Psychology Essays

Aaron Beck was able to create his style of therapy as a result of his experiences that he obtained not only from his education, but also from the lifestyle in which he lived.  As a result of his fundamental understanding of behavior and cognition, he was able to design a revolutionary style of therapy that incorporated the once two separate fields.

It is important however that people learn to understand that true happiness and freedom comes from within them. Each person can learn to be happy and live a free life with no matter how much little he or she has. The true desire therefore should be with how to seek happiness within rather than seeking happiness from external source such as the fast technological advancement.

A major reason why abnormality definitions differ between cultures is because of the ways in which people undergo mental disorders. In attempts to define abnormality one certainly has to confront cultural biases, which often raises the question of whether mental disorders are impacted by the fact that some abnormalities are highly specific in a few cultures. 

When a group is developing, according to Bruce Tuckman, the group goes through five stages of development. These stages are called “forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning”. This theory is based on the assumption that when a group is formed, it does not initially perform at an optimal level of production.

As the therapists handle each situation with a personal approach, therefore it may be assumed that the clinician is working within a specific culture. Instead of following a scientific procedure during the therapy sessions, the clinician hands over the reins to the client that reveals his/her presumptions about the client’s cultural background.

Research shows that both eating disorders and addiction to alcohol have genetic components. Some people who have bulimia nervosa or alcoholism in the family may see themselves experiencing the same situation. Also, the brain is involved in both challenges and hormones in the brain can exacerbate an eating disorder or alcohol addiction.

The organization becomes a learning organization and its employees become flexible and confident. The organization also benefits in many aspects like: improvement in the communication, productivity of the employees which in the long-run benefits the organization itself. All employees should be treated equally and guided fairly for the organization to develop and foster.

Since the juvenile’s offending behavior is learned, as the studies suggest, there is a need for the schools, families including parents and siblings and authorities to involve such programs which either eliminate the possibility of such behaviors through awareness programs and education or provide a proper rehabilitation suite in prisons for the juveniles.

The history of abnormal psychology traces the development of the subject through hard times and the in the modern world it has finally attained full growth still assuming the fact that this branch of psychology has still scope for widen its areas. The increasing incidents in drugs, sex, crime have necessitated the more study in abnormalities involved within the minds of the people.

Females have fought for equality for the longest time. Even in a world filled with the most technologically advanced types of equipment and the most liberated kinds of people, there are those who still treat females as a minority compared to the males. This is not just evident in the workplace but also in society.

CBT, although effective, comes at a higher cost compared to “treatment as usual”. Age, sex, and intelligence have no effect on the outcome of CBT; but occupation, personality and culture can show different or slower responses. Some of the larger studies on the efficacy of CBT have shown no significant advantage for CBT over the control intervention. 

Human development is a continuous process that starts at birth and ends at death. It is a period when learning is achieved through a number of interactions with both the inner and outer environments. All the things we come into contact with forms the basis of our learning, influencing us differently from one stage to another.

EEG is a safe and effective way of recording the long-term continuous electrical brain activity or brainwaves of the patients. EEG is characterized by having a high temporal and time resolution. Since EEG has a high temporal and time resolution, EEG technicians can capture sample rates of a little more than 20 kHz within sub-millisecond. 

There are clearly many problems with typical intelligence quotient testing, including the dangers of using such assessments as definitive judgments of a child’s ability to learn. There is a potential for a child to be labeled as less capable than his peers, and for this to result in the educational system’s treatment of the child in an unfair way.

Psychology has indeed made a considerable contribution to the understanding of crime and criminal behavior. The various approaches in psychology have come up with explanations of the causes of criminal behavior. According to psychologists, criminal behavior has a multiplicity of causes, which range from the genetic makeup of persons to socialization.

Cognitive psychology has made use of patient case studies to understand cognitive processes. However, patient case studies heavily rely on generalizations that are a difficult issue to achieve on an exact basis when studying the brain. Using patient case studies to understand cognitive processes has both strengths and weaknesses. 

Lack of practice can be a challenge for me in many situations. For example, older people are really reluctant to working with young and fresh girls like me so I will have to keep this probable challenge in mind and be exceptionally attentive and comforting with them. The other challenge is personal involvement.

