Job Stress Problem - Annotated Bibliography Example

Job Stress Business organization depends on effective utilization of human resources towards the attainment of theirprofit realization goal. Most research studies shows that effective management of human resources lead to enlarged the productivity of various activities. Since the realizations of this perspective, most organizations are doing anything possible to champion this course. However, it has been challenged by several career related problems that affects the effectiveness of human resource. Stress has been realized to be a major challenge affecting this field. Work related stress could be defined as the emotional strain or the uncontrollable pressure that the employees experience whenever they are faced with circumstance demanding at the expense of their level of knowledge. Annotated Bibliography Yoon, Saunjoo, and Kim, Jeong-Hee. Job related stress, emotional labor and Depressive Symptom Among Korean Nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarships, 45.2 (June 2013). 169-176. The article portrays stress as a work or career related problem that have to be considered in order to achieve the goals of the organization. The writer describes stress as a harmful or dangerous physical and emotional outcome that come about because of high demands of the job that do not match the abilities of individuals. Stress negatively results into feeling of helplessness, fatigue and anxiety. Yoon, Saunjoo, and Kim Jeong-Hee (2013) assert that the magnitude of stress differs from one job to another. Jobs with higher requirements such nursing are prone to stress less compared to other jobs that are less demanding. The source is very critical in analyzing stress prevalence in the nursing industry. In addition, it provides clear evidence on how nurses are at high risk of experiencing stress. However, this source fails provide remedies available for stress management. Shin, Jungung, Jisun. “Academics job satisfaction and jobstress across countries in the changing academic environments.” Article of Higher Education 67.5 May 2014): 603-620. The article looks at job stress in the perspective of job satisfaction. The findings of the article revealed that job stress is majorly associated with intrinsic factors. Although most scholars associate stress to negative impacts, the article provides an evidence of high performance portrayed by Higher Education systems with high stress based on management style rather than higher education systems with less prevalence of stress. Shin (611), advocates for performance management as a way of determining factors related to stress. The findings of this source revealed a close connection between job stress and management reforms. The new management reforms triggers stress in most organizations. Nevertheless, the article reveals that academic jobs are associated to stress rather than other types of jobs. Martin, Lilian Cristina X, Lopes, Claudia S. “Rank, job stress, psychological distress and physical activity among military personnel.” BMC Public Health 13.1 (2013): 1-11. Martin et al (2010) link stress to the occupational physical activity of an individual. The findings revealed that, job stress are associated to low levels of sport and exercise activities. A person who exercises more often are likely to be less stressed despite the physical occupation while those with less physical activity in sports are likely to experience high levels of stress. The journal contributes to the field of stress management in that it identifies strategies for stress management. In context such as military, the likelihood of stress is very less given the importance of physical activities in association to stress. Hence, policy inputs such as compulsory exercise and practice of leisure time in creating favorable environment should be implemented in the job place. However, this source narrowed its research to rank and job stress association to physical activities that limits it from providing other ways of stress management in the work environment. Chung-Kuang Chen, Cecilia, Lin, Shu-Hui, Wang, Tung-Hsu, Hou. Journal of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association 17.3 (Sep. 2009): 199-211. 13. Although most researches show that, the most stressful type of work is the one that demands excess values from the workerwhich might not match their ability. However, Chung-Kuang Chen et al (2009) assert that, job stress is associated to job place and work environment. The findings are quite critical in stressors management strategies. The article shows inverse association between stress and environmental strategies such as rewards and effective management. In addition, the source is useful in the provision of stress management strategies such as creation of conducive work environment. The human resource officer should provide quantity and quality courses to manage stress and relief workers from this condition. Human Factors, Ergonomics & Psychology Unit (2011). Work Related Stress. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) The article reveals monotony at the work place, lack of variety of jobs, aversive tasks among others as the major causes of stress. In many a times most organization have conducted many researches to divert this negative influence on their employees in order to enhance their performances. Moreover, Human Factors, Ergonomics and Psychology Unit (2011) notes that, it is clear that stress is the most challenging career related problem that faces almost all the organizations. This project paper therefore evaluates the sources of information as regard to this matter in respect to its meaning, causes and recommendations that could help save this situation. The article identifieshigh levels of stress to be accompanied by anger, anxiety, tension, boredom, nervousness In addition, the study findings on effects of stress revealed that stress had a stronger impact on aggressive actions such as interpersonal aggression, hostility, sabotage and complaints. The writers declare non-competing interest hence, there is ascertained validity and credibility of this source of information hence it is an important tool that the organizations may use to influence its decision on important matters affecting their performance. In addition, this source is credible in giving procedures and strategies of stress management. Mayo Clinic Staff, (2010). Stress Management. Mayo Clinic Medical Information tools for Healthy living. The article argues that conditions arising from the interaction of people and their jobs is characterized by changes within people and forces them to deviate from their normal functioning. . Moreover, the article further associate causes of stress to technological changes have changed people’s lifestyle and speed of modern standard of living. These make people to tend to be caught up by rush hours, which increase the level of stress. The article suggests ways of dealing with stress and this may include use of models in stress management. Furthermore, the source articulates for time management, which is very critical in managing stress. The other means may include, creating an atmosphere of trust in the organization and implementing interacting group behaviour and intergroup interaction. However, the research shows that, it is difficult to eliminate stress but the only way is to cope with stress. Therefore, most models advocates for both