Chemistry Essays

The author states that chrysotile, belongs to the serpentine family of minerals, while all of the others belong to the amphibole family. All forms of asbestos are hazardous, and all can cause cancer, but amphibole forms of asbestos are considered to be somewhat more hazardous to health than chrysotile.

 But choosing which is better between two negative options is a tough decision to make. This is the predicament of Genericville City Council currently tasked to choose between natural control and avoidance of deadly West Nile Virus (WNV) carrier mosquitoes as against the use of harmful pesticide Malathion for its control. 

Included in the chemicals studied for its effects is Arsenic. Arsenic, from the Greek work arsenikos, is a naturally occurring element within the Earth's crust. Represented in the periodic table by the symbol As with an atomic number of 33, arsenic occurs in three allotropic forms, yellow, black and grey.

The author states that the salt is halite, chemically known as Sodium Chloride, and commonly known as rock salt is one of the few very important reagents in the chemical industry today. The salt is found in the form of evaporative deposits after its crystallization out of the brine lakes through evaporation with time.

Visible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are capable of effecting electrons from the surfaces of metals. (Photoelectric emissions). The electrons emitted are called photoelectrons - the energy required to just eject an electron from the surface of a neutral material without setting that electron in motion is called work function.  

The author states that Hydrocodone Bitartrate 5 mg is formed with 500mg acetaminophen; these two drugs together make up a Vicodin tablet. Along with these two active ingredients, there are many inactive chemicals are used to make Vicodin which are, colloidal silicon dioxide, starch, croscarmellose sodium, dibasic calcium phosphate.

The synthesized compound, P-methyl acetophenone, belongs to the ketone functional group because it has the RCOR' arrangement. The mode of reaction of ketones is that they undergo addition reactions such as nucleophilic and electrophilic addition reactions. They are less reactive than aldehydes because of the presence of alkyl (CH3) group(s).

The raw materials used in the manufacture of ammonia are nitrogen and hydrogen. Hydrogen is obtained by reacting methane with steam and thus creating carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The nitrogen is obtained from the air by fractional distillation since the mixture of air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen.

The author states that in an effort to identify the provenance of the perfluorochemical contamination, officials at the EPA have begun investigating the monitoring data of local industries involved in the manufacture and usage of these chemicals. However, some companies, specifically those involved in metal plating, do not record this data.

The transmission of the information at chemical synapses involves the release of a neurotransmitter from a presynaptic cell, diffusion across the synaptic cleft, and binding of the neurotransmitter to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane to produce a change in membrane potential. In chemical synapses, there is a gap between the presynaptic cell membrane and the postsynaptic cell membrane, known as the synaptic cleft.

Acid base titration Aim The experiment intended to ascertain concentrations of Dilute Hydrochloric acid and Dilute Sulphuric Acid solutions by conducting Acid-Base titrations. Hypothesis Phenolphthalein change of color from pink/purple to colorless signified a transformation of the solution’s nature from being basic to acidic, which was the reaction’s endpoint or neutrality point.

The waste may be liquid, solid, or sludge and contain chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Even households generate hazardous waste from items such as batteries, used computer equipment, and leftover paints or pesticides. The waste can harm humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these toxins.

The author explains that Forensic Science deals with the study of serology and DNA especially in the forensic crime laboratory, “serology analysis” refers to the screening of evidence for bodily fluids. It is imperative to perform body fluid detection on evidentiary items before they are sent for DNA analysis.

"The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution and is determined by the hydrogen ion (H+) content" ("Measuring Acid Rain"). This scale ranges from 0 to 14, moving from strongly acid to strongly alkaline, respectively, with the point 7 representing neutral.

A very common example of this mixture is oil-in-water or water-in-oil. It is very important to know the identity of the chemicals you are dealing with when applying emulsion. Physically, the mixture of two immiscible liquids is very visible to the eyes because of the phase interfaces of scattered light passing through the emulsion.

This was done to determine the identity of each of these five cobalt complexes. Procedure Week 1 Complex B assigned by the instructor was prepared as follows: First 20ml acetone bottle was obtained then paced on ice water bath. Approximately 5 g cobalt salt was dissolved in distilled water (7 ml),this resulted to the formation of a purple solution.

Senecal has shown that the gas works by diluting the concentration of fire-reactive gases, therefore, slowing the rate of flame chemistry. Benefits in using this gas include not needing superpressurization, any reactivity with most materials and not needing a clean-up agent because it leaves no residue.

