Mediated Violence - Annotated Bibliography Example

Mediated Violence affiliation Mediated violence Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, 56 (6-7): 477-489. The modern media in the United States is characterized by its violent nature depicted in numerous programs. The media has significantly increased the violent content provided to the audience. In addition, the article points out that, violent nature of programs can also be experienced in kids’ shows such as cartoons. The violent nature of television has been supported by scientific studies which depict the numerous consequences of violent media. Apart from studies, scientific facts depict that the exposure of the human brain to any form of violence may influence the psychological perception on violence. Considering this fact and the level at which the modern century is exposed to violent media, it is an obvious assumption that human psychology is derailed by the negativity of the media. The journal is summarized by pointing out that; media misinformation is highly responsible for the increase in the development of violent personalities among humans. The article is relevant to mediate violence since it justifies the findings of science on mediated violence. However, the claims by the article are different from what is presented on the media about mediated violence. Additionally, the article highlights points out that may differ from the opinion presented by both science and the media. The article, however, tends to support the facts presented by science. Moreover, science presents already proven facts as well evidence that can be proven from effects visible in adults. In general, the effects presented by mediated violence on adults are similar to the effects in children but the media presets evidence to refute this scientific prove facts. Cantor, J., & Wilson, B.J. (2003). Media and violence: Intervention strategies for reducing aggression. Media Psychology, 5 (4). The journal recognizes the fact that media greatly influences the way in which the society embraces violence. Media has glorified violence to an extent at which human beings embrace violence. The trend has been alarming to a point that strategies have been developed to minimize the effect of the social media in promoting violence. The modern media disregards its responsibility of shaping the behavior of people. This responsibility is replaced by the numerous exposure of the public to extremely graphic media content. The article cites one major effect of mediated violence is aggression. Aggression is defined as a way in which society members emulate violence from the media. Aggression mostly affects teenagers and children. Extended exposure to mediated violence requires intervention to minimize the psychological effects on the consumers of mediated violence. In the modern century, cases of aggression as a cause of mediated violence have increased. However, the direct cause could not be established until teens recorded a high level of aggression. All interventions created were aimed at treating aggression as caused by other social factors. However, a successful intervention was created in regards to mediated violence as a cause of aggression. The article is of the assumption that most cases of aggression are caused by the exposure to mediated violence. Additionally, the journal points out that a proper intervention for this cause of aggression is to eliminate the exposure of persons to mediated violence. In addition, the article also asserts that regardless of the form of intervention created, eliminating aggression caused by mediated violence can only be done by eliminating the source of the aggression. Comstock, G. (2008). A sociological perspective on television violence and aggression. American Behavioral Scientist, 51 (8): 1184-1211. The present day media has lost positive mandate to influence social circles. The article further points out that the media is infested with violent content that negatively influence the creation and existence of social circles. In addition, the article focuses on other forms of distractions by the media on the society. From the list of other distractions, the journal cites violence and aggression as the most negative distraction by the media. The media mainly focuses on the way in which social relationships are created and perceived. A good example is the instance where the article cites that children tend to emulate the violent nature of animated media content. This emulation is transferred to their interaction with other children. This hinders the effectiveness of social interactions. Apart from the effects on children, adults tend to embrace the violent content on television. To proof evidence of its assumptions, the article creates a data chart that show behavioral characteristics of the society with minimized and maximized mediated violence. The modern century is represented by excess mediated violence. For this reason, people tend to display emulated behavior as well minimized the exercise of friendly social interactions. This is dissimilar to the society that had a minimized exposure to mediated violence. The society was appreciative of a friendly social culture as people never practiced extreme emulated behavior from the media. In addition, the article also creates an assumption that the modern day television content is a significant cause of aggression mostly in teenagers and children. Coyne, S.M., Padilla-Walker, L.M., & Howard, E. (2013).Emerging in a digital world: A decade review of media use, effects, and gratifications in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 1, 125-137. The journal cites numerous media platforms from which violent content can be obtained. In the modern century, most media platforms have violent content which negatively influences the growth of the emerging adulthood generations. The journal focuses on the negative effects of media use for last decade. Generations in modern decade suffer from the effects of violent media content. In addition, the effects emanate from excessive use of media platforms. For instance, the journal points out that psychologists have hypothesized that the increase of the number of children playing video games also increases the number of children in need for intervention to minimizes the effects of their exposure to mediated violence. The journal is also of the assumption that digitalized graphics have also effects on adults. This may include addiction to violence as well as neglect of