Philosophy Essays

The two accounts of faith are not interrelated to one another. The reconciliation of the knight of Faith with his fate of not getting the princess ever is surpassed by a belief in the absurd, i.e., an amorphous, formless, and intangible feeling based on the fact that through the power of God everything is possible.

In particular, the moral theories come into question when they involve decisions pertaining to the right of ending one’s life. In the contemporary society, much debate has been centred on the moral precincts of ‘Suicide Tourism.’ To this end, suicide tourism refers to a type of tourism in which the tourists’ willingly travel to countries that tolerate euthanasia in order to end their lives.

Most feminists share the same opinion that in western culture gender is a very important aspect determining social norms, laws, human relationships, and individual behaviour. The second-wave of feminism examined how male-centred, male-dominated societies marginalised and disenfranchised women, both to identify and abolish gender inequalities (Lederman & Bartsch, 2001).

This is possibly because the legal framework during the time of Plato was not a complete system (Rousseau 23). It is for this point that modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes found loopholes in Plato’s account of the theory. Thomas gave the theory a different interpretation and explained the concept from the viewpoint of a world without rules and regulations.

The author states that in order to understand the potential effects of commodification on democracy, it would be necessary to describe, even in general, the concept of commodification as related to the political and social life. Commodification sets barriers to the communication between the state and the citizens.

Nevertheless, there are certain common acts which are forbidden in the public laws of various societies. These acts are called index crimes. FBI considers index crimes are criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

For instance, the workers in the organization must follow the rules and regulations that are enforced by the leaders. Authority helps to create order and prevent situations of anarchy. In the context of decision making, there must also be clear order and hierarchy of decision making.

Kant made a significant impact on the school of enlightenment by insisting on the primacy of reason above mythology in the assessment of morality. His postulations on morality could be considered as a sum of his rejection of the traditional order that had elevated tradition, custom, and dogma some esteem. 

In this paper, we will discuss about Mahavira, the preacher of one of eastern religions and Abraham, the preacher of one of western religions. We will highlight the lives and teachings of the two religious figures analyzing their similarities and differences.

The term “prejudice against taking the interests of animals” has not been explained well with respect to what prejudices and how it relates to the whites’ differentiation against blacks. The comparison made here is vague, therefore. The author argues a lot on the basis of the “blackness of skin” but the pain inflicted on animals is the same or almost equal by whites and blacks, i.e. by human beings in general.

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) was a creative mathematician as well as a scientific thinker. He has some specific achievements in natural philosophy. He offered a new vision of the natural world that continues to shape the thought of humankind today. It includes the modern account of the mind-body problem.

Symposium. Symposium is the philosophical text written by Plato, in which he has described several concepts of love which were held by ancient Athenians. In this book, Plato has precisely incorporated the conceptions of love in contrast with the multiple distinct idea of love and this idea of Plato was communicated by Socrates.

Happiness is also not synonymous with money nor is there a dictionary meaning for it. Happiness is neither measurable nor definable, but it is all about the result of an individual’s appreciation and reflection of things and people in his life, and the kindness and generosity that these things and people instil in him.

Through all these factors, he developed philosophical theories that explained these aspects. As a result, below are the philosophical teachings and ideas that were put forward by Epicurus: Pleasure and pain - Pleasure and pain were referred to by Epicurus as characteristics of life, and life is made up of all that is good as well as all that is bad.

The Abortion Debate In 1973 The U.S. Supreme Court decided that abortion would be legal. This historic decision did not end the debate. Nearly 40 years later abortion may be the most controversial and emotional issues in the nation. The divide between the ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ sides is wide with people decidedly on one side or the other.

My proposal of human excellence corresponds to the ideals of a number of philosophers including Aristotle. However, the comparisons made demonstrate many common but similar ideals in the quest of striving to find the definition of human excellence. It is not feasible to answer with the precision of a mathematical puzzle the excellence of human beings.

The same fate and stand lies with the other side of argument where one considers an event ethically and morally wrong. In precision, moral Universalists claim that anything considered by one to be right will be in the same ideology to many other people despite of basic differences in line of culture religion, regional, and many other levels of differentiation in the communities (Connik).

