Philosophy Essays

Toward this end, the focus of this discussion will be directed toward understanding the notion of belief in connection with what the author of Epistemology by Robert Audi (2003) this book claims about the argument from ‘acquaintance’ argument, and in turn, the argument which maintains that a perception is a form of knowledge, although indefensible as a form of valid knowledge.

Obesity is mostly caused by unhealthy eating habits of people. The current generation is giving more importance to taste rather than nutrition while they cook foods in the kitchen or taking foods from restaurants. I have few friends in my school who are suffering from obesity-related health problems.

Experience is the core of consciousness, the flow of information from the environment being processed in a state of awareness. Because the mind and the brain are concepts that are difficult to merge, there are two theories from which the idea of consciousness is studied.

This research will begin with the statement that gambling from a noble and moral point of view is seen as an evil that lurks after people and hooks itself onto them as they are addicted and unable to fight its charm. Many have even had to go for rehabilitation to be restored back to their senses so as to stop responding to the desire to gamble.

In truth, human beings acquire knowledge. Humans use art to perfect nature. This entails that nature by itself is imperfect and humans uses art to correct it (Prang 375). For Aristotle, art is a mimesis or an imitation filled with beautification. Therefore, when humans apply art, they are imitating an object with the aim of beautifying nature.

As humans, we are all characterized by blind spots. When I spend some time examining a chronic problem in my life, often I find myself with the unsettling feeling that for sure I should be missing something although I cannot quite see what exactly it is. We all, at some point in life, examine ourselves, but it is never easy for any of us to see our shadow.

Appearing to be moral or virtuous means that one has to develop his or her reputation for being one. In connection, therefore, a person shall have to act virtuously at some point in time. So by acting virtuously, a person is in the process of being a moral person. Based on the points raised by virtue ethics, a person is being moral when he is performing moral acts.

Plato argues that what is right is defined without any reference to the gods (Plato, 2008). This argument elicits a contemporary criticism of the purpose of morality and God’s command rooted in the Euthyphro dilemma. The perception that Gods will is the basis in determining morality is referred to as theological voluntarism, which most Christians adopt.

Poverty has been one of the many pressing issues in our society. This particular social issue has been the source of social anxiety and many perspectives aim to answer the unrelenting question of how to deal with poverty. On one side of the fence, some people believe that poverty is caused by social structure and can’t be helped.

Based on the doctrine of Conditioned Genesis, the idea of Free Will, which is fundamental to Western ideology and philosophy, has no place in Buddhist thinking. It disputes the notion of sole existence of free will when existence is entirely relative, conditioned as well as co-dependent.  Similar to any ideology, will is conditioned.

The utilitarianism principle How an individual behaves is oftentimes dictated by the society he or she is a part of. Anything that is acceptable to the society is what everyone thought of therefore, to be ethical. Several ethical principles have been associated to its proponents in the past.

Clarify Key Concepts and Unclear Claims and Phrases: Peter Singer’s article entitled “Equality for Animals?” which has been excerpted from ‘Practical Ethics’, has been recognized to incorporate different key concepts and claims through using various phrases which are found to certainly dissimilar in accordance with the core subject area i.e. ‘equality for animals’.

In modern times, Descartes philosophy was well depicted in the film but in a somewhat different perspective. Thus, this paper hence aims to rewrite the above mentioned Descartes’ argument in terms of the film. The Matrix is a movie that is predominantly based on Descartes’ dream argument.

In Freud’s view, the mind has three components, the id, ego, and super ego, which constantly interact and each one of them is responsible for a different purpose. This paper will provide a detailed account of the differences between the id, ego, and super ego, according to Freud’s view, and the ways in which they interact.

In many cases, these patients are bed ridden and their functioning as normal human beings is limited. In countries where assisted suicide is legalized, such as the Netherlands, assisted suicide, upon the request of the patient and times the general consensus of the family, is performed by a physician.

The workers perform labor; they generate output for companies (Plamenatz 1975, 263). The companies sell these products and obtain revenue from it. The revenue earned is invested by companies to invest in machinery which in turn replaces the workers. For example, in the past workers were being used to do construction, but now machines do all the work thus unemployment has increased.