It was found out that the peak position did not change as the ratio of tin to water changed but it stayed within the same two theta limits. However, the intensity (Lin count) tends to change as the tin to water ratio changes. Sample 239 had the lowest intensities while Sample 231 had the highest peak.

Basically, in addition to this observation, the rising threat to the environment which is posed by issues such as the rise in pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has made the invention of new technologies and investment in innovations a move that is pivotal for the future success.

When monochromatic light goes through a coloured solution in a cell, a portion of the radiation is taken in and another fraction is transmitted. Colourimetry is a hands-on application of the Beer-Lambert law to establish the proportion of light that is transmitted by a solution containing a coloured solute, and using that information to ascertain the concentration of the solute.

The processes of cyclometallation and catalytic cycles can be well established through the use of the AMLA process. This process refers to Ambiphilic Metal Ligand Activation and it is helpful during cyclometallation and catalytic cycles. The second key element is the CH activation process and this process usually helps in electrophilic metal and acetate activation. 

Soda drinks are things like Coke, Sprite, and Pepper, as well as any carbonated and sugared. The discovery of Soda drinks came at hand in the year 1879 and was later availed popularly in the year 1890 by many people globally. Being a delicious drink, there is the chemistry behind soda drinks that involves carbonation processes, which are evident by the provision of bubbles.

A compound on the other hand, is a pure substance made of two or more chemically combined elements. Compounds are separable by chemical means such as electrolysis, oxidation and reduction (Phillips, 1998). A mixture and a compound also vary on the composition of the component elements.

Sharma, Singh and Rana (2011, pp.223-225) emphasize that biologically active peptides are proteins manufactured in the cell in the form of large proteins, which are then sliced and modifies to produce active products. The bioactive peptides play a major role in pathogenesis and psychological functions as signaling molecules.

Gases are allowed into a reaction chamber which is set to optimum level conditions to allow the reaction of the gases to take place. Various adjustments on the reaction chamber produce four types of CVD: Atmospheric Pressure CVD (APCVD); Low-Pressure CVD (LPCVD); Plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) and Metalorganic CVD (MOCVD).

The impact of the motor vehicle exhaust emissions is widespread given that the uses of vehicles are many and varied with every industry using vehicles in one way or the other. While the majority of vehicles are personal vehicles that are owned by individuals, there are transport vehicles that serve the public in many ways (Barrow 56).

Wastewater Pollution: Comparing Three Treatment Methods. Wastewater comes as a result of an industrial process that has added chemicals and biosolids that are harmful to human health and to the environment. Whole ecosystems have been destroyed because of the mishandling of wastewater in the past.

Moreover our cars and power generation units convert chemical energy in fuel to a more useable form. Chemistry has a deep relation to the computers and computer technology. The way we moved towards the more energy efficient electrical and electronic products depicts that generation after generation, the knowledge about the utilization of chemistry enhanced in huge amount.

This means that isotopes of an element have the same atomic number. This means that isotopes of an element have the same atomic number. Nonetheless, isotopes do not share the same number of neutrons within their nucleus. As a result, isotopes are said to have divergent atomic weights. There are two major types of isotopes.

Examples of such ailments include chronic urinary tract infections, glomerulonephritis and diabetes mellitus. One of the most cost effective and efficient method of urine analysis is the use of a paper or plastic dipstick to screen the urine. A microchemistry technique, dipstick urinalysis method allows for enhanced semi-quantitative and qualitative in a short span of time through careful visual assessment.

b. Who developed it? The law of conservation of mass was developed by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, a French chemist, in 1789 (Lavoisier and the Law of Conservation of Mass). c. Describe the experiments this person carried out that led to the law’s formulation.

Wittig Reaction Author’s Name: Course Name: Instructor’s Name: Date of Submission: Wittig Reaction is also known as the witting olefination, the witting reaction is a chemical test that examines the chemical reaction that occurs when the chemical components of aldehyde also known as ketone and triphenyl phoshonium are combined.

Use of differential scanning fluorimetry as a high-throughput assay to identify nuclear receptor ligands A number of experimental techniques are usually used to screen possible ligand materials against nuclear receptors, however, none of the current assay screening techniques permits screening without modification of either the protein and/or the ligand in a high-throughput fashion.

