Philosophy Essays

In his book Existentialism, Robert C Solomon talks about various philosophers' points of view about human existence and also talks about various approaches given by philosophers regarding human existence. Robert C Solomon describes existentialism as a movement of susceptibility which is visible in western philosophy.

He further presents a defying and vintage statement of the ambitions of human life in both an eternal and temporary view. Origination of the Concept: The Treatise of Happiness originates from St Thomas Aquinas's philosophical literature works of Summa Theologica, the intention of this literal work was to act as a guide for beginners in matters of theology and as a guide of all the central theological teachings of the Catholic Church.

This requisite of the particular state of mind gives insanity defense room in the criminal justice system. (Reznek, 1997, p. 15) By pleading insanity, a defendant may avoid culpability of a criminal act on the ground that “a defendant cannot be held accountable for a crime if his mental illness made it impossible for him to distinguish right from wrong when he committed the crime” (Haycock, 2010, p.

The utilitarian rule follows the golden rule of Christ that states that one should love ones’ neighbor as he loves himself. Therefore, utilitarian concept is regarded to that act that is viewed to be morally right and will produce more good. My example of moral judgment will originate from a practical scenario-a runway trolley.

Unlike usual Hollywood films, The Matrix left its audiences with questions that bear deep resonance to one’s very existence. The movie served as a springboard of more profound intellectual discussions about how we conduct our daily lives, about the nature of humanity, about the existence of a Creator.

Its shortcoming changes led to voting allowing civil rights to be carried out throughout the United States and across other parts of the world. Although this was a hustle to bringing black inequalities to an end, there were wars fought on a lot of different “battlegrounds” within the United States.

Aristotle determines that happiness is a prerogative for a successful and fulfilling life. According to him, happiness is a relative concept that means different things to different people. He says, “Happiness depends on ourselves” (Aristotle 121).

Freudo-Marxism as a philosophy emphasizes the humanization of society, which thus calls for the unification of the society through the development of policies that emphasize the need for considering the entire society and its respective needs. Karl Marx’s theories were mostly centered on discouraging capitalism.

From this paper, one can therefore come to a clearer understanding that free will touches on important issues in the philosophy of human nature, metaphysics, action theory, religion and ethics. It has been noted that there continues to be much deliberation from divergent opinions concerning nearly every facet of the free will theory.

The Freudian concept of ‘civilization’ refers to a man-made entity embodying materialization of human ideals that may eventually address proper gratification of instincts as well as serve to stimulate intellectual functions in order for the ego to manage its own foundation of placing the balance between the ‘Id’ and the ‘Superego’.

Descartes, through his works on scientific and philosophical epistemology—on method, in essence—demonstrates that he recognizes the importance of method as he develops a new way of conducting science and philosophy (considered as one discipline during his time).

In a general sense, irrespective of geographical, philosophical, contextual, and linguistic differences, the affection for the country is Patriotism (Griffin, 2005). Historically a number of theorists and philosophers have described the characteristics of the passion ‘Patriotism’ in a diversified style. 

Many people simply refer to deforestation as the depletion of forests. The Food and Agriculture Organization which is a department of the United Nations refers to deforestation as “complete clearing of tree formations (closed or open) and their replacement by non-forest land uses.” The removal of non-forest plant associations is therefore not considered in this definition.

Both of these arguments are plausible but several objections to them can be thought of. The first of these two arguments is the argument that can be fittingly called an argument from distinction. According to Descartes: “It is true that I may have (or to anticipate, that I certainly have) a body that is very closely joined to me.

The Speluncean Society in one of their routine endeavors were inadvertently trapped inside a cave they have set out to explore. Imprisoned for a period of twenty days, the group has become weary and lost hope without nourishment or the prospect of escaping their prison at just about the right time that they are still alive.

There have been reports by Human Rights group. That the U. S. and its western allies in the war against terror have committed a lot of human rights abuses. This paper discusses the problems that underlie the tainted image that the U. S. and her western allies have attained in the fight against terror.

Reflecting on the possibility and existence of eternal life is intriguing, first of all, because we do not know the exact explanation with the lack of doubts in its veracity. Everything that is inconceivable and unknown causes interest and stimulates the imagination. The problem of death and everything that concerns it has been mentioned since ancient times by Plato.

Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Wittgenstein Introduction Ludwig Wittgenstein is an Australian-British scholar who was raised in a famous Viennese dynasty. He was born in the year1889 and passed away in 1951. Wittgenstein is among the famous thinkers of the 20th era.

The natural process of reproduction is obviously the part of the living organisms on which human beings try to adopt controls for the safety of economic stability. Since the life of one individual is directly influenced by the society he belongs to, many socio-economic and political features of his demographic circle have significant influence on the extent of his rights to decide the number of children.

Her negative aspect evolves out when she has been repeatedly mentioned as something dark, evil, possessed or as a witch. A woman’s appearance as an alluring female has been treated as a taboo phenomena and associated with something of evil sort. It is the subtle politics operating within the premise of the ancient civilization itself that woman has never been treated as the true compatriot or counter-part of the male in the society.

It seeks to establish some inter-theoretical techniques of questioning truth and find the principles of proof and standards for assessing our beliefs, perceptions, and arguments. It targets cogent understanding and utilizes discursive techniques in handling the perceptions drawn from experience, work, history, or any other domain of human life.

The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus was a proponent of materialism. According to Epicurus, “The first principle is that nothing can be created from the non-existent” (Author 108). This is rather a common-sense view of things, for how can one thing arise from something that does not exist. However, this basic principle of materialism rejects the idea of creation or making something out of nothing.

However, very disappointingly, they have broken, torn and twisted the natural rules to the extent that they did not bother to care about the environmental hazards and its consequences. Recently, many positive-minded people have started understanding the negative impact of the technological advancement on the life of man and nature.

Question 4 In Freud’s terms it is impossible tom escape the view that people often use false principles of measure because of their quest for power, success and prosperity for themselves and esteems the qualities in other people while underestimating true value of life.

The main foundation of the argument basically states that individuals are able to do more than they are currently doing to help those in need. Countries that can be said to contribute largely to refugee funds such as Britain and Australia also spend more than they donate to these causes on infrastructure such as a new transport system or Opera house (Singer).

Essentially, the Rawlsian philosophy approaches justice according to the concept of fairness. The idea is that justice is a complex concept and it could differ according to individual circumstance. Rawls contended that all of us are ignorant about ourselves and about others and, hence, we are not in a position - in such condition - to determine or apply the principles of justice.

The paper outlines standard ways to place blame and respond to it, interpret any defensive utterances by the culprits (and their supporters); and interpret their critics’ (and victims’) utterances, evaluates the use of standard normative doctrines to assess the conduct and attitudes on show in this case, considers whether business should be exempt from such normative appraisal.

It is evidently true that both the micro and macro levels of social interaction, and discussed in a number of varying ways to its application to the social issue of voter identification legislation, in the local, national, and international scenarios. Even though the classical social theorists provided a differing emphasis on both sides of this model.

Namely, Marx believed that human history was the product of a class struggle between the upper classes and the lower classes. Marx traced this progress through time and theorized that the current state of humankind is only one period in the historical development of civilization.

The author states that strict theism precludes the possibility that reason and self-determination can not only help explain the divine but that it can also be a determining factor in charting one’s own spiritual destiny. If free will is a gift from God, then it is part of that same open system that God set in motion to follow its own course.

Plato’s Apology considers Socrates' trial in front of the Greek lawmakers. An individual named Meletus, who had accused him of corrupting the Athenian youth, had brought Socrates to trial. The Apology then represents the entirety of Socrates’ argument to the court to prove his innocence and demonstrate the absurdity of Meletus's claims against him.

A Consideration of Prison Ethics: Punishment vs. Rehabilitation. The swing in Corrections ideology often moves between the idea of punishment (where one or society has been wronged against and should be able to get some form of retribution for his/their troubles) and rehabilitation – where an individual is not evil or wrong, but has acted in a manner that was the result of a string of consequences that were out of his control and therefore simply needs to be shown how to act as a decent human being.

Persons who are against the idea of assisted suicide argue that if the procedure were legal it create a ‘slippery slope’ for ever-increasing occurrences of coerced suicide, the dying person’s family members pressuring them to hasten their death for financial reasons. Moreover, they contend, legalizing assisted suicide would lessen the urgency to invent new types of drugs and develop procedures designed to prolong life.