individual copying strategies and organizational copying strategies. Mayo advocates for both individual and organization factors in management of stress.The individual strategies may include; exercising through walking, jogging, swimming, going to gyms, playing all sorts of games, in order to get some exercise to combat stress. The article also considers relaxation as an individual copying strategywhich includes taking it easy occasionally or use specific relaxation techniques such as biofeedback or meditation also combat stress. The intent is to eliminate the immediate stressful situation or management prolonged stressful situations more effectively. Deliberate management of the antecedents and consequence of your own behaviour may enable an individual to manage stress. Moreover, the source argues that, stress is associated to most organizational stressors that must be controlled in order to manage stress. In attempting to change organizational stressors, the organization should create a positive work climate to ensure and help employees create and works towards persona/leisure goals e.g. leave work on time every day. The article is very important in formulating individual and organization strategies of stress management. Nevertheless, the source evaluates stress management strategies in comparison to other sources. However, the writers of this source differ with HSE 2011 in their approaches to the stress management. Verna, Blewit, (2006). Job Stress; causes, impact and intervention in health and community service sector. Work cover New South Wales. University of South Australia The article associates globalization and changing administrative policies as the major causes of stress. The writers argue that, globalization leads to crisis in job place since it raises high requirements in the job place. Administrative policies and strategieson the hand also cause stress to individuals. As Organizations drastically change to meet the environmental changes, there is more and more accompanying stress for individual employees and their jobs. Verna articulates that, organizations today must be very fast, agile, and responsive, they must quickly respond to ever changing competitive environment, constantly reinventing them – with new strategies, restructuring, and downsizing becoming common place. Survivor of downsizing often experience tremendous pressure form the fear of future cuts, the loss of friend and colleagues and increase in workload. In other words, downsizing often translates into longer hours and more stress for the survivors. Furthermore,the writers associates stress to personality traits such as authoritarianism, rigidity, extroversion, supportive, emotionality, anxiety ,spontaneity and the need for achievement have been revealed by research as being pariticuraly relevant to individual stress. More attention however has centered on the so-called Type A and B personality. Type a personality is likely to be stressed compared to type B since their personal feeling about their ability to control the situation will determine their stress levels. Therefore, employees who are given a sense of control on their work environment and on their job are less likely to be less stressed. The article shows that some employees who experience lack of control risk developing high blood pressure and other physical problems.Employees who have given up because of lack of control seems to accept stress in the work environment even if better performance can be achieved. However, the article revealedthat, peoples with strong self-perception of their ability can be effective and bring about change in the ability to manage stress. Those with high efficacy remain calm even when faced with stressful situations. Last, this source limits itself to causes of stress rather than the strategies to manage it. In contrast to other sources, it gives limited information. However, the information is useful in setting up strategies to manage stress. Smith, Melinda, Ellen, Jaffe Gill, and Robert, Segal. "Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress. 2010. Print. Smith et al. (2010) identifies that most researches associate stress to bad feelings but stress is not always bad for individual employees and their organization’s performance.The writers recognized that, low levels of stress could sometimes enhance job performance. Moderatestress, such as getting a new supervisor or being involuntary transferred sometimes leads to a positive result of increased search for information on the job. This may lead to employees having new and better ways of doing things. The article also indicates that, the level of difficulty, the nature of the task being performance, personal disposition also triggers off stress. However, they declined to acknowledge that, physical health concerns have been linked to stress. In addition, the article recognizes other types of psychological problems associated to stress that includes lowered self-esteem, resentment of supervisors, inability to concentrate and make decisions and job satisfaction, accidents at work. The outcome of these has a direct impact on the cost effectiveness of the organization in forms of numerous job related insurance claims and various court cases under the compensation act. In addition, the source reveals that, stress leads to a behavioral problem, which associates stress to absenteeism.Absenteeism and turnover is very costly to the organization in terms of filling in for the absent worker and replacing those who have left. Although the article gave credible effects of stress and impacts to the organizations, but it fails to identify causes andstrategies for stress management. Conclusion In conclusion, stress as a job related condition affects workers in different ways. Though most researches have been done to in order to come up with strategies to manage stress, still a lot has to be done. Most of these sources base their argument on its causes but less has been done to fully combat the condition. Therefore, organization needs to conduct many researches in order to come up with means and strategies on stress related issues and management. Stress affects employee’s performance and this in turn affects the productivity of the organization. With effective management of stress, most employees will be productive and these will greatly improve the profitability of organizations. Works Cited Chung-Kuang Chen; Cecilia Lin; Shu-Hui Wang; Tung-Hsu Hou. Journal of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association). 17.3 (Sep 2009): 199-211. Human Factors, Ergonomics & Psychology Unit. Work Related Stress. Health and Safety Executive (HSE). 2011. Mayo clinic Staff. Stress Management. Mayo Clinic Medical Information tools for Healthy living. 2010. Shin, Jungung, Jisun. Academics job satisfaction and jobstress across countries in the changing academic environments. Article of Higher Education, 67.5 (May 2014) 603-620. Smith, Melinda, Ellen, Jaffe, Gill, and Robert, Segal."Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress, 2010. Verna, Blewit. Job Stress; causes, impact and intervention in health and community service sector. Work cover New South Wales. University of South Australia, 2006. Print. Yoon, Saunjoo, and Kim, Jeong-Hee. Job related stress, emotional labor and Depressive Symptom among Korean Nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarships 45.2 (June 2013): 169-176. Read More