Higgins (2000) explains that under the interactionist approach, an individual can have a pattern of behavior which is usually exhibited under different situations. However, this pattern varies and stabilizes in conjunction with various situations. This means that the situational differences that are exhibited by individuals become part of their personality;

School plays an imperative role in fostering prosocial behavior. However, this will depend on the class environment and the curriculum. To foster prosocial behavior, an environment that encourages sharing and cooperation should be created. For instance, children should be encouraged to share scarce resources such as books and toys.

It is very difficult to pay attention to several different issues simultaneously that is why it is needless to say that there is always a limit in processing capacities of the conscious mind. It was estimated that a conscious mind can operate with 40-45 bits of information per second which is roughly equal to reading a small sentence.

To experience a beneficial personality change, therefore, there was a need for two people to be in psychosomatic contact, of which the client had to be in a state of vulnerability, anxiety and incongruence whereas on the other hand the therapist corresponds thereby getting assimilated into the relationship.

The reason CBT is considered to be the best techniques than others is that the cognitive and behavioural therapies target issues in Here and now with less therapeutic duration enthusiastic to experiences in early life. The therapeutic affiliation is viewed as a vital ingredient, but different from other psychotherapies it is not seen as the focal vehicle of alteration.

The counselling technique used to treat the client also determines the effectiveness of the therapeutic counselling process. Different therapeutic techniques designed to address different problems exist. The standard therapeutic techniques include behavioural or cognitive therapy, couples counselling, and psychodynamic therapy.

Appetite may disappear completely, or increase and lead to overeating. Depressed people complain of pain in the area of heart, stomach, and may suffer from constipation. Markedly the energy reserves of the human’s body become reduced, and as a result, people overwork themselves quickly even with a small physical and mental job.

In Darwinian happiness, an example of an explanation of the evolutionary approach to happiness, the brain is the main organ of interest. It explains happiness as an aspect that covers the organization and the physiology of the brain, the immune system, emotions, senses and social programming (Grinde, 2002).

The committing of the crime can be secondary at times. Take an example when the individual is under intense strain then decides to use drugs as a solace. This can happen maybe after a marital breakup. After using the drugs, one may end up being involved in actions they cannot really comprehend at all.

The successful work in the field of psychology requires appropriate skills. I have such qualities both necessary and important for each scientist as a spontaneous curiosity, the ability for a long time to analyze the same problems, the relatively high degree of scientific talent, which involves the developed memory, creative thinking, imagination and observation.

Working with patients that have psychotic states can be stressful to therapists because they have the potential to inflict painful states of mind to those treating them. The stress influenced by them can make therapists be angry, despair and cause confusion, which can in turn cause burn out on the therapists (Jones 2005).

Psychodynamic theory gave the most serious impact to the development of psychology. However, it was also rejected and criticized by many because of its accent on the sexual development of a human. Psychoanalysis suggested that a person must analyze his childhood experience for the understanding of his adult problems.

Social identity theory, on the other hand, is a theory regarding intergroup associations, social self, and group processes. The main idea is that a given social category within which one falls and feels to belong defines the person in term of the distinct attributes of the category (Tajfel & Turner, Art Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict, 1979)

The intent of lifelong work and mission has been towards the conveyance of ‘Life’s potential meaning’; given any prevailing circumstances or contexts of an individual’s life. Through his concrete example of such a will, has the theory been able to spread far and wide, co-existing with other aspects of existentialism.

Sigmund Freud’s impact on culture has been nothing short of profound. Perhaps the most pervasive influence Freud has had is in reshaping psychological paradigms. Today talk therapy is a cornerstone element of psychological treatment, but during Freud’s time hypnosis was believed to be the only effective treatment method.

Various thinkers and philosophers have analyzed the issue of the right to die and its relation with medical research. As most of the time, medical professionals try to conduct their trials and experiments using terminally ill patients. Such people are kept alive with artificial external help and instruments, although the patient may be brain dead or in a coma.