The report has been created by making use of research conducted on the  bioaccumulation of cylindrospermopsin. The paper also contains a discussion related to the factors that influence both bioaccumalation rates as well as potential. The paper will determine production of cylindrospermopsin in one type of cyanobacteria, that is known as Anabaena.

Lipoproteins are separated into various categories based on the density at which they float through ultracentrifugation. These macromolecules are further categorized depending on electrophoretic ability, particle size, or affinity chromatography. These specific classes have distinct metabolic functions.

The crop is harvested and dried and then ready for storage or use. Onions can be eaten raw or cooked. The mixture of chemical substances in the onion cells react upon each other upon chopping causing a rapid irritation on the eyes. During the process of chopping an onion, the cells are damaged allowing alliinases enzymes to split the amino acid sulfoxides generating sulfenic acids with a general formula RSOH.

On the atomic level, there is a more complete transference of electrons than might be seen with covalent unions. Electrons themselves can be permanently assigned to orbit whichever atom needed to achieve a balance of charges. Metallic elements combined with non-metallics, as a generalization.

Awareness of drugs, their negative effect and threats they pose, may help you keep aside. There exist different types of drug and each of them may make a person addicted. Molly is one of the most dangerous synthetic drugs, thus it consists of chemicals. It is the powder of crystal form, known as MDMA ((3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or Ecstasy.

The rate of temperature change on the left and right sides are very different because there are more particles with a higher temperature that moved from the right side causing the rapid increase in temperature of the system on the left side. Time how long it takes for about 125 particles to exist in each chamber and note the temperature difference the first time this occurs.

Esters are categorized to have pleasant smells that are the core reasons for the pleasant fragrant in fruits and flowers. Examples of these esters are methyl butanoate which is mostly found in the liquids of pineapples and the famous isopentyl acetate which is found in the oil of bananas.

Current Applications and Development of Catalyst for the Synthesis of Highly Functional Organic Carbonates. Organic compounds obtained by carbonic acid and hydroxyl compound diesterification are called organic carbonates. These have diverse industrial, medical and biological applications as intermediates and solvents during lubricant, herbicide, pesticide, plastic synthesis, etc.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is an important enxyme complex that particularly works by transforming pyruvate into acetyl-CoA through a process known as pyruvate decarboxylation (Smolle 196). The resultant product (acetyl-CoA) is then normally used during the citric acid cycle to enhance cell respiration.

Red cabbage juice contains a pigment known as anthocyanin which is responsible for the color change. Objectives: Determine and analyze the pH values for different household liquids. Compare the liquids utilities to their chemical constituent. Materials: Red cabbage Beaker Tongs 96-well microplate Microtip pipets (3) Toothpicks Distilled water Piece of white paper Hot plate 100-mL beakers (2) 100-mL graduated cylinder Solutions: Lemon juice Anti-freeze Drain Cleaner Safety Precautions: 1.

KMnO4 and Cr (VI) compounds such as H2CrO4 have been widely used as oxidizing agents in the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. However, each of these two reagents has its disadvantages, and chemists are increasingly using reagents containing chlorine in a positive oxidation state such as hypochlorite compounds.

In spite of its benefits, Mercury is also known to be a silent killer if ingested or during a long exposure of an organism to compounds containing Mercury (Mitra & Kebbekus p. 30-42). In this paper we will discuss in brief the various methods used to analyse Mercury as well as new potential methods in the same.

According to Senaratne, Park, and Kim (2006), it helps to properly understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative testing. Further, the researcher is able to use the spectrophotometer by calibrating it to determine the absorbance of different levels of solutions (Peterson 1983).

Rapid molecular-based tests have been developed to address this need but are not always accurate in this respect. The most commonly used biomarkers especially the serum markers are reviewed for their current uses and the diagnostic accuracies including the c reactive proteins and the PCT levels and also serum amyloid and others.

In order to better understand magnesium and its interactions, it is important to examine fundamental of the element that have been previously pioneered. This knowledge sets the stage for application of contemporary techniques to produce new and exciting results in magnesium analysis.

Around 11-18% of the power that is required by the world is generated from Nuclear sources. One of the major arguments against Nuclear power, its cost, has ceased to be a factor as people in the power industry have realized how the investment for a nuclear power plant is something that needs to be done only once.

Forensic scientists aim to identify the suspect and determine how and when a crime was committed. In relation to the differences between these two isotopes, this study will first discuss some basic information with regards to stable and radioactive isotopes followed by analyzing how these two isotopes can be used in the study of forensic science.