering. 

As a trans-activator, it plays a role in cell cycle regulation whereby it functions by negatively regulating cell division by controlling the required genes associated with cell division. Cyclin-dependent kinases as an inhibitor are known to be one of the activated genes.

To ensure sustainability in the healthcare sector, governmental and non-governmental organizations have often come up with strategic programs aimed at disease identification and control. Through such programs, analyses of the causative agents of various infections, and their probable vectors can be determined.

Chlamydiae species are intracellular bacteria that affect a wide variety of hosts mainly mammals and birds. Chlamydia pneumonia infects humans but belonging to the chlamydia species, it has similar morphology and common development cycle. Chlamydia pneumonia is structured in two types the infectious, non replicating elementary body (EB) and the noninfectious actively replicating reticulate body (RB).

Prostate cancer refers to a form of cancer that develops in the prostate. A large number of prostate cancers develop at a slow pace, although some can develop at a relatively rapid pace. Cancer cells at times spread to various body parts, especially lymph nodes and bones after developing in the prostate. Initially, prostate cancer indicates no symptoms.

For the purposes of this proposal, this system will be demonstrated effective to foster an environment to grow the E. Coioides species of grouper to between 700 and 800 grams. The steps that are required for this process to work within the desert climate of Saudi Arabia include the removal of solid, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and the impending process of oxygenation. 

Many bacterial species have the capacity to grow under different environmental conditions. Microbiocidal refers to the capacity of the compound to kill the microbes completely while microbiostatic compounds disrupt the growth of microbes. However, if there is no growth from the sub-culture, then the original treatment resulted in killing all bacterial cells and was therefore microbiocidal in effect.

It infers that the puncture in barrier functions of the stomach, i.e. mucous coating begins the formation of gastric or duodenal ulcers. Consideration of acid, pepsin, food, stress or worrying as the potential cause backside ulcer is proving impertinent. A stomach ulcer is principally caused by H. pylori bacteria.

Facts and discussion presented in this paper are meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that “with the agricultural and industrial revolution, land-use change, and an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, the issue of global warming has regardless strengthened and acts like recycling, energy conservation, and tree plantation can help reduce this.

Although food obtained from cloned animals is quite safe to eat, it has been noticed that cloned animals get sick more often compared to animals that are born naturally. When they get sicker they are likely to receive antibiotics that will appear in the food. These abnormalities raise concern that whether cloning technology should be used for food production or not. 

In light of the statistical data brought forward by the various health organizations, it can be ascribed the importance to the fact that the sociological, geographical and social factors play a great role in the large number of deaths caused globally by cancer per year and long-lasting efforts need to be made in order to prevent, manage and cure cancer patients.

Meiosis also known as reduction division is a type of cell division where the cells divide to produce cells containing half the number of chromosomes. This type of cell division constitutes a very important part of sexual reproduction and all eukaryotes reproducing sexually have meiosis as a part of cell division. However, the prokaryotes i.e. the bacteria do not reproduce by meiosis.

During the experiment, it was seen that the latency of the response was dependent on the strength of the stimulus, and not on the duration by which the membrane is exposed to the stimulus. However, in contrast to latency, the strength of the action potential was not modified by either strength or duration of the stimulus.

By examining these fossils closely, it has been discovered that the greater the age of the fossil, the more is it different from the living beings found today. More recent is a fossil, more is the resemblance to present-day plants or animals. This is perhaps the strongest evidence of evolution.

The use of Animal experimentation in its entirety is wrong, with the present availability of alternative methods on conducting product research and research for the development of more advanced drugs that does not involve mass murdering and suffering of animals. National government authorities should be more proactive in fighting for the moral status and the rights of animals.

The Ampicillin resistance gene is a selectable marker. A selectable marker gene is to provide the host containing the plasmid a certain property that is not inherently present in the host. For example, the Ampr gene codes for a protein that makes cells containing this gene resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. 

These materials include essentials mineral salts that are actively required for different functions in the cell and waste products for excretion. The lipid bilayer is made up of a thin polar membrane that is also made up of two thin piles of lipid molecules. The lipid layer is the boundary that keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules in relative position to each other.

This paper investigates how chiropractic is related to biology. The evidence from the research reveals that the two fields are closely related, with chiropractic being rooted in biology which deals with the science of living things. This includes the organization of the human body, the systems particularly the nervous system which extends to all the parts of the body, and to human physiology.