Adults believe that they can expect anything from adolescents due to their proneness to risky behaviours. The study of youth is always linked to researching risky behaviours in groups of adolescents and young adults because of its high frequency. Drinking, smoking, taking drugs and having early sexual life are 4 main risky behaviours in the focus. 

Relationships do not manifest the very same logic that one speaks of in the larger context. Whilst making decisions with respect to differing relationships, it is necessary to take care of reason more than the emotion itself as the latter could mean having decisions which are based on intent favoured for a particular party or person so to speak. 

School failure is normally attributed to the fact that teenage parents are unable to supervise and finance the education of their children since they themselves lack the education and viable sources of financial means. The poverty experienced by families of adolescent mothers is due to their inability to land a good job with a decent wage. 

“Women may lack the decision-making freedom to participate in a trial, especially a trial that addresses sexual behavior. They may be burdened with childcare and a lack of transportation. For women with children, participation is often limited by having to attend one of the few trial sites that offer childcare.

The cognitive perspective implies that the development of cognitive mechanisms (such as memory, thinking, sensory abilities, etc) and language are the main tools of learning behavior. Before the child can effectively master a certain behavioral pattern he should master language that helps correctly perceive the world around him. 

After a superficial overview of a very currently controversial area in modern psychology – Evolutionary Psychology – on the unreliable source, Wikipedia, not used conventionally as a source. However, this overview did lead me to an entire field of writers, involved in debates within this area. don’t ever use this as a source.

Analyzing those results in an absolute and relative manner is the next goal of this paper under the section. The next section of this paper has the goal to present my career in front of the reader. The third section is a match between himself, his personality and his career, his job and its requirements.

John Bowlby developed the theory of attachment between 1969 and 1982 (Belsky, Rosenberger & Crnic, 1995, p.153). Bowlby (1944, 1958) believed that a person who experiences a major separation from his parents in childhood develops serious emotional and mental disorders (Belsky, Rosenberger & Crnic, 1995, p.153).

In the fast-paced world people are trying to keep up with others but in the process have lost touch with God, with their own essential nature. In the process, they experience a deep sense of alienation (Miller 1996).  This void or alienation gives rise to quests about life, about the meaning of life, questions such as who am I and why am I here. These indicate that every individual is a metaphysician by nature.

Food performs numerous and equally important functions in the body of a human being. Lack of it may cause serious problems to the body. Similarly, excess consumption of food can as well have serious implications on one's body and life. Abnormalities surrounding food consumption among many people are currently raising a lot of problems and debates.

Self-identity deals with questions that often arise about ourselves by virtue of us being people. Many of the questions occur to nearly all human beings at one point in time: Who am I? What will happen in the future? Where will I be? And so forth. The idea of character toward self has been talked about by a few thinkers since the inception of Western theory. 

In guilt, the focus is on the subject or something have based on the negative evaluation. Once you examine Frank’s description of the two, it is clear that shame is personal and an eccentric emotion brought about by negative emotions like depression, anger, poor health, domestic violence, suicide, and drug abuse.

Looking beneath the surface issue is discovered through Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. They both propose the perspectives on looking beneath the surface in one way or another. The issue of waiting is depicted and explored through The Beast in the Jungle by Henry James and Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett.

Some instances in life present situations that to say the least are agonizing moral dilemmas. Solving such situations require rationality as a form of judgment. Consider, for instance, the 2002 hostage crisis in Moscow theatre. The use of a narcotic gas that apparently led to more than 120 deaths of innocent civilians received pretty much criticism.

The Evolution of Management Thought (Wren, 1994), quickly convinces the reader that there are many perspectives that should be considered in evaluating the future of organizations. All of these have something to say to us, and none has said everything. Indeed, they clearly provide a mosaic of complexity and possibility.

These are shaped by each team member’s expectations from the leader; individual perceptions formed at the beginning based on their first impressions and last for very little time, usually, till the interaction improves. Attitude is the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward an object, which forms the attitude object.  

The author states that from the personality results, my management style will not be altered in a great way. Nonetheless, it will be designed in such a way that, it will be of benefit to the employees. Basing his experience on his being an Extraverted iNtuitive Feeling Judging person, he has the ability to mobilize people into achieving their goals.