Biology Essays

DISTRIBUTION: The species can be found throughout the Atlantic northwest and central, ranging from Chesapeake Bay south towards Florida, to Campeche within the Gulf of Mexico area (Snelson 729). Populations of Atlantic stingrays are found in the St. Johns River system in Florida, where they are extensively studied since the 1980’s.

The cell membrane is mainly composed of the lipid layer embedded with proteins and it’s involved in the following cellular processes: Signaling of the cell, Adhesion of the cell and conductivity of the ions in the cell and it forms the external attachment of cells interior to the extracellular structures.

University of Michigan (The Tropical Rainforest) further argues that Conservation of rainforests contributes to a wealth of resources for survival and well-being of human kind. Tropical rain forests ecosystems are forests in the tropics that receive 4-8 meters of rain each year (Newman, the Tropical Rainforest).

The saccade is the word use to refer to the fast eye movement. The eye being on organ in animals can be referred to as a device the same as in a machine that is very useful with the issue of providing sight to the animal as per that matter.

The article starts out with an elucidation of the human brain as a forest that continually grows. The scientific breakthrough of replacing damaged brain cells through stem cells that will eventually become new neurons paved the way for new research toward the promising cure to neurons damaged by traumatic brain injury, stoke and neurodegenerative diseases.

The research has shown that the Metallic Ions like the Mercury ions and Lead Ions do take part in some reactions resulting in the inhibition of trypsin; in order for this test to take place, it was very relevant to do an inclusion of the test such as Mann Whitney U-test to ascertain the above claims.

2. Please type throughout. Print one copy, sign, and send original plus 3 double sided photocopies to YCR, 39 East Parade, Harrogate HG1 5LQ. 3. Email a copy to science@ycr.org.uk – remember to save the form with a meaningful filename. 4. Before completing this form please read the specific Awards Information, Award Conditions and Policies for Awards.

Starting in 1891, however, he came to use this method for the purpose of developing drugs which would be used for the elimination of some of the bacteria which he had identified as having been the cause of many of the diseases that existed at that time. Though his early studies of antitoxins, his work developed further into a serious examination of the diverse number of chemicals which were available to him for the purpose of identifying those which could be used to fight such bacterial species as treponemapallidum, which was the main agent that was responsible for the development of syphilis (Raju 662).

Ataxia telangiectasia is a multi-organ system autosomal recessive condition characterized in part by disorders of the adaptive immune system. It is an autosomal recessive disorder effecting either the innate or adaptive immune systems leaving the organism vulnerable to opportunistic infections.

Viruses are one of the microbes that have caused severe harm to human life and health. Out of the whole pool of viruses, is the hepatitis C virus that has infected around 3% of the global population. The question of finding an HCV homolog in other animals is essential to probe deeper into its phylogenetic linkage in nature.

The online free dictionary defines anatomy as the bodily structure of a plant or animal. Physiology deals with the functioning of living organisms and their parts at a physical and chemical level. The interplay between the female reproductive organs and hormones is important in understanding menstruation (Ferin, Jewelewicz, and Warren 3).

Sertoli tumor also appears in the ovary and can lead to hormonal imbalance in the body of the patient.This process is called defaminization and a female patient can display masculinity. The sertoli tumor excrete excess testosterones in the female patient’s body and give them masculine features

Even though, the morality of destroying embryos for saving the life of others is questionable, many people are of the view that stem cell researches should be continued in order to save the human kind from some of the acute physical diseases.

It is currently considered protected land maintained as a wildlife refuge. Prospectors consider it also an area rich in oil with thousands of barrels of oil as potential yield from this region. These prospectors believe that such yield would serve as a major source for domestic oil for the US.

Through the course of this discourse, the first and second laws of genetics, as established by Gregor Mendel, will be examined using the Brassice rapa as the instrument of experimentation. Using the scientific method, an experiment will be conducted to determine the answer to the research question: What is the inheritance pattern of the purple stem trait?

It is a great pleasure to be able to complete this dissertation with the best possible means and under the best possible supervision. The assistance, help and guidance of many people went into bringing my attempts to fruition. I heartily thank my supervisor Dr.

INTRODUCTION Recent advancements in molecular biology have led to purification and characterization of proteins. This type of study is important, especially when molecular defects, such as lack of enzymes, or overproduction thereof, are associated with diseases that have seemed incurable in the past.

