Biology Essays

The author states that morphological difference is observed between the cysts and the trophozoites. Cysts are mostly uninuclear and measure up to 20 µm. The nuclei of the cysts ranged between 3.2-4.2 µm and it accounted for almost 29.5% of the cyst diameter. The abundant chromatoid material is available.

Presence of jiggers that survive on human blood may lead to disability to walk and mental issues if they are not controlled at the early stages. Symbiotic relationships between man and machine in the medical field may also have side-effects, for example, X-rays are harmful if one is exposed to them over long periods.

The larger encephalization quotient is believed to be the instigating factor of the social nature of dolphins. They have well-developed brains like that of human beings that make them appreciate the need of thriving in groups and carrying out their daily routines together. It is for these behaviors that dolphins are very closer to human beings and even goes the extra mile to engage in plays with them.

The lab presents the results obtained for each laboratory technique and compares them with the already existing knowledge. Four plates were streaked with bacteria and from this, the transformant cells were identified. In which case, plate 2 containing both arabinose and ampicillin, in the presence of pGLO, contained the transformant cells.

While some of the diseases arising from environmental health hazards are curable, research is ongoing to find some of the effective intervention mechanisms for those that continue to claim people's lives without proper treatment. Some of the diseases that still need proper intervention strategies are those caused by genetic compositions of people.

On the other hand, dishcloth may harbour other microorganisms since even the tiny food particle serves as a medium for the augmentation of microorganisms, and this growth may cause the food decomposition and spoilage. Food and water may also carry pathogenic microbes and as a result, transmit disease.

The article reports that compared to the 7000 species of plant species that met human needs, today humans cultivate only 150 of the species and live on only 12 of the plant species.  A number of different species of corn and potatoes have all disappeared.  The consequences of such grave losses are dire.

An alternative experiment that could be carried out to give more accuracy, while discovering the energy content, is the oxidation of sugar with the same experiment. In which case, oxidizing sugar in food ensures that no real energy is released or lost to the air because water surrounds the burning sugar. The experiment also ensures that no heat is lost through heating up the test tube.

Moreover, Down syndrome is caused, and the fragile X syndrome is caused by genetic variability and environmental factors like toxins. Children affected with fragile x syndrome have god prominent foreheads (Kids health 1). Autism affects children and makes them disinterested playing certain games and communication and learning problems.

Fungi are not, included in the kingdom plant because they lack the chlorophyll pigment that helps the plants to photosynthesize besides them having unique cell wall and membrane. Generally, fungi are eukaryotic organisms indicating that their cell contain nuclei (Alberts 2002).Fungi provide nutrients to their hosts and to the soil by breaking down dead organic materials.

The plant’s scientific name is Cinchona pubescens Vahl. In an effort to understand its taxonomy, it is necessary to examine its symbol, group, duration, growth habit and native status. Its symbol is CIPU while its group is dicot. Its duration is perennial while its growth habit corresponds to a tree. Finally, its native status is HI I.

In the crown group, there can be the last ascendants of existing descendants. The northern fur seal is a descendant of all existing otariids' last common ancestors or 'eared seals'. Therefore, it belongs to the otariid crown group (Berta, 2012, p.11). This paper will explore this animal's evolution, characteristics, and physiology.

Currently, the identification of Helicobacter pylori requires eradication therapy only if there are clear indications for it. The "gold standard" in Helicobacter pylori eradication is a combination of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (within 4 weeks) with antibacterial agents (amoxicillin and metronidazole or tetracycline) during the first two weeks of treatment.

When considering light intensity, the quality that emanates from the sun is solely dependent on the season of the year. Lighting quality that falls on the plant also varies based on the shading of the plants. Generally, the rate at which plants grow in length depends on time; a plant remains actively dependent on the light it receives.

Generally, biomass can be harvested in a manner that protects the quality of soil, maintains the wildlife habitat, and avoids erosion. However, these environmental benefits of using biomass are dependent on creating biomass resources that are beneficial while avoiding harmful resources (McKendry, 2002).

The GM foods have the potential of causing infertility, accelerating the aging process, and interfering with the organ systems. Consequently, infertility can have emotional, physical, and financial burdens on the couples, family, and friends. The disruption of the normal aging process can shorten the lifespan of humans.