proper ways of conflict resolution. To prove its assumptions, one may agree on the fact that graduation into adulthood in the modern society is less significant. Adolescents are exposed to the use of digitalized technology that has limited their intensity to participate in their roles as adults. The diminished role of modern day adults is mainly caused by digitalized responsibilities as well as emulating media content. Apart from the diminished social role of adults, mediated violence has affected the quality of emerging adults in the modern century. This can be proven by diminishing family setting and social circles. The article is of the assumption that adolescent have diminished responsibilities which affects their maturity levels. Ferdon, F.C. & Hertz, M.F. (2007). Electronic media, violence, and adolescents: An emerging public health problem. Journal of Adolescent, 41 (6): S1-S5. In an argument presented by the journal, electronic media creates a negative aspect of the modern society and public domain. The text arrives to this conclusion by analyzing the behavioral characteristics of adolescent and children and their connection to electronic media. In most counseling sessions, at least one problem faced by an adolescent was based on the influence of social media. In addition, exemption from electronic media was cited as the most probable solution to most problem recorded. The journal defines the effects of social media as a public health problem. This is because the public has embraced electronic media and ignore the effects that may arise from it. The journal cites the problem as intrinsic. The society is willing to embrace electronic media and not put in place measures to minimize its effects. Additionally, violence character traits in both adults and children are mostly developed from content in electronic media platforms. From the journal, one notes the assumption the assumption that modern day public health problems are caused by lifestyles embraced by people. Considering the fact that electronic media is the trendiest lifestyle, it is an obvious assumption that it may the cause of numerous public health problems. Adolescents are the most affected population. The article is also of the assumption that aggression is the leading public health problem as a cause of electronic media. Electronic media is made much more dangerous by the increase the mediated violent content. Emulation of violence among adolescents can be attributed to the extreme graphic content contained in electronic media. Gosselt, J. F., De Jong, M. T., & Van Hoof, J. J. (2012). Effects of media ratings on children and adolescents: A litmus test of the forbidden fruit effect. Journal of Communication, 62 (6): 1084-1101. Bodies responsible for shielding the public from inappropriate media content have developed rating systems that dictate ages that can access certain media content. In most situations, media content with violence, extreme prejudice, sexual material and inappropriate language are termed unsuitable for children below an adult age. However, the journal article asserts that rating systems increase the curiosity of the audience. The authors also point out that children tend to be more attracted to media content rating that tends to exclude them from viewing certain content. Additionally, kids become curious to experience what may be appropriate for adults to view. However, media ratings may improve the way in which content in made available to children. A parent may be able to avoid the purchase materials with adult content. To evidence the article, the authors consider providing the consumption rate by people in regards to their rating level. It is human nature to embrace what is referred of illegal or inappropriate. For this reason, consumers tend to prefer consumption of content flagged as inappropriate. For instance, the article presents examples of violent videogames. Children and adolescents have a greater preference to videogames with violent that those with no graphic content. This can be perceived as a cause of their rating systems that require age qualification. However, the article is of the assumption that lust for inappropriate media is only required at the first instance. After the first exposure, the consumer succumbs to addiction which may be enough to demand another exposure to the media. The continuous consumption creates total addiction to inappropriate media content. Huesmann, R.L. & Taylor, L.D. (2006).The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health, 27, 393-415. It is an obvious assumption that violence traits are mostly acquired through visual or physical experience. The diminished role of physical activities has provided room for visual activities to control the sources of trait adaptation. The authors point out that violent experience from media influences the level at which both adults and children perceive violence. The media has painted violence as a hero requirement. This can be witnesses in animations meant for children where the hero has to violently confront the villain to be praised. The same is emulated by children who envy their animated heroes. An extended exposure to such content makes a child perceive violence as a social requirement. This promotes their ability to possess violent behavior. The journal also supports the assumption that the modern media has increased in violent content as the demand by the society raises. Additionally, the article bases its claims on the assumption that media has attained a role of the role model in society. This role is involuntary as consumers tend to emulate what is presented on media platforms. Considering the violent nature of the modern media, it would be expected that violent behaviors among consumers would increase. The authors also point out that children are the most affected because they lack strong psychological abilities to resist the temptation to resist mediated violence. However, the effects on adults are not dilute as the voluntary emulation of mediated violence is perceived as a public health problem. It is therefore perceptible that violent behavior has largely contributed by the media. Krcmar, M., & Vieira Jr., E.T. (2005).Imitating life, imitating television: The effects of family and television models on children’s moral reasoning. Communication Research, 32 (3). In child development, the environment determines the effectiveness at which the child’s psychology would be developed. Children tend to imitate what may be exposed to them