However, never before has it been so urgent to address the issue of climate change and global warming. It is important to acknowledge that weather variations occur all the time. However, the average weather pattern usually stays the same for a long period of time if it would be left alone.

The author states that the main concept of evolutionary psychology is that the human mind consists of information-processing mechanisms which have evolved through natural selection. These mechanisms are called adaptations that are functionally specialized to deal with problems in certain circumstances and environments.

Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican Monk (1225-1274) has argued two theories for the non-existence of God with inherent contradiction. The conclusion he draws from this is if God truly exists, evil has no place. Since evil is in its place, therefore, there is no God. This argument looks simple and straightforward to me. How an imperfect and corrupt world emerges out of that infinite goodness of God.

The debate on the existence of God and origination of the materialistic world and living beings has been evolving for ages. Our world has ever been witnessed numerous philosophers, scientists, religious leaders and theologians argue on the subject of existence or non – existence of God.

Determinism refers to the philosophical theory which states that all man’s capability of conscious choice, decision, and intention is invariably determined by circumstances that circumstances that existed before (Maher). This theory is in opposition of the philosophical system of free will or discretion.

Andre and Velasquez argue that utilitarian ethicist may coerce, manipulate or even lie in order to derive the maximum benefit to everyone. In current days, Scientists, diplomats, or business analyst think in terms of benefits and harms while suggesting a ban on certain pesticide, or making an investment in some project, or launching a new drug.

Among various philosophical phrases, Rene Descartes has his famous phrase notified. The famous phrase by Rene Descartes was Cogito Ergo Sum which means, I think, therefore I am” (Descartes). The phrase has its philosophical significance because it shows the urge of Rene behind finding the truth of his presence.

Exposing the children to this strand of hepatitis was in no way beneficial to them but the editorials praised the medical professionals for their work and supported their research. People whom criticized the ethics of this research saw no potential gain for using people that were in state institutions or mental hospitals to be exposed to hepatitis for no reason at all rather than to experiment on them.

The moral error theory is a position characterized by its commitment to two propositions: all moral claims are false and we have reason to believe that all moral claims are false. The most famous moral error theorist is J. L. Mackie, who defended the metaethical view in Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977). Mackie has been interpreted as giving two arguments for moral error theory.

I. Wittgenstein’s notion of language game Wittgenstein’s notion of language game was intended to provide answers to two interrelated philosophical issues: Is it possible to arrive at an objective view of the external world given that our individual experiences dictate our worldview, and if so, in what way could this be attained?

The first one involves the vacuum. The Asians believe that a person begins life in the void status and advances towards the status of abundance. Therefore, nothing has a permanent status instead, all changes from one position to another. However, the fact is that nothing can possess two statuses at the same time.

Whether Or Not to Use Animals in Medical Research. One pertinent question that faces the modern world is the use of animals for scientific experimentation. Most ideas that have to do with nature especially animals have been formed in the midst of the controversy.

In US, a citizen is allowed to vote, drive, and serve in the military at the age of 18 and the legal age of taking alcohol is 21. The reason for having a voting age is to make sure that those who are eligible to vote have the required capacity to make a decision on how to vote independently with knowledge.

Logic is an aspect that entails two different senses of reasoning, which are effective and deceptive as well as the application of thinking. This implies that logic deals with the concepts of the rationality of implication and demonstration.  Logic indicates the causes the arguments and how an individual handles them.

The society impacted by the materialist civilization, industrial and internet revolutions is, to some extent, responsible for the present day maladies afflicting the society, according to him and the basic values of humankind have gone haywire.

This characterization re-enforces two ideologies that are commonly connected with each other and yet different from one another – democracy and liberalism (Baier 1989). It appears that the factor connecting these two ideologies is the similarity in which the nature of the human person is ascertained.

The religion provides a set of customs, activities and observances that ensures that all members of a given spiritual inclination perform a set of minimal tasks. This culminates in a number of values, norms and mandatory practices. In the past 2,000 years, religion has played a pivotal role in the organization of nations, states and empires. And this has come with so many military concerns.