The Endangered Species Act in the U.S. obliges that recovery programs be formulated for all registered species. In principle, these programs must clarify the measures needed to guarantee that a particular species is not endangered anymore as well as present a financial plan for attaining that objective (Wilcove 230).

During the gaseous exchange, the circulatory system through the heart pumps blood to the lungs where there is the exchange of gases. The circulatory system distributes blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the body cells. It also transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation from the body. Oxygen is carried in the blood by the red blood cells using a respiratory fluid called hemoglobin.

Turmeric has long been used as a medicine in traditional Ayurveda and is today considered a potential candidate for treating cancer naturally. In this experiment, curcumin, the active chemical derived from turmeric and known to have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, will be used to treat breast cancer cell lines in different concentrations. 

Pygmy rabbits are unique animals living mainly in North America. These rabbits are the smallest rabbit species with numerous predators that reduce their population at a high rate. Currently, pygmy rabbits are among the endangered species in the world. These rabbit species should be conserved, and their continuity should be enhanced. 

Mangroves are salt-tolerant vegetation that has adapted to existing in salt and brackish water conditions.  Mangroves may characteristically refer to an individual species. Terms such as mangrove area, mangrove ecology, mangrove wood, mangrove swamp, and mangal are normally used interchangeably to explain the complete mangrove community.

The three major kinds of membrane lipids are phospho-lipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Moreover, Phospholipids are the most abundant in all biological membranes. These have a polar head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. The tails of phospholipids are usually fatty acids, and they can differ in length.

Natural selection generally refers to the gradual non-random process through which biological traits become dominant in a population as a result of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is the main mechanism of evolution. All organisms have variations because random mutations occur in the genome of organisms and are then passed to the offspring.

The best thing about the plant is that it is easily established; simply placing the pads in desired locations. Besides, the plant is thought to have increased proliferation and growth when grazed on, and therefore conservation does not necessarily call for a reduction in use for fodder but rather a promotion to increase cultivation.

The area also suits the study because the researcher is likely to incur challenges as they cannot literally count the population to be subjected to the in-depth analysis. This explanation and analysis is super and makes it easy to appreciate the work. The author failed to extensively present the research problem.

They also describe a membrane linkage protein; Moesin provides a facilitating role that integrates the networks of the mitotic cortex, allowing a cooperative interaction vital to the process of mitosis itself. In fruit flies, (Drosophila melanogaster) is a vital cytoskeletal regulator. Study of Moesin, otherwise known as Moe, should prove to be important in the understanding of the bridging between the actin complex and of the cell membrane

Rapid movements are tested over a 2-minute time frame and are considered perturbed if there is a lack of embryonic movement. At 120 hpf, larval morphology (body axis, eye, snout, jaw, otic vesicle, notochord, heart, brain, somite, fin, yolk sac, trunk, circulation, pigment, swim bladder; Fig. 2) is assessed and written down and behavioral endpoints are thoroughly evaluated within the organism.

Fat-Tailed Dunnart has adipose tissue which is detectable and brown in color. Fat-tailed Dunnart is found in various regions of Australia with diversified habitats except in the Tasmania region (Menkhorst 67). They prefer staying in open shrublands, sparse grasslands, and uncultivated farmlands. The only region where they are not found in Tasmania.

The paper explains the method through which insulin is produced and its role in regulating glucose as well as the role of the liver in the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen. It was aimed at informing the reader about various methods through which plants store food. It informs the reader about an experiment that can be performed to determine the amount of energy stored in a food substance.

The paper will closely examine and describe various details about the Date palm and then present a case study on the same plant. Some of the issues that will be discussed include the history of the date palm, its botanical classification, the taxonomical characteristics of the leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, the stem, and the roots.

The purpose of this zoo is for education services and conservation. Considering, the education curriculum, most students receive more information on certain animals but they are not aware of the real physical appearance and common behaviors. This is the main reason why the zoo should get this species

The following paper would address the desirable characteristics they possess, the respective advantages and disadvantages of each plant form, the technique for planting, plant longevity, their maintenance program, and the climate in which they grow in. Plant Longevity/Culture: This tree being columnar additionally is tolerable to drought, heat, pollution, humidity, wind, and seashore.

A trait like skin colour, let's say for beetles, makes it possible for the green beetles to be eaten by the predators while the brown ones live to reproduce hence increasing the population of the brown beetles. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection those members of species that are capable of surviving to reproduce.