frequently. In the modern society, children are exposed to media platforms from a young age. For this reason, they tend to imitate what they see from media platforms. The modern media is characterized by violent and inappropriate content. Children behave and practice in ways they have seen from the media. This greatly affects their reasoning. The authors argue that by considering the sensitive nature of a child’s psychology, parents should be greatly considerate to the content they are exposed to. A child’s morals are also affected by the content they are exposed to from media. An excessive exposure to immortality on television would make them the same level of morality. Moreover, the journal article points out that this trend of imitating media platform by children is based on their inability to determine the appropriateness of content to emulate. To a child, media content is a form of entertainment aimed at providing fun. A child cannot resist the urge to emulate fun they are exposed to. In addition, family settings do not aid in the selection of the appropriate media content by children. The television culture has become part of the family setting thus increasing the ease at which children feel mandated to imitate media content. For this reason, children cannot resist media content and the family does not provide the much needed guidance. From this argument, the article cites that the moral reasoning of children is affected by inappropriate media content and the lack of proper family framework to provide guidance. Scharrer, E. & Leone, R. (2006). I know you are but what am I? Young peoples perceptions of varying types of video game Influence. Mass Communication & Society, 9 (3): 261-286. In the modern day century, the consumption of video games has increased significantly. From this trend, video game developers have created come up with ways that make it interesting for children. However, new creations include extreme graphic properties. For this reason, children have developed wants for graphic video game content. The article points out that if a child is exposed to extreme graphic games they tend to embrace these games. In addition, the influence is becomes greater to a point that they cannot resist their want to access violent video games. The journal is also of the assumption that video game influence from violent content is much greater as compared to appropriate content. In addition, the journal cites the influence of video games with not violence. The difference is significant considering that the demand on non-violent video games is minimal. The article justifies this trend by claiming that demand on video games is based on their ability to cause addiction on children. Clean content video games do not have great addiction ability when compared to video games with graphic contents. For this reason, the demand of violent video game has increased. The effects of violent videogames include addiction. This causes an increase in consumer preference. The article is of the assumption that the more children and adults are exposed to violent videogames the more the society will suffer from the effects of mediated violence. Additionally, the media, in particular video game creators, do not seem to understand the depth of this problem. Murray, J.P. (2008). Media violence: The effects are both real and strong. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 1212-1230. The journal introduces media violence and different sources of media violence. The introduction is then followed with the effects by each source of mediated violence. From all the effects analyzed, those affected display significant effects. Effects are applicable on both children and adults. In addition, the author further points out that these effects can be proven by observing the affected as well by the use of scientific facts. The journal asserts that the deteriorating morality in children is influenced by their exposure to inappropriate media content. The journal is of the assumption that the effects of mediated violence are being disregarded. This is based on its assertion that the society seems to embrace this trend. This can be concluded by analyzing the media content being embraced and glorified by the society. Graphic media content can be accessed even in children programs. This displays how much depth the issue in the society. The situation is made critical by the fact that the trend seems to escalate as mediated violence has become a style of expression. However, the negative impacts not only affect children but also on adults. The journal is relevant to the topic since it puts across the negative effects of mediated violence the society seems to have ignored. The journal also depicts extreme effects of the issue thus creating awareness in the society. The article does not limit its awareness. It focuses on creating awareness on both adults and children. However, the journal focuses on children since effects are more significant on this population. References Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, 56 (6-7): 477-489. Cantor, J., & Wilson, B.J. (2003). Media and violence: Intervention strategies for reducing aggression. Media Psychology, 5 (4). Comstock, G. (2008). A sociological perspective on television violence and aggression.American Behavioral Scientist, 51 (8): 1184-1211. Coyne, S.M., Padilla-Walker, L.M., & Howard, E. (2013).Emerging in a digital world: A decade review of media use, effects, and gratifications in emerging adulthood.Emerging Adulthood, 1, 125-137. Ferdon, F.C. & Hertz, M.F. (2007). Electronic media, violence, and adolescents: An emerging public health problem. Journal of Adolescent, 41 (6): S1-S5. Gosselt, J. F., De Jong, M. T., & Van Hoof, J. J. (2012). Effects of media ratings on children and adolescents: A litmus test of the forbidden fruit effect. Journal of Communication, 62 (6): 1084-1101. Huesmann, R.L., & Taylor, L.D. (2006).The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health, 27, 393-415. Krcmar, M., & Vieira Jr., E.T. (2005).Imitating life, imitating television: The effects of family and television models on children’s moral reasoning.Communication Research, 32 (3). Murray, J.P. (2008). Media violence: The effects are both real and strong. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 1212-1230. Scharrer, E., & Leone, R. (2006). I know you are but what am I? Young peoples perceptions of varying types of video game Influence. Mass Communication & Society, 9 (3): 261-286. Read More