Cancer is a disease wherein the body’s own cells undergo uncontrolled multiplication and growth that leads to very unhealthy states leading to death. Cancer cells possess four characteristic properties which distinguish them from normal cells which are uncontrolled proliferation (growth), altered differentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis.

Thirteen of the patients had a dominant right hand (81.3%), while the remaining three had a dominant left hand (18.7%). The time it took for patients to have an exam following their injury varied widely, from four to 156 weeks, with the average being 32.9 weeks.

Using Gene Therapy as a Treatment for Cancer - Developments and Future Prospects This paper explores the scope of gene therapy for cancer treatment in the context of current developments and future prospects. Cancer is the second potential cause of death in Western countries.

He also provides insight to the reader through personal stories from health officials and the general American public. He narrates experiences of people from Alejandro, of an illegal alien from Ecuador, Abdul, and an Ethiopian native. These experiences substantiate the unpredictability of tuberculosis till today and the kind of stigma it surrounds.

Mother-child transmission of the virus is an area that receives much attention in research since breast milk is quite important for the health of babies but in this case, it is accompanied by the risk of passing the virus to the baby. Hence, considerable research efforts are placed in avenues of reducing the risk of this transmission.

The author observed that the disadvantages of using such materials are many including the use of toxic organic solvents, long fabrication periods, poor reproduction possibilities, poor connectivity of pores and thin structures, incomplete removal of residual particulates on the polymer matrix, limited control on shapes, irregularly shaped pores.

The paper will observe the prevalence of plots that had low intensity of both light and clover, in many of these plots no clover was present. These plots differed visually from other plots, as in these plots the soil was exposed and there was no vegetation of any species. In addition, there was animal faecal matter present.

Using a LRRK2 Drosophila Parkinson's disease model to investigate sleep disorder/dysfunction (non motor symptoms) of PD" Aim Elaborating a research proposal encompassing investigation of sleep patterns (specific non motor symptom) pertaining to the dopamine (and serotonin) neuron function in a Parkinson's disease model.

The author suggests that a closely related and often confused term is herd effect. It is used to describe the proportion of immune individuals in a population or the specific threshold population of immune individuals that when once achieved in a population, leads to decline in the infection incidence.

The author states that diseases which can not often be treated by the antibiotics include but are not limited to gonorrhea, pneumonia, wound infections, septicemia, and tuberculosis. This can partly be attributed to the fact that microbes and bacteria which spread the infections are quite flexible.

The author states that it was Shibasburo Kitasato who first isolated C.tetani and established its association with tetanus. Kitasato discovered that C. tetani spores were much more heat resistant and he used this understanding to isolate the tetanus spores. He also observed that C. tetani can be grown only in the absence of oxygen.

The discipline of science dealing with microorganisms is named microbiology. In the present scenario, microbiology has emerged as one of the most applicable, pertinent, and exhilarating branches of the biological sciences. As the name suggests micro means very small, bio is living entities, logy is studied.

AIDS in the United States AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the most infectious disease the world has known in more than a 100 years. The human impact has been the most evident in Sub-Sahara Africa, AIDS region of origination, where at least 25 million persons are known to be infected.

GOUT Word Count 2766 INTRODUCTION Gout is a metabolic disorder classically represented as acute inflammatory monarthritis (Rott & Agudelo, 2003); that is known to be initiated by the crystallization of uric acid (UA) within the joints. Uric acid is the end product of metabolism of purine.

In modern time the extensive use of antibiotics in treatment of bacterial infections has led to some organisms developing resistance to some antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance can be defined as a form of drug resistance in which the targeted microorganisms can resist exposure to the same drug (Hawkey, 3) Spontaneous genetic mutation in bacteria may confer resistance to microbial drug.

The author states that the experiment includes the effect of adding magnesium chloride and sodium fluoride separately to two different fermentation mixtures. The process was carried out under controlled environment with the fermentation being carried out in a 42oc incubator and the volume of carbon dioxide evolved measured to the rate of fermentation.

It was also reported in some parts of Asia, described in China and mentioned in India. However, the disease has continued to affect human populations including the development of latest civilization. For example, the decline of Roman Empire coincides with the disease epidemic where “the plaque of Antonine” accounts for most of the deaths that occurred during the time.