Ferns, black woods, and conifers also exist. Vegetation in Sherbrook forest is categorized as sclerophyll forest. The most common tree species here is the ‘mountain ash’ otherwise known as Eucalyptus Regnans. Others include the ferns, Acacias, Olearias, Sassafras, Pomaderris, Coprosma, Pimelia, Hedycarya, ground ferns, and creepers. 

Myocardial infarction is given by the interruption of blood supply and thereby oxygen supply to a part of the heart, which results in the breakdown of the heart muscles there. This interruption of blood supply and shortage in oxygen supply is normally caused by the collection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is a combination of lipids and White Blood Cells, on the walls of the arteries.

This can be done by using various ways. On the simple way is to use an Oxygen generator, air regulator, plastic tubing, and diffusion stone connect these together and pump Oxygen into the water for a specific time. Since one is working in lab equipment must be chosen according to the lab’s size and equipment available. 

We utilized the concept of random sampling since we were unaware as to how many different kinds of species of insects we would encounter. Therefore, during our transects, each species present in the locality had an equal probability of being sampled.

This diagram cannot be considered as an evolutionary tree since it fails to show the relationship between ancestors and descendants or the manner in which they have changed, although one can infer numerous evolutionary trees from one diagram. The diagram uses branching lines that end at specific groups of the organism and the lines branch off into separate directions.

Antibacterial resistance is one of the selective markers that are used to select for transformation. This practical aimed at determining the antibiotic resistance conferred on four E. coli strains (PAV35, PRRK, MTL84422, and DH5 ἀ) that harbored two plasmids with foreign DNA inserts (white and blue plasmids).

The paper bases the stated explanations on experiments conducted in two different environments with a reflection of Gause's 1934 experiments. In addition, this report explores Yoda’s Law on self-thinning concepts and its implication to competitive exclusion in a given natural environment.

Mainly two hypotheses were stated in this experiment and the two hypotheses are pill bugs prefer moist condition over the dry condition and pill bugs prefer environment moist with water over soda. Pillbugs are the common crustacea belonging to the order Isopoda and are “closely related” to lobsters, shrimps as well as crabs (Schofield ).

This experiment was to determine the optimal temperature in which both bacterial and fungal amylases would function to produce a suitable enzymatic action. First, the equipment to be used during the laboratory experiment was set up. Test tubes were labeled, and spot plates were placed in temperature against time table created.

When the temperatures are higher, a lot or all sea turtles produced are female. However, when temperatures are low, males are produced in larger numbers or all sea turtles produced are male. If the temperatures are at a constant level whereby it can be said they are not high and not so low, sea turtles produce a similar number of females and males.

The rise in hY1 and hY3 RNA levels indicate a different type of cancer that is identified in carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Cancer that is identified in breast, testis, and kidneys is caused by the overproduction of TROVE2 mRNA.

Therefore, the principal component of this paper is the exploration of the genetic mapping of the fruit fly vis-à-vis gene mutation and recombination in the chromosomal sites. Additionally, the determination of sex linkage and autosomal mutations is primary.

The samples were then heated for one minute and centrifuged before loading. 20 ug of the six protein samples were loaded onto each of the lanes by underlaying them into the well.  After loading was complete, the gel was then run at 200 volts until the dye front reached the bottom of the gel (for about 1 hour). 

As noted, the technique makes use of several cycles. During these cycles, variations in temperatures are undertaken to trigger the replication of DNA with the help of enzymes. To ensure the amplification process, there have to be short DNA fragments called primers that have the target area along with an enzyme known as DNA polymerase.

This was identified by the phenotype of transformed colonies in which some of the growth observed in the ampicillin rich-media of LB/Amps. The growth occurred as a result of the presence of resistance genes in the plasmid to ampicillin enabling the bacterial cells to undergo a transformation.

The chains contain nucleosomes that are further packed in high order supercoils (Abbott & Ausió, 2005). During the resting phase of the cell cycle, the chromosomes are predominantly unwound. As cell division methods, the chromosomes shrink and assume flexible rod-like shapes.

The ectoderm is divided into 3 groups of cells: which are the internal position neural tube, externally positioned skin epidermis, and neural crest cells. Neural crest cells are formed in the region connecting the neural tube and the epidermis; they later migrate to other areas and generate glia and peripheral neurons.