Animals, just like humans, mourn or grieve at the death of their loved ones, though, the ways they do it may differ. Nonetheless, some of them share grieving techniques with people: for instance, both chimpanzees and humans cry while mourning the death of their species. For animals, the death of their individual is equal to the loss of a non-judgmental love in the family. 

They are involved in various functions that bring about time limitations. Such personalities have a tendency to speed up psychological and actual tasks with extraordinary psychological and actual performance. These features make for super-achievers and high-powered people. 

This paper highlights Alcaligenes faecalis, and investigated its taxonomy, morphology, characteristics, functions and treatments for infection. Alcaligenes faecalis is commonly found in soil, water and wastewater treatment plants; hence the bacteria enriched by the denitrification process of activated sludge.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as other techniques such as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), is an effective tool used for the identification and characterization of particulate contamination and foreign body contamination of food. The identification of foreign bodies needs to be rapid and efficient in order to trace the source of contamination.

The main characteristic of the cell membrane that allows for osmosis to occur is that the cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that it only allows water molecules to pass through and not the molecules of any other substance. This leads to the term semi-permeable membrane when the cell membrane is being referred to in biological terms.

The term allelopathy is used to refer to chemical inhibition of one species by another species. The inhibitory chemical is often released to the environment causing a negative effect on the growth and development of the neighboring plants. The allelopathic chemicals can be found in parts of the plants.

Cloning marking methods, or the methods used for obtaining adult stem cells, have also evolved. In the process of isolating adult stem cells for cloning and therapy, one should identify short-lived transient clones from long-lived stem cell clones. As animals age and as stem cell function declines with age. 

Microorganisms being a very microscopic organisms, they have an important role to play in the biosphere. Their natural endowment, which includes their size and where they occur, suits them perfectly to fit in the important roles which are discussed in the next section. Their sensitivity to different changes that occur within their environs has been very beneficial to some of the uses of these microorganisms.

In experiment B conducted with glucose, it is seen that the lag phase took about five minutes, after which the fermentation process increased for the next 30 minutes. Glucose is a monosaccharide that is easily utilized by yeast in the fermentation process. Unlike other complex sugars, glucose readily begins glycolysis.

The water in the lake strongly affects plant life and ecology in general that occurs in the area. What was most notable about the ecology was the different types of plants that would occur in different parts of the lake on the sides of the walls, due to the salinity level in that part of the lake. Where freshwater flowed in, different vegetation would occur than in another part of the lake. 

The term allelopathy is used to refer to chemical inhibition of one species by another species. The inhibitory chemical is often released to the environment causing a negative effect on the growth and development of the neighboring plants. The allelopathic chemicals can be found in parts of the plants. The parts are flowers, leaves, stems or fruits.

The purpose of the work is to find out, whether bacteria are really harmful and beneficial at the same time. Modern investigations testify that our organism is, unfortunately, is far from ideal in terms of defending diseases. Many studies proved that our organism represents a kind of ecosystem full of bacteria, which live first of all in our intestines. 

The head is said to be polar while the tail is non-polar. The characteristic is essential in the function of the cell membrane (NCBI 1). The character helps the lipid to show selective permeability. Moreover, the head is exposed to outside while the tail is sandwiched inside the membrane. On the other hand, the molecules are able to move laterally in the membrane.

Several different concentrations were assayed to determine the effect of enzyme concentration after which dilutions of 1x, 2x, 4x, 6x, 8x, 10x, and 20x were prepared in spectrophotometer tubes and 1 ml 40mM guaiacol added before mixing the content immediately.

The growth of molds is mainly supported by the presence of water or moisture. Molds could have adverse effects on humans and animals hence the need for care to prevent their growth, and adopt appropriate eradication approaches when they grow. The worst bit is that it has adverse health effects on anyone who comes into contact with it. 

It is clear that various forms of cancer have affected humans in several ways. Some cancers affect all ages as well as gender. However, prostate cancer has shown to increase virulence depending on age. In fact, it is most common for individuals above the age of 45 to be affected. Moreover, the chances of recovery from treatment reduce with age.

This plant usually forms long patches, which help fishermen in eliminating predators to fish successfully. According to Durham (2013), this plant forms small patches, especially in undersea. These small-scale patches measured a few millimeters.