Macro & Microeconomics Essays

In an oligopoly market, it has a high degree of market concentration and it indicates that a larger portion of the oligopoly market is owned by the leading gasoline firms of the particular country. Thus big gasoline business firms can be regarded as a market leader in the gasoline market industry with serving c to worldwide customers with a huge market share. Also, there can be seen some small number of gasoline suppliers in the market.

The purpose of the essay is to present brief economic analysis of theoretic postulates, that were developed by John Maynand Keynes. It also aims to discover macroeconomic effects of contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies, according to Keynesian model. A fiscal policy is a government activity that concerns taxation and public spending.

Long-term debt is a preferred way of financing investments because it does not dilute the ownership in the company. In the case of Bradford, acquiring long-term liability will leave the stockholders in the company the same portion of ownership. However, it should also be noted that liability is one of the costliest ways of financing investments. 

Central to X's arguments is the idea that US formulated tax laws are providing corporations opportunities to make enormous profits all the while pushing employees further into the quagmire of poverty and hopelessness.

This description on the term demonstrates three essential things: advanced communication technology has revolutionized the business world, globalization has opened wider doors for economic development and individual skills and creativity are the important tools for individuals, in order to compete in the new economy.

This subject gives necessary information about the concept of unemployment, level of income, trade and investment. Present macro economic policies in Australia are Fiscal and Monetary policies. Due to the implementation of this policy, the country has experienced consistent economic growth for over a decade.

Trade unions were and to this date are a basic means of communicating the needs of the lowest levels of labor to the top management, the formation of such a coalition gives strength to the usually weak populace of the factory world, it is based on the clichéd statement ‘united we stand, divided we fall’.

This paper will outline limitations of a common currency as illustrated by current European Union financial crisis. Discussion The euro is a common currency used by seventeen EU states members, which together form the euro zone. Similarly, the launching of the euro (common currency) in 1999 was a key move in the integration of European countries.

The system started to develop immediately after WWII when several countries wanted to go back to the old financial security system that existed before the war. This was the gold system. It was required that every country that took part in the international trade should have their money backed by reserves of gold and foreign currencies.

The world is headed for a difficult and chaotic set of economic and social circumstances; unmanageable surplus goods, disastrous overcapacity in the industrial sectors, unemployable labor resources, unserviceable debts, chronic massive unemployment and frantic and irrational stock speculation (Greider 227).

Smith is considered by economists worldwide as the “father of economics”. He wrote the most integrated and influential book “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” in 1776 (Smith, 1994). The book is considered as still the most quintessential writing on business and economic science.

The author accomplishes the extreme possibility of including the details of economists, their works, including the future prospects. The major characteristic of this book is that the author has not confined to findings done only in English language but also has included all renowned publications from all parts of the world

For instance, in analysing the issue of whether an increase in the minimum hourly wage causes unemployment, Baumol and Blinder (2009, p. 115) produced a model that we reflect in this work as Figure 1. Figure 1. Anticipated impact of an increase in hourly minimum wage Source: Baumol and Blinder 2009, p.

Several international economic experts, following Nouriel Roubini of NY University, echoed the idea that gold is in a bubble. However, since Roubini’s declaration in 2009, the gold price has risen 50 percent. On the other hand, Marc Feber debunks that idea by explaining that gold’s appreciation to $1,900 an ounce reveals that there is no bubble.   

This essay mainly focuses on identifying the effects of steadily growing demand for biofuel products on the state of a country economy, production level of crops and prosperity of individuals. Various microeconomics models and concepts, regarding issues raised by biofuel, had been used in the process of analysis.

The author argues about the effects of real-world transaction costs and states that they are rarely low enough to consent to efficient bargaining and so this theorem is almost inappropriate in economic reality. The Coarse’s theory is viewed as an essential basis for the analyses of most modern economic cases including government regulations.

This paper deals with understanding the nature of perfectly competitive markets. Perfect competition means pure competition in a perfect market. A full market competition is an idealized form. In perfectly competitive markets, short-run profits are possible. However after the entry and exit of firms, a situation of long-run equilibrium results in zero profits.