Ethics refers to the critical and systematic assessment of morality, of the moral components that direct human behavior in a specific practice or society. Ethics presents queries about how people should act in associations and how they should coexist with each other. It requires people to consider if their actions are right or wrong.

All the things that people perceive to be good are so-called because of their connection to happiness. This is because happiness does not have to lead to anything else for it to be good. Rather, people are more concerned with the total amount, or entirety, of happiness in their lives, giving rise to the question as to whether happiness is equally as good as meaningfulness.

Affirmative action entails set of policies designed to promote all the individuals, and so it addresses the discrimination concern. Since the late 1800s, forms of affirmative action have been evident in the United States. Fortunately, more extensive law push as well as its enforcement came in the year 1960s after the uprising of the civil rights movement.

n of civilization in human nature.3 What emerged was a renewed critique of concepts of civilization rather than conceptualization of civil society.4 The decision of the Knight v Wedderburn by the Court of Session on 15 January 1778 was described by philosopher John Millar as a genuine product of the liberal concepts emerging as a result of Scottish Enlightenment.5 This paper examines how the Court of Session’s decision in Knight v Wedderburn reflects the ideas of philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment.

It is arguable that each human being creates. It is a procedure in which an idea, no matter how big or small, is developed from the realm of the imagination to something of a reality. But a distinction along the process is made between what is bad or even average to what is beautiful and therefore sublime.

In describing eros, he discusses that it is the intent to search, the drive for the journey through which the object is attained. Phaedrus, on the other hand, describes eros as drive to take the journey in order to attain honor. Plato defines eros through its erotic nature, but also sides with the idea that it also can be framed within a rational search.

Under normal circumstances, medical operations are carried out on individuals with medical conditions like injuries or diseases. These conditions prompt the performance of medical procedures in order to treat the disease or correct a situation hence saving the life as well as the quality of life of the person. Other operations like amputations require very serious considerations.

The word human is a scientific concept with reference to members of the biological category Homo sapiens. On the other hand, the word person refers to a combination of complex traits by which we define intelligence, self-consciousness and freewill (White 2007).

Based on all the above arguments, it can be said that gay marriages should be made official for many reasons. Majorly because everybody has the right to live their life the way they want. And as long as love is unconditional and nobody is getting hurt, there is no point in stopping someone from getting married; be it a gay couple that wants to get married.

According to Wager either God exists or God does not exist, and either you believe in God or you do not believe in God (Tabarrok, 123). Pascal further explains that if God exists and you believe in him, then you have an infinite happiness in life, and if God does not exist and you believe in him then your utility level is finite.

In explaining personal identity a number of theories have been advanced to help explain what really consist of a person. In fact, personal identity theory attempts to confront the question of what it consists of to be a human being. Being the most philosophical confrontation theory exploring our existence, personal identity endeavors to provide answers to the questions of who we are, and whether there is a life after death (Baillie 1993).

However, it may be a bit tasking to determine the fate of art and pieces of art must always endeavor to bring out the concept of existence in totality. This essay shall aim at comparing and contrasting the productions of art as well as those of nature. This shall be discussed in relation to Hegel’s ‘Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics’ focusing on the basic need for production of art.

In many ways, the foundations of many of the disciplines that are seen in today’s world are those that were laid by the studies conducted by Aristotle. Politics is one such area that benefited greatly from the contributions that were made by Aristotle. In his great book, Politics, he talks about various forms of government and their relative merits and demerits.

The evil exists, therefore, an omnipotent, benevolent and omnipotent entity does not exist either. There are two arguments on the evil or problem of evil. They include logical and evidential arguments. The logical problem of evil This argument purports or tends to show a logical inconsistency between Gods existence and evil existence.

On personal grounds, theism is the most plausible, among the major world views. This is because, by referring to an infinite and eternal Being as the one who created the world out of nothing, the problem of authority is directly and readily tackled. It becomes easier to understand that behind the universal law and ethics, there is an author.

Attempts to its implementation, made primarily in the socialist states failed. Yet, they significantly enriched the theory and practice of democracy (though mostly with negative experience) and had a significant influence on the modern political system. This collectivist democracy is often called identity.