Running head: Blindsight Blindsight [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name] Blindsight Introduction Occurrence of blindsight is rare and the case behind the problem being injury to the primary visual cortex. Primary visual cortex is in the brain and when it is damaged the person’s conscious visual awareness is affected (Weiskrantz, 1986).

The author thinks that a Biology teacher is also a sort of healthcare professional, who actually plays a very key role in the making of every kind of healthcare professional. In doing his research, he has utilized two resources from the Hodges University’s extensive databases.

These chemicals usually have negative side effects on individuals (B, 2011). They cause swellings on the lungs and muscles along the airways are usually tight. These can result in symptoms that resemble asthma. The drug is usually used to prevent attacks that are asthma-related in children who are as young as 12 months and adults.

A 27-year old white female presented at the walking clinic of her local physician on August 15. On physical exam, the patient had a fever of 38.5C. She appeared fatigued, had tender joints, and complained of a headache, a stiff neck and a backache. The physician noticed a circular "rash" about 5 inches in diameter, with a bright red leading edge and a dim center in the form of a "bull’s eye".

1 Discussion 1.1 Introduction Energy medicine, also known as energy healing is founded on the notion that it is possible for the healer to direct the rejuvenating energy into the patient through various processes like touching, applying pressure or even distant rejuvenation (where the healer is physically absent and located differently from his/her patient) (Daulby and Mathison, 1996, 89).

There are different methods that have been developed for DNA sequencing such as the Maxam-Gilbert method and Sanger method developed independently in 1977.  In the Maxam-Gilbert method (Gilbert and Maxam 560-561), the technique determines DNA sequence by terminally labeling the four dNTPs with chemical agents and digesting the DNA with chemicals.

Genetic inheritance is found to be associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is associated with the oxidative stress and thus antioxidants are found to play an important role in Metabolic Syndrome. There are four important antioxidant enzymes responsible for the maintenance of the reactive oxygen species.

At inflammatory site, the neutrophil, which are on the move get into contact with the invading microbes. The neutrophil sends an extension of its plasma membrane, enclose the microbe inside the cell into a phagosome, and then destroyed by the arsenal of enzymes and cytotoxic chemicals.

Genetic engineering is one of the most advanced technologies that is being used these days. It is a laborious process and requires extensive research. Genetic engineering is a process in which gene is taken from one organism and incorporated into other.

The tomato has an important set of biological traits that differentiate it from other fruits and vegetables, and also that determine its implications for humans. In addition, the tomato has undergone biological change due to human cultivation, just as many organisms due as a result of domestication.

Malaria is a tropical disease which is caused by Anopheles mosquito bite carrying Plasmodium parasite. Most effective measure to control the spread of Malaria is to destroy mosquitoes breeding sites by insecticidal sprays and the use of bed nets. DDT AND MALARIA ELIMINATION IN NIGERIA In this modern era, where Malaria and Poliomyelitis pose no major health concerns in any developed or developing country, Nigeria is still fighting the calamity.

PATHOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL DEGREE EXAM QUESTIONS PATHOLOGY PART Q1. Write a full description of the differences between Malignant and Benign neoplasm (you should have between 14-15 differences). In your essay you should draw up a table SIMILAR to the one below (Do not use the exact wording as the table below)

It may sometimes also contain traces of transition metal complexes (called organometallo) like nickel and vanadium (Lerner, 2011). The compositions of petroleum, and thus its physical and chemical properties, vary from place to place, and from area to area.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the blood group of four unknown samples both in terms of the Rh (D) and the ABO group. This was undertaken using grouping reagents that work to show the whether antigens for ABO or Rh (D) are present. Secondly, the study used antibody screening on two plasma samples to determine the presence of antibodies.

It is evidently clear from the discussion that birds are animals that evolved millions of years ago due to a number of factors in order to resemble the modern day birds. As more research is put forth on the origin and the evolution of birds, many results seems to be emanating day by day as new discoveries are made.

Evaluation of Mexican Diet 10-01-12 Evaluation of Mexican Diet Abstract: The report provides an in depth analysis on the fusion of Mayan, Aztec, Spanish and French culture which have shaped modern Mexican cuisine. The report throws light on the environmental factors which helped shape traditional Mexican diet and also provides information on the myriad of cultural influences which shaped modern Mexican cuisine.