Week I Individual Assignment It is imperative for companies to have clean accounting records due to the fact that stakeholders expect financial statements that are free of fraud and material error. At first glance it is apparent that your organization has an accounting system that is out of control.

According to the research findings the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee decision to maintain the interest rate at an extremely low figure of 0.5% is unjustified given that the primary function of interest rates, based on the Bank of England’s inflation-targeting policy framework for interest rates, is to meet inflation rather than output targets.

The USA-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed making it the first FTA to be signed between the United States of America and an Arab nation. Chomo (2006) found that the Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZs) which were established in 1996 allowed manufactured products from Israel, Egypt, and Jordan to enter the U.S. duty-free.

Nevertheless, market definition is important because it enables the researchers / decision – makers in estimating the probability of certain risk factors followed by evaluation of competition restraints for a business entity in the market. It is justified to argue that the better we define the market, the easier it becomes in calculating risks involved and scope of competitive forces.

To estimate the duration of each activity, a list of all activities, duration estimating databases and other historical reference data which may be commercially available, a project calendar from organization process assets, constraints, and assumptions from the project scope statement that may impact the amount and duration of work.

After the formulation of United Nations in 1945 the term Non Governmental Organization came into existence.These organizations have many roles which include promoting rights of a specific faction of society,promoting basic services like education and health,fighting laws and rules that are against poor or a particular group and helping government fighting diseases

Education, skills and training are factors of human capital, but education should come first. Why, because education facilitates learning of the new skills and training for work that ends up with productivity and efficiency in using limited resources of the company.

According to the report the government had adopted a policy which was based on a severe cut in public spending so as to ensure a “dent in the demand.” Such policies have led to changes in National Insurance and income tax whereby the axe fell on the middle and high income earning people and proved to be beneficial for the poor workers.

The company will be launching a consulting service that works with executive leadership to build more marketing prowess and increase management competency. Increasing revenues and profit maximization The Internet represents tremendous opportunities to highlight a company’s brand, with growth in mobile usage and broadband subscribership.

Macroeconomic factors such as Gross Domestic Product, trade deficits, exchange rates, and interest rates strongly impact a nation’s overall economy as well as the bottom line of private organizations through the costs and availability of finance, products, and services. All these macroeconomic factors involve the economy as a whole. 

The economic analysis measures the short term to medium term determinants of price expansions. The focal point is on financial situations and actual activity in the economy. “The RDA’s latest projections, based on HM Treasury national forecasts, suggest that the region’s economy would continue to grow faster than the UK average” (Bradshaw et al.

Constant returns to scale refer to the phenomenon in which a proportionate output is brought about by the same proportionate increase in resources. For example, when a 20% increase in vehicles results from a 20% increase in investment in manufacturing types of equipment, then the firm could be experiencing constant returns to scale.

The article also entices the article readers to buy car brands that are in high demand. For example, the article states that the demand for there is an increase in the demand for BMW cars within the European Union car market segment. In addition, the demand for tried and tested Mercedes –Benz is also increasing.

in 2007 – 2009, the natural rate of unemployment in this nation was considered to be around 5 percent by most economists. Now this rate has been hiked up to 6 percent. But the official unemployment rate is 8.1 percent. The article tries to find out the reasons behind such a high unemployment in this nation.

From the information collected on globalisation, including the advantages and disadvantages, we can state here that globalisation is a significant contribution to the world economy and an important part of contemporary world history. But the consequences have to be carefully weighed down and qualified.

Of course, these assets are convertible into tangible capital at a future date commonly determined by the holder. Investment advisors undergo hard and tiresome times when trying to provide a risk or return profile with a correlation of these assets in an attempt to come up with effective investment portfolios for their clientele (Rittenberg & Tregarthen, 2009).

There will be an increase in supply, when the cost of a commodity decreases it ultimately gives rise to more supply. As a result, the particular firm will sell the product with more than the market price hence generating more profits as compared to the average market. While on the other hand, the whole industry faces a shift of the supply curve towards the right side.