The belief about the reality of God is extremely important for a person’s life. Whether one believes in the reality of God or not, determines to a large degree how a person performs his or her life. I believe in God. The origin of my belief is through my parents. However, now that am old enough to critically evaluate what I learnt in my shaping years.

Immanuel Kant in his work Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals seeks to develop a philosophy of morals contingent on rationality and pure reason. He attempts to do this by extrapolating the principles of morality from his three propositions, which in Kants terms serve to demonstrate how goodwill is formulated within a prescribed action.

Is this justification external or internal to one’s own mind? Broadly comprehend epistemology deals with issues of dissemination and creation of knowledge in specific areas of question. This paper talks about what epistemology is, how it relates to justified belief, what is justified belief and explains the project of Descartes. (Audi, 1993)

Plato values the concept of emotion but regards beings as not acting out of emotions. He argues that one should utilize reasoning and logic to channel emotions to create a constructive thing that enhances true facts. He gives an example of art that often creates an emotional response in the reader but fails to cause effective reasoning.

In this case study of Kenneth and Emily, we see them making some strange decisions due to what happened in the past. The decisions they make may be out of free will or not depending on the psychological impact they have on them. Free will tags along a problem for philosophy of mind and ethics because the repercussions have ethical importance and extends to the pure conception of ourselves.

Immanuel Kant, born in 1724, said that moral necessities were a function of rationality. He emphasized on the fact that immorality takes into account the breach of Categorical Imperative (CI) and is therefore not rational. Many other philosophers such as Hobbes and Locke also said that moral requirements were a result of the rationality standards.

The premise of experimentation further got results to indicate that people prefer sad situations that take long but get less sad with time than to experience sad moments that end abruptly but leave behind a mark.

What are the weaknesses of the will? If we talk about the views of Aristotle on the weaknesses of the will, we should recognize that in his outstanding philosophy he followed Plato and Socrates considering acquiring virtues to be the top priority in the life of all of us.

Various thinkers and philosophers have defined justice as per their viewpoints. The present article compares the philosophy of justice given by Socrates with the philosophy of justice specified by Adolf Hitler.

Raymond Carver’s ‘What We Talk About, When We Talk about Love’ is the titular story of his 1980s short story collection that had great influence on a generation of short story writers. The collection and the story specifically consider the extent that in contemporary society if it’s accurate to even speak of a concept of love.

Again, even this simple experience of looking at what some would see as a barren wasteland is telling a story. The workmanship and detail that were involved in making this frame and body are like nothing else still seen today. It seems we are too busy to give something the love and compassion that went into this bare body.

e pool. In order to eliminate various parts of the human genome, we might very well make some species extinct. Not only that, but genetic engineering is not a perfect science. Therefore we must be very careful as to how we trod this issue. Macklin definitely has a point when she says that we are simply not smart enough to perform genetic engineering correctly, and that it is a mistake to continue with such research.

The objective is not to learn new information but to know the process of recalling and eliciting awareness that we already have. Plato emphasizes that true knowledge of virtue is attainable through appropriate ways and methods. Plato states that true belief coupled with rationality is knowledge and a true belief not motivated by a rational account is not knowledge.

Continuing to uphold the sensitivity of matters behind healthcare, this paper will discuss various issues surrounding major depression disorder and wind down with a conclusion elaborating reasons behind the increased cases of major depression in the US despite the elaborate health care plans.

Character of Socrates. The character of Socrates at the court and during his conversation with Crito is worth discussing and shedding light. This paper aims to compare and contrast in essence the problems of Socrates as discovered by Nietzsche, as seen in the court and as revealed in talks with Crito.

In this essay, I wish to defend atheism on two basic principles: firstly, the problem on the concept of God; and secondly, the morality of existentialistic thinking. Through these principles, I intend to come up with a synthesis of my arguments that will set forth the value of atheism in upholding truth and freedom in society.

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and the 19th century British philosopher John Stuart Mill, through their masterpieces the Nicomachean Ethics and Utilitarianism respectively, both have different answers to these perplexing questions, but the most important thing is what we can learn from both philosophers.