In simple terms, enlightenment is a phenomenon which takes place within ourselves in a spur of a moment.I t can be explained as a process in which a human being get out of a state ignorance to realize a more profound meaning of life and the uncertainties surrounding it Enlightenment is something which carries a dual meaning.

Psychological counseling as well as providing help in rehabilitating the employees against substantive abuse is one of the key issues which an organization has to handle. Increasing pressure and stress level can really put a lot of pressure on the employees and can result in low productivity as well as irritating behavior.

A significant portion of the great ethical theories developed by Karl Marx was the reflection of the social environment and was directly related to how society functioned during those times (Truitt, 2005).

A great, philosophical thought passed through two stories about the most uninteresting, most common people in both Tolstoy’s novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Kurosawa’s film Ikuru. It is not entirely correct to say that the above-mentioned themes are the main topics of both stories because each person can find something of their own while watching the film or reading the novella.

Socrates asks Euthyphro to provide him with a standard by which to measure things as holy or unholy. Euthyphro says that holy things are dear to gods, and unholy things are not dear to the gods. Socrates remarks that gods also argue until they fight. He also points out that such arguments can only be about right or wrong.

To the extent that one’s life is aligned with his values, life is generally pleasurable and one might describe himself as “happy.” To the extent that one’s life is misaligned with his values, one might describe himself as uncomfortable with his situation.

Nonetheless the desires which people have vary depending on age, gender, the social cultural, economic, political and educational standing. Regardless of the different desires that people have at different times, the ability to satisfy them demonstrates achievement of pleasurable experience.

Name Instructor Course Date Phaedo Essay. Recollection. Socrates Introduction In Phaedo, which the final dialogue that Socrates had, Plato details the views which Socrates had about the soul. His views perpetrate the dualism of the mind of body theory by placing forth an argument that shows that the mind, soul, and body are separate and that the soul existed before the body was formed.

Question: Locke claims (contra Descartes) that empiricists can demonstrate the independent existence of the material world by means of two main ideas/theories: (a) the distinction between primary and secondary properties of objects, and (b) the causal theory of perception.

In realism, the audience can face the quilt of wrongdoing even when they are not spotted. In this sense, every individual is made to recognize the wrong from the right. Antirealism assumes that if someone makes a mistake and is not spotted, they should be able to own up to their mistakes. The reason why realism and anti-realism is the best ethical system is that; it inculcates a sense of responsibility at individual level.

With this on hand, this paper will anchor its discussion to the philosophical discourse of Rene Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant on self. Furthermore, the paper will also dwell on the manner of understanding and the act of trusting one’s knowledge in the light of the mentioned philosophers.

A union is an organized group of people who have come together to achieve some objectives that are familiar to all of them. They act as a form of representation of the people at work (Brock & Lipsky, 2003).  These unions seem like a better place for the public workers to engage in collective bargaining to gain their fundamental needs.

The simplicity alone is weighed down by scary metric that takes both an objective and philosophical approach. In that case, for this response, I will weigh and analyze the Kantian approach to morality through the rubric of suitability for worldwide adaptation. It will also cover adaptation, and rationality and present a list of positive and negative externalities that are necessary.

Buddhism also has several schools and versions that may confuse a non-Buddhist such as Yogacara, Madyamika, Zen and Ch’an. All these have common teachings that is, the non-conceptual, non-dual and non-existent nature of reality.

Comparatively, professionalism will be understood as having a general focus of seeking to serve humanity. Naturally, rather than defining commercialism is necessarily base and defining professionalism is necessarily high-minded, it must be understood that professionalism, by its very nature, must incorporate aspects of commercialism in order to remain viable.

Philosophy has a long history and many fields have been introduced in the subject. Philosophy has been developed by numerous philosophers both in ancient times and in modern times as a way to understand life and the nature of the high existence of the world. From Sophocles to Descartes to modern philosophers, these great minds have tried to understand the phenomena of nature.

According to her, when children grow up, they do not have to owe their parents anything for what the parents did for them when they were young because as she argues, family relationships should be forged by unconditional love. Unconditional love means that the parents, when bringing the child up, will do everything to make the child’s later life better, without expecting to be paid back, or owed by the child.

Determinism states that there are conditions for any particular occurrence and, in the absence of such conditions, that particular occurrence cannot come to be. This means that laws of nature work with other events to act as forerunners that necessitate every occurrence. Soft determinism, also known as compatibilism, is the conviction that the ideas of determinism and free will are compatible.

The premise of this argument is that all dogs are cats and all acts are mice. The conclusion is that some dogs are mice. Notably, this is an inductive, uncogent argument. Indeed, the conclusion is not logical and the reasoning leads to a false conclusion since no dogs are mice. Indeed, all the statements are false and consequently, the false premise leads to a false conclusion.

Singer’s argument is also based upon the Utilitarianism ideology of taking those actions which are essential and necessary for the benefit of the greater number of people. The basic argument that the rich in developed countries should donate a portion of their income to help poor in developing countries to at least enjoy those things which are bare essential for their survival.

Book one, chapter ten of Aristotle’s Nicomachean ethics points out that a noble’s man happiness does not fall easily. However, when it falls reaching the point of recovery remains a nightmare, as it does not easily return. Aristotle bases his argument on two main premises. First, he believes in the power of happiness found in people as inevitable. 

The key proposition of Existentialism is that essence is preceded by existence. This implies that what is more, important to consider for an individual is the fact that she or he as a person is responsible and independently acting, and conscious being (existence) rather than the labels, stereotypes, definitions, roles, and other preconceived categories fitting the individual (essence).

In other words, it is a positive and determined effort to equalize all the opportunities in life, such as in education, employment, housing, health care, and others. A key element of affirmative action was to end the apparent discrimination committed by the government, its agencies, and its contractors in employment opportunities for racial minorities and its noble aim was to encourage or force people to take the appropriate steps to end any of their discriminatory practices in employment contracts; this idea was laudable indeed.

What are Yang and Yin in Chinese philosophy? Yin and yang are concepts in the Chinese culture that have a rich history of explaining physical and social phenomena (Mou, 2003). The concept of yin and yang explains associations amongst diverse phenomena that enhance gradual change.

Society is undergoing social changes and many transformations are taking place. Women have become more and more empowered through education thus having a more positive impact on all aspects of society. This can be seen from the contributions they have made in previously male-dominated fields such as science and technology.

Prostitution can be defined as the action or practice of participating in decadent and immoral sexual relations especially for monetary gains. Mostly, it involves men soliciting and paying for various sex services with the women and girls though, in the recent times, homosexual men have been known to engage in acts of prostitution with other men.

Prolegomena contains the summary of the Critique of Pure Reason’s conclusions through arguments that were not used in the latter. He wanted to show an approach to metaphysics in a scientific way without any given standards (SparkNotes Editors). 2. Who does Kant think he is writing this for?

In this paper, the discussion is focused on whether the development of the virtuous person, more coherent in the Socratic, or Buddhist tradition. The development of the virtuous person is a process, which is gradual and consistent with his/her morality. In this case, it would be wise to argue that moral people are virtuous in their deeds and relationships with their colleagues.

Religious scholars are also making the enormous effort to condemn such proposals. “The heated rhetoric of the debate tends to be quite remarkable, with stinging words regularly slung from both sides”

Kant’s “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” is an attempt in this direction while Hume’s “An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals” justifies his views. Both pieces of work are contrasted below. Kant’s concepts are discussed first followed by Hume’s concepts.

The idea of ethics and morals came up when people started reflecting on the intentions, nature and consequences of their actions. From this reflection on the nature of the behaviour of man, ethical theories have emerged to give direction to ethical thinking.

There are several people who firmly believe that animals have no rights and they can be used for personal benefit. This mindset has to be worked upon if we are to restore parity, it is a very upsetting sight to see a dog get kicked but if we treat the dog like our property, no one will ever dare to damage our property.

“Good-bad identifies a hierarchy of people, the noble masters or aristocracy and the common people” (Lacewing, n.d.). Master morality is also known as noble morality and it enhances ‘good’ which promotes glorious and proud mind. Master morality always denotes persons, not their actions and therefore, “good” and “bad” are corresponding to “noble” and despicable” in that order.

There are many views that were developed by 16th and 17-century philosophers on nature and science. All of the associations and correspondences were developed with the thought that there was a universe with a hell and heaven as the polar opposites. These viewpoints were basically cultural, psychological and even biological.