Houston real estate market has been experiencing drastic shift due to higher demand for residential houses. This in turn has led to an increase in prices of residential houses because there were few suppliers while demand was substantially high. For instance, it was reported that real estate owners received numerous bids from potential buyers prior completion of a house (Bivins, paras1-4).

Unconventional monetary policy refers to economic tools employed by Federal reserves in a situation where discount rates and other interest rates cannot be reduced further in order to stimulate economic growth (Glick and Leduc, paras1-4). Among unconventional policy, tools include; purchasing a large number of assets with an aim of reducing interest rates.

In most countries around the world, however, there is a not so secret underground economy that bypasses most government regulations, potentially causing great economic harm to the country. Such aspects of the underground, or shadow, economy include workers getting paid in cash and goods and services being bartered without proper documentation.

While the Republicans prepare to send the bill to the Senate with the hope that it will be passed many, however, believe that a shutdown is most likely. In such a case several thousands of federal workers will work without paychecks and the nonessential workers are likely to face a furlough.

The body of scholarly literature has so far supported the position that the quality of the teacher is critical to educational outcomes. This is particularly pronounced in children's education. The fundamental proposition is that efficacy in teaching inevitably leads to student achievement or that the quality of teachers contributes to improved learning.

One of the notable social issues that are affecting the economic development of any country is poverty.  In their efforts to mitigate economic obstacles such as unemployment and low demand of products and poor quality of education, developing countries are faced with a high level of poverty. Poverty, a state that is defined as a lack of a certain amount of vital materials or money, is categorized into absolute and relative poverty.

This involved investing in a number of assets from the top performing stocks in the market: SOHU.COM Inc, Packaging Corp of America, Intel Corporation, Yahoo Corporation, Cambrex Corp. Diversifying the investment was a strategy towards ensuring that I reduce the risk of investing in one stock which its failure in the market may have impacted my profitability.

The author states that another characteristic showing that the smartphones fall into the monopolistic competition category is the use of brand name by each company to name the product. According to the author, monopolistic competition is favoured by the strict laws governing the brand names of the products.

Nevertheless, there is also cause to consider a structural move may be beneath way that will lead in a more unbiased picture linking the two economies (Kynge, 2006). It is gradually more apparent that money movements and diverse rates of price increases and wage escalation are operating to slowly rebalance trade linking the China and the U.

The financial crisis is believed to have been accelerated by the collapse American Housing market in 2006 and 2007, which had a profound effect on the United States and banking systems (Gowland 12). The collapse of the housing market had a widespread effect on performance of the banking systems because most of the large financial institutions had heavily invested in mortgages.

This essay primarily focuses on the identification of the effects of the FIFA 2014 world cup on Brazil economy. FIFA 2014 World Cup greatly helped Brazil in its development strategies as well as in the creation of market for its products. Despite the high costs of organization, Brazil benefited from the event and offseted the expenditure.

Managerial economics is based on the assumption that formulation of logical managerial decision is possible. Managers are enabled to make rational decisions, their decisions become imperative component of organization success. Concepts of the game theory and behavioral theory, that facilitate process of decision-making is considered in the paper.

It is these market structures which determine the behavior of the firm in that industry. Perfect competition is on one extreme of the spectrum. Although it may not exist in our world today it plays an important role as a model to study when analyzing levels of competition.

In order to measure the export and import activity of each country, economists apply the Balance of Payments (BOP). The goal of this paper is to give a brief understanding of what is the balance of payments and balance of payments deficit and to analyze what are the consequences of reducing a balance of payments deficit.

a) Fig. 1: Demand and Supply curves 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. a) Demand and supply are equal at the points when equilibrium quantity is Q=200 units. It is also at this point when equilibrium price is also equal to P=200. This is as shown in the graph above.

What caused the current economic crisis? The whole world was taken aback as the slow and destructive financial turmoil unfolded in various parts of the world in late 2007. The credit crunch initiated a long chain of inter-connected events that threatened the existence of financial